University of Nebraska–Lincoln

About: University of Nebraska–Lincoln is a education organization based out in Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 28059 authors who have published 61544 publications receiving 2139104 citations. The organization is also known as: Nebraska & UNL.

A muscle hypertrophy condition in lamb (callipyge): characterization of effects on muscle growth and meat quality traits.

Abstract: The present experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the callipyge phenotype on traits affecting muscle growth and meat tenderness. Dorset wethers (N = 40) that were either carriers or non-carriers were fed grain and slaughtered at 169 d of age. Callipyge phenotype did not affect (P > .05) slaughