Showing papers by "University of Nebraska–Lincoln published in 2021"
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Daniel J. Klionsky1, Amal Kamal Abdel-Aziz2, Sara Abdelfatah3, Mahmoud Abdellatif4 +2980 more•Institutions (777)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes.
Abstract: In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.
1,129 citations
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TL;DR: The treatment technologies currently engaged for ECs removal in WWTPs are reviewed for further possible upgrades of the existing designs and results indicate that the fate and distribution of ECs can be approximately estimated based on physicochemical properties like octanol-water partitioning coefficient and solid-water distribution coefficient.
284 citations
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22 Oct 2021TL;DR: Part I: MUSICAL LEARNING 1. Science and Musical Skills 2. Development 3. Motivation 4. Practice 5. Expression and Interpretation 6. Reading or Listening and remembering 7. Composition and Improvisation 8. Managing Performance Anxiety 9. The Performer 10. The Teacher 11. The Listener 12. The User
Abstract: PART I: MUSICAL LEARNING 1. Science and Musical Skills 2. Development 3. Motivation 4. Practice SECTION II: MUSICAL SKILLS 5. Expression and Interpretation 6. Reading or Listening and Remembering 7. Composition and Improvisation 8. Managing Performance Anxiety SECTION III: MUSICAL ROLES 9. The Performer 10. The Teacher 11. The Listener 12. The User
253 citations
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TL;DR: An overview of how and why the COVID-19 outbreak is particularly detrimental for the health of older Black and Latinx adults is provided, as well as the need for transformative actions that address structural racism in order to achieve population health equity.
Abstract: Objectives The aim of this evidence-based theoretically informed article was to provide an overview of how and why the COVID-19 outbreak is particularly detrimental for the health of older Black and Latinx adults. Methods We draw upon current events, academic literature, and numerous data sources to illustrate how biopsychosocial factors place older adults at higher risk for COVID-19 relative to younger adults, and how structural racism magnifies these risks for black and Latinx adults across the life course. Results We identify 3 proximate mechanisms through which structural racism operates as a fundamental cause of racial/ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 burden among older adults: (a) risk of exposure, (b) weathering processes, and (c) health care access and quality. Discussion While the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented crisis, the racial/ethnic health inequalities among older adults it has exposed are longstanding and deeply rooted in structural racism within American society. This knowledge presents both challenges and opportunities for researchers and policymakers as they seek to address the needs of older adults. It is imperative that federal, state, and local governments collect and release comprehensive data on the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths by race/ethnicity and age to better gauge the impact of the outbreak across minority communities. We conclude with a discussion of incremental steps to be taken to lessen the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 among older Black and Latinx adults, as well as the need for transformative actions that address structural racism in order to achieve population health equity.
224 citations
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TL;DR: This article showed that a lack of bifidobacteria, and in particular depletion of genes required for human milk oligosaccharide utilization from the metagenome, is associated with systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation early in life.
198 citations
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Ohio State University1, Indiana University2, University of Maryland, Baltimore3, University of Michigan4, University of Iowa5, Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis6, Michigan State University7, University of Nebraska–Lincoln8, University of Wisconsin-Madison9, Purdue University10, University of Minnesota11, Northwestern University12, University of Maryland, College Park13, Pennsylvania State University14, Rutgers University15, University of Nebraska Medical Center16
TL;DR: The Big Ten Conference requires comprehensive cardiac testing including cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging for all athletes with COVID-19, allowing comparison of screening approaches for safe return to play as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Importance Myocarditis is a leading cause of sudden death in competitive athletes Myocardial inflammation is known to occur with SARS-CoV-2 Different screening approaches for detection of myocarditis have been reported The Big Ten Conference requires comprehensive cardiac testing including cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging for all athletes with COVID-19, allowing comparison of screening approaches Objective To determine the prevalence of myocarditis in athletes with COVID-19 and compare screening strategies for safe return to play Design, Setting, and Participants Big Ten COVID-19 Cardiac Registry principal investigators were surveyed for aggregate observational data from March 1, 2020, through December 15, 2020, on athletes with COVID-19 For athletes with myocarditis, presence of cardiac symptoms and details of cardiac testing were recorded Myocarditis was categorized as clinical or subclinical based on the presence of cardiac symptoms and CMR findings Subclinical myocarditis classified as probable or possible myocarditis based on other testing abnormalities Myocarditis prevalence across universities was determined The utility of different screening strategies was evaluated Exposures SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction testing Main Outcome and Measure Myocarditis via cardiovascular diagnostic testing Results Representing 13 universities, cardiovascular testing was performed in 1597 athletes (964 men [604%]) Thirty-seven (including 27 men) were diagnosed with COVID-19 myocarditis (overall 23%; range per program, 0%-76%); 9 had clinical myocarditis and 28 had subclinical myocarditis If cardiac testing was based on cardiac symptoms alone, only 5 athletes would have been detected (detected prevalence, 031%) Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for all athletes yielded a 74-fold increase in detection of myocarditis (clinical and subclinical) Follow-up CMR imaging performed in 27 (730%) demonstrated resolution of T2 elevation in all (100%) and late gadolinium enhancement in 11 (407%) Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of 1597 US competitive athletes with CMR screening after COVID-19 infection, 37 athletes (23%) were diagnosed with clinical and subclinical myocarditis Variability was observed in prevalence across universities, and testing protocols were closely tied to the detection of myocarditis Variable ascertainment and unknown implications of CMR findings underscore the need for standardized timing and interpretation of cardiac testing These unique CMR imaging data provide a more complete understanding of the prevalence of clinical and subclinical myocarditis in college athletes after COVID-19 infection The role of CMR in routine screening for athletes safe return to play should be explored further
197 citations
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TL;DR: Convergence innovation, powered by the exponential fusion effect of the various objects, technologies, ideas, and strategies, is presented as a new sustainable core competence of organizations including its autonomous ecosystem enabled by advanced technologies.
187 citations
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TL;DR: Low SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease in SSA appears to correlate with pre-pandemic serological cross-recognition of HCoVs, which are substantially more prevalent in S SA than USA.
165 citations
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TL;DR: This review covers recent progress in advanced nanocomposite materials based on g-C3N4, TiO2 and ZnO used as photocatalysts with details of enhancing the photoc atalytic properties by heterojunctions, crystallinity and doping.
164 citations
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TL;DR: The challenges in existing LTE for supporting V2X communications such as physical layer structure, synchronization, multimedia broadcast multicast services (MBMS), resource allocation, security and survey the recent solutions to these challenges.
Abstract: A wide variety of works have been conducted in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications to enable a variety of applications for road safety, traffic efficiency and passenger infotainment. Although dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) based V2X is already in the deployment phase, cellular based V2X is gaining more interest in academia and industry most recently. This article surveys the existing work and challenges on LTE and 5G to support efficient V2X communications. First, we present the motivations for cellular based V2X communications. Second, we summarize the LTE V2X architecture and operating scenarios being considered. Third, we discuss the challenges in existing LTE for supporting V2X communications such as physical layer structure, synchronization, multimedia broadcast multicast services (MBMS), resource allocation, security and survey the recent solutions to these challenges. We further discuss the challenges and possible solutions for 5G based vehicular communications. Finally, we discuss the open research issues and possible research directions in cellular based vehicular communications.
159 citations
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Kangwon National University1, University of Pavia2, University of Basel3, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology4, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul5, Wageningen University and Research Centre6, University of Ljubljana7, National Research Council8, University of Valencia9, University of New England (Australia)10, National Taipei University of Technology11, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics12, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research13, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague14, Augsburg College15, University of Turin16, University of Bari17, Leibniz Association18, Tottori University19, University of Orléans20, University of Adelaide21, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano22, Yazd University23, Spanish National Research Council24, Beijing Normal University25, University of Twente26, University of Leicester27, Julius Kühn-Institut28, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich29, Agricultural Research Service30, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research31, University of Nebraska–Lincoln32, University of Rouen33, Romanian Academy34, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais35, Université catholique de Louvain36, University of Pisa37, University of Tehran38, University of Milan39, University of Alaska Fairbanks40, Wuhan Institute of Technology41, University of Maryland, College Park42, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki43, University of Aveiro44, Northwest A&F University45
TL;DR: This database intends to support the upcoming country-based United Nations global soil-erosion assessment in addition to helping to inform soil erosion research priorities by building a foundation for future targeted, in-depth analyses.
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Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1, National University of Singapore2, Stanford University3, National Ecological Observatory Network4, University of Wisconsin-Madison5, Oak Ridge National Laboratory6, McMaster University7, University of Nebraska–Lincoln8, University of California, Berkeley9, Agricultural Research Service10, University of British Columbia11, University of Colorado Boulder12, Ohio State University13, University of Florida14, University of Guelph15, University of Kansas16, Michigan State University17, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory18, United States Department of Agriculture19, University of New Mexico20, National Research Council21, Marine Biological Laboratory22, University of Alberta23, Virginia Commonwealth University24, University of Minnesota25, Université de Montréal26, Dalhousie University27, Carleton University28, Shinshu University29, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology30, Northern Arizona University31, Oregon State University32, Yale University33, Washington State University34, Harvard University35, Texas A&M University36, Indiana University37, Florida International University38, San Diego State University39, California State University, East Bay40, Wayne State University41, University of Sydney42, Wilfrid Laurier University43, University of Alabama44, Environment Canada45, United States Geological Survey46, Argonne National Laboratory47, Osaka Prefecture University48, University of Delaware49, University of Missouri50, University of Sheffield51
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate the representativeness of flux footprints and evaluate potential biases as a consequence of the footprint-to-target-area mismatch, which can be used as a guide to identify site-periods suitable for specific applications.
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University of New South Wales1, Boise State University2, United States Geological Survey3, Ames Research Center4, Northern Arizona University5, Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences6, Goddard Space Flight Center7, University of South Florida8, California Institute of Technology9, University of Maryland, Baltimore County10, University of California, Santa Cruz11, Arizona State University12, United States Naval Research Laboratory13, Kent State University14, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research15, University of Nebraska–Lincoln16, University of California, Santa Barbara17, University of Zurich18, Brookhaven National Laboratory19, City University of New York20, University of California, Davis21, University of Massachusetts Amherst22, Universiti Sains Malaysia23, Universities Space Research Association24
TL;DR: The 2017-2027 National Academies' Decadal Survey, Thriving on Our Changing Planet, recommended Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) as a "designated targeted observable" (DO) as discussed by the authors.
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University of Colorado Denver1, University of Manitoba2, Dartmouth–Hitchcock Medical Center3, McMaster University4, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center5, University of Michigan6, University of Ottawa7, University of Manchester8, Montreal Children's Hospital9, University of Cincinnati10, University of Rochester11, Children's Hospital at Westmead12, Mayo Clinic13, University of British Columbia14, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University15, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center16, Queen's University17, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust18, National Institutes of Health19, Ohio State University20, Washington University in St. Louis21, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland22, Campbelltown Hospital23, Scripps Health24, Cleveland Clinic25, University of South Florida26, University of Cape Town27, University of Tennessee Health Science Center28, Boston Children's Hospital29, NorthShore University HealthSystem30, Rutgers University31, Royal Children's Hospital32, University of Western Ontario33, Kaiser Permanente34, University of Pennsylvania35, University of Nebraska–Lincoln36, Imperial College Healthcare37, Nova Southeastern University38, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai39, Humboldt University of Berlin40, University of Alberta41, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine42
TL;DR: In this article, a multidisciplinary group of international experts in anaphylaxis composed of allergy, infectious disease, emergency medicine, and front-line clinicians to systematically develop recommendations regarding SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immediate allergic reactions.
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TL;DR: The presented nonlinear generalization of the celebrated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) consistently improves accuracy in monitoring key parameters, such as leaf area index, gross primary productivity, and sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence.
Abstract: Empirical vegetation indices derived from spectral reflectance data are widely used in remote sensing of the biosphere, as they represent robust proxies for canopy structure, leaf pigment content, and, subsequently, plant photosynthetic potential. Here, we generalize the broad family of commonly used vegetation indices by exploiting all higher-order relations between the spectral channels involved. This results in a higher sensitivity to vegetation biophysical and physiological parameters. The presented nonlinear generalization of the celebrated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) consistently improves accuracy in monitoring key parameters, such as leaf area index, gross primary productivity, and sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence. Results suggest that the statistical approach maximally exploits the spectral information and addresses long-standing problems in satellite Earth Observation of the terrestrial biosphere. The nonlinear NDVI will allow more accurate measures of terrestrial carbon source/sink dynamics and potentials for stabilizing atmospheric CO2 and mitigating global climate change.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of the reconstruction and identification algorithms for electrons and photons with the CMS experiment at the LHC is presented, based on proton-proton collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and recorded in 2016-2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 136 fb$^{-1}$.
Abstract: The performance is presented of the reconstruction and identification algorithms for electrons and photons with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The reported results are based on proton-proton collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and recorded in 2016-2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 136 fb$^{-1}$. Results obtained from lead-lead collision data collected at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}}=$ 5.02 TeV are also presented. Innovative techniques are used to reconstruct the electron and photon signals in the detector and to optimize the energy resolution. Events with electrons and photons in the final state are used to measure the energy resolution and energy scale uncertainty in the recorded events. The measured energy resolution for electrons produced in Z boson decays in proton-proton collision data ranges from 2 to 5%, depending on electron pseudorapidity and energy loss through bremsstrahlung in the detector material. The energy scale in the same range of energies is measured with an uncertainty smaller than 0.1 (0.3)% in the barrel (endcap) region in proton-proton collisions and better than 1 (3)% in the barrel (endcap) region in heavy ion collisions. The timing resolution for electrons from Z boson decays with the full 2016-2018 proton-proton collision data set is measured to be 200 ps.
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TL;DR: This work aims to maximize the energy efficiency for mmWave-enabled NOMA-UAV networks by optimizing the UAV placement, hybrid precoding and power allocation, and three schemes are proposed, where the cluster head selection algorithm is adopted while considering different equivalent channels of users.
Abstract: Owing to the recent advances of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and millimeter-wave (mmWave), these two technologies are combined in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks in this paper.However, energy efficiency has become a significant metric for UAVs owning to their limited energy.Thus, we aim to maximize the energy efficiency for mmWave-enabled NOMA-UAV networks by optimizing the UAV placement, hybrid precoding and power allocation.However, the optimization problem is complicated and intractable, which is decomposed into several sub-problems.First, we solve the UAV placement problem by approximating it into a convex one.Then, the hybrid precoding with user clustering is performed to better reap the multi-antenna gain. Particularly, three schemes are proposed, where the cluster head selection algorithm is adopted while considering different equivalent channels of users.Finally, the power allocation is optimized to maximize the energy efficiency, which is converted to convex and solved via an iterative algorithm.Simulation results are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposedschemes.
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University of Texas at Austin1, University of California, Berkeley2, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory3, Rutgers University4, Agricultural Research Service5, Michigan State University6, University of Arizona7, University of Georgia8, Clemson University9, Marshall University10, Jawaharlal Nehru University11, University of Nebraska–Lincoln12, South Dakota State University13, University of Missouri14, Argonne National Laboratory15, United States Department of Agriculture16, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro17, Texas A&M University18, University of California, Davis19, Joint BioEnergy Institute20, Oklahoma State University–Stillwater21, University of Oklahoma22, Washington State University23, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center24
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the assembly and annotation of the large and complex genome of the polyploid bioenergy crop switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and investigate patterns of climate adaptation.
Abstract: Long-term climate change and periodic environmental extremes threaten food and fuel security1 and global crop productivity2-4. Although molecular and adaptive breeding strategies can buffer the effects of climatic stress and improve crop resilience5, these approaches require sufficient knowledge of the genes that underlie productivity and adaptation6-knowledge that has been limited to a small number of well-studied model systems. Here we present the assembly and annotation of the large and complex genome of the polyploid bioenergy crop switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). Analysis of biomass and survival among 732 resequenced genotypes, which were grown across 10 common gardens that span 1,800 km of latitude, jointly revealed extensive genomic evidence of climate adaptation. Climate-gene-biomass associations were abundant but varied considerably among deeply diverged gene pools. Furthermore, we found that gene flow accelerated climate adaptation during the postglacial colonization of northern habitats through introgression of alleles from a pre-adapted northern gene pool. The polyploid nature of switchgrass also enhanced adaptive potential through the fractionation of gene function, as there was an increased level of heritable genetic diversity on the nondominant subgenome. In addition to investigating patterns of climate adaptation, the genome resources and gene-trait associations developed here provide breeders with the necessary tools to increase switchgrass yield for the sustainable production of bioenergy.
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TL;DR: The article describes the natural and synthetic NMs, covering both incidental and engineered NMs and their behavior in the natural environment, and the interaction of NMs in natural environments and their pathway to human exposure has been summarized.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors used single-nucleus RNA sequencing (sNucRNA-seq) and single nucleus assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing (SNucATACseq) technologies on Arabidopsis roots to reveal the impact of chromatin accessibility on gene expression.
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TL;DR: TBC treatment arrested Cd-induced oxidative stress via escalating the activities of antioxidant enzymes as well as improved moringa dietary parameters (protein, tannins, lipids, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and tocopherols contents).
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TL;DR: Research across disciplinary boundaries is needed to address the challenges that lakes face in the Anthropocene because they may play an increasingly important role in harbouring unique aquatic biota as well as providing ecosystem goods and services in the future.
Abstract: The Anthropocene presents formidable threats to freshwater ecosystems. Lakes are especially vulnerable and important at the same time. They cover only a small area worldwide but harbour high levels of biodiversity and contribute disproportionately to ecosystem services. Lakes differ with respect to their general type (e.g. land-locked, drainage, floodplain and large lakes) and position in the landscape (e.g. highland versus lowland lakes), which contribute to the dynamics of these systems. Lakes should be generally viewed as 'meta-systems', whereby biodiversity is strongly affected by species dispersal, and ecosystem dynamics are contributed by the flow of matter and substances among locations in a broader waterscape context. Lake connectivity in the waterscape and position in the landscape determine the degree to which a lake is prone to invasion by non-native species and accumulation of harmful substances. Highly connected lakes low in the landscape accumulate nutrients and pollutants originating from ecosystems higher in the landscape. The monitoring and restoration of lake biodiversity and ecosystem services should consider the fact that a high degree of dynamism is present at local, regional and global scales. However, local and regional monitoring may be plagued by the unpredictability of ecological phenomena, hindering adaptive management of lakes. Although monitoring data are increasingly becoming available to study responses of lakes to global change, we still lack suitable integration of models for entire waterscapes. Research across disciplinary boundaries is needed to address the challenges that lakes face in the Anthropocene because they may play an increasingly important role in harbouring unique aquatic biota as well as providing ecosystem goods and services in the future.
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TL;DR: ForestGEO as discussed by the authors is a network of scientists and long-term forest dynamics plots (FDPs) spanning the Earth's major forest types, which together provide a holistic view of forest functioning.
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Joslin Diabetes Center1, Harvard University2, University of Waterloo3, Max Planck Society4, University of Trento5, National Institutes of Health6, Technical University of Denmark7, University of Montana8, Northern Arizona University9, Boston Children's Hospital10, University of Nebraska–Lincoln11, University of Jena12
TL;DR: In this article, the authors performed a large-scale de novo assembly of microbial genomes from palaeofaeces and used tip-dating to identify species-level bins containing previously undescribed species.
Abstract: Loss of gut microbial diversity1–6 in industrial populations is associated with chronic diseases7, underscoring the importance of studying our ancestral gut microbiome. However, relatively little is known about the composition of pre-industrial gut microbiomes. Here we performed a large-scale de novo assembly of microbial genomes from palaeofaeces. From eight authenticated human palaeofaeces samples (1,000–2,000 years old) with well-preserved DNA from southwestern USA and Mexico, we reconstructed 498 medium- and high-quality microbial genomes. Among the 181 genomes with the strongest evidence of being ancient and of human gut origin, 39% represent previously undescribed species-level genome bins. Tip dating suggests an approximate diversification timeline for the key human symbiont Methanobrevibacter smithii. In comparison to 789 present-day human gut microbiome samples from eight countries, the palaeofaeces samples are more similar to non-industrialized than industrialized human gut microbiomes. Functional profiling of the palaeofaeces samples reveals a markedly lower abundance of antibiotic-resistance and mucin-degrading genes, as well as enrichment of mobile genetic elements relative to industrial gut microbiomes. This study facilitates the discovery and characterization of previously undescribed gut microorganisms from ancient microbiomes and the investigation of the evolutionary history of the human gut microbiota through genome reconstruction from palaeofaeces. Ancient microbiomes from palaeofaeces are more similar to non-industrialized than industrialized human gut microbiomes regardless of geography, but 39% of their de novo reconstructed genomes represent previously undescribed microbial species.
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RWTH Aachen University1, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ2, University of Nebraska–Lincoln3, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich4, University of Graz5, Technische Universität München6, Hannover Medical School7, University of Pennsylvania8, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign9, Leipzig University10
TL;DR: Extibacter muris is a newly described mouse gut bacterium which metabolizes cholic acid (CA) to deoxycholic acid via 7α-dehydroxylation.
Abstract: Extibacter muris is a newly described mouse gut bacterium which metabolizes cholic acid (CA) to deoxycholic acid (DCA) via 7α-dehydroxylation. Although bile acids influence metabolic and inflammatory responses, few in vivo models exist for studying their metabolism and impact on the host. Mice were colonized from birth with the simplified community Oligo-MM12 with or without E. muris. As the metabolism of bile acids is known to affect lipid homeostasis, mice were fed either a low- or high-fat diet for eight weeks before sampling and analyses targeting the gut and liver. Multiple Oligo-MM12 strains were capable of deconjugating primary bile acids in vitro. E. muris produced DCA from CA either as pure compound or in mouse bile. This production was inducible by CA in vitro. Ursodeoxycholic, chenodeoxycholic, and β-muricholic acid were not metabolized under the conditions tested. All gnotobiotic mice were stably colonized with E. muris, which showed higher relative abundances after HF diet feeding. The presence of E. muris had minor, diet-dependent effects on Oligo-MM12 communities. The secondary bile acids DCA and surprisingly LCA and their taurine conjugates were detected exclusively in E. muris-colonized mice. E. muris colonization did not influence body weight, white adipose tissue mass, liver histopathology, hepatic aspartate aminotransferase, or blood levels of cholesterol, insulin, and paralytic peptide (PP). However, proteomics revealed shifts in hepatic pathways involved in amino acid, glucose, lipid, energy, and drug metabolism in E. muris-colonized mice. Liver fatty acid composition was substantially altered by dietary fat but not by E. muris.In summary, E. muris stably colonized the gut of mice harboring a simplified community and produced secondary bile acids, which affected proteomes in the liver. This new gnotobiotic mouse model can now be used to study the pathophysiological role of secondary bile acids in vivo.
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Harvard University1, Brigham and Women's Hospital2, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia3, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine4, University of Maryland, Baltimore5, National Institutes of Health6, University of Nebraska–Lincoln7, Oregon Health & Science University8, Texas A&M University9, University of California, San Diego10, Stanford University11
TL;DR: Removing sepsis without shock from SEP-1 will mitigate the risk of unnecessary antibiotic prescribing for noninfectious syndromes, simplify data abstraction, increase measure reliability, and focus attention on the population most likely to benefit from immediate empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Abstract: The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Early Management Bundle (SEP-1) measure has appropriately established sepsis as a national priority. However, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA and five additional endorsing societies) is concerned about SEP-1's potential to drive antibiotic overuse because it does not account for the high rate of sepsis overdiagnosis and encourages aggressive antibiotics for all patients with possible sepsis, regardless of the certainty of diagnosis or severity of illness. IDSA is also concerned that SEP-1's complex "time zero" definition is not evidence-based and is prone to inter-observer variation. In this position paper, IDSA outlines several recommendations aimed at reducing the risk of unintended consequences of SEP-1 while maintaining focus on its evidence-based elements. IDSA's core recommendation is to limit SEP-1 to septic shock, for which the evidence supporting the benefit of immediate antibiotics is greatest. Prompt empiric antibiotics are often appropriate for suspected sepsis without shock, but IDSA believes there is too much heterogeneity and difficulty defining this population, uncertainty about the presence of infection, and insufficient data on the necessity of immediate antibiotics to support a mandatory treatment standard for all patients in this category. IDSA believes guidance on managing possible sepsis without shock is more appropriate for guidelines that can delineate the strengths and limitations of supporting evidence and allow clinicians discretion in applying specific recommendations to individual patients. Removing sepsis without shock from SEP-1 will mitigate the risk of unnecessary antibiotic prescribing for noninfectious syndromes, simplify data abstraction, increase measure reliability, and focus attention on the population most likely to benefit from immediate empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics.
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TL;DR: In this article, a review summarizes the latest advances in heterogeneous catalysis by MOFs and their composite/derivatives for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and water splitting.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the opportunities and challenges involved with contactless healthcare services in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, and suggested that a new normal of hybrid healthcare services would emerge.
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TL;DR: It is argued that yogurt and other fermented milk products provide favorable health outcomes beyond the milk from which these products are made and that consumption of these products should be encouraged as part of national dietary guidelines.
Abstract: Consumption of yogurt and other fermented products is associated with improved health outcomes. Although dairy consumption is included in most dietary guidelines, there have been few specific recommendations for yogurt and cultured dairy products. A qualitative systematic review was conducted to determine the effect of consumption of fermented milk products on gastrointestinal and cardiovascular health, cancer risk, weight management, diabetes and metabolic health, and bone density using PRISMA guidelines. English language papers in PubMed were searched, with no date restrictions. In total, 1057 abstracts were screened, of which 602 were excluded owing to lack of appropriate controls, potential biases, and experimental design issues. The remaining 455 papers were independently reviewed by both authors and 108 studies were included in the final review. The authors met regularly to concur, through consensus, on relevance, methods, findings, quality, and conclusions. The included studies were published between 1979 and 2017. From the 108 included studies, 76 reported a favorable outcome of fermented milks on health and 67 of these were considered to be positive or neutral quality according to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics’ Quality Criteria Checklist. Of the 32 remaining studies, the study outcomes were either not significant (28) or unfavorable (4), and most studies (18) were of neutral quality. A causal relationship exists between lactose digestion and tolerance and yogurt consumption, and consistent associations exist between fermented milk consumption and reduced risk of breast and colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes, improved weight maintenance, and improved cardiovascular, bone, and gastrointestinal health. Further, an association exists between prostate cancer occurrence and dairy product consumption in general, with no difference between fermented and unfermented products. This article argues that yogurt and other fermented milk products provide favorable health outcomes beyond the milk from which these products are made and that consumption of these products should be encouraged as part of national dietary guidelines.
Systematic review registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42017068953.
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University of California, Los Angeles1, SeaWorld Entertainment2, University of Rochester3, University of Maryland, College Park4, University of California, Berkeley5, Oregon State University6, University of Sydney7, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute8, AgResearch9, University of South Carolina10, University of Tennessee Health Science Center11, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior12, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration13, Queen Mary University of London14, Fisheries and Oceans Canada15, University of California, Davis16, University of Lyon17, Brigham and Women's Hospital18, University of Auckland19, National Institutes of Health20, University of Otago21, University of Bristol22, ORCA23, Tufts Medical Center24, University of British Columbia25, Polish Academy of Sciences26, White Oak Conservation27, University of Wisconsin-Madison28, Museum für Naturkunde29, Cornell University30, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio31, University of Illinois at Chicago32, Missouri State University33, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies34, University of Nebraska–Lincoln35, Royal Veterinary College36, University College Dublin37, Shedd Aquarium38, University of St Andrews39, University of Bonn40, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia41, Public Health England42
TL;DR: In this paper, a pan-tissue epigenetic clock was proposed for estimating the ages of all mammalian species and tissue with a single mathematical formula, using DNA methylation profiles from almost any tissue of the body.
Abstract: Aging is often perceived as a degenerative process caused by random accrual of cellular damage over time. In spite of this, age can be accurately estimated by epigenetic clocks based on DNA methylation profiles from almost any tissue of the body. Since such pan-tissue epigenetic clocks have been successfully developed for several different species, it is difficult to ignore the likelihood that a defined and shared mechanism instead, underlies the aging process. To address this, we generated 10,000 methylation arrays, each profiling up to 37,000 cytosines in highly-conserved stretches of DNA, from over 59 tissue-types derived from 128 mammalian species. From these, we identified and characterized specific cytosines, whose methylation levels change with age across mammalian species. Genes associated with these cytosines are greatly enriched in mammalian developmental processes and implicated in age-associated diseases. From the methylation profiles of these age-related cytosines, we successfully constructed three highly accurate universal mammalian clocks for eutherians, and one universal clock for marsupials. The universal clocks for eutherians are similarly accurate for estimating ages (r>0.96) of any mammalian species and tissue with a single mathematical formula. Collectively, these new observations support the notion that aging is indeed evolutionarily conserved and coupled to developmental processes across all mammalian species - a notion that was long-debated without the benefit of this new and compelling evidence.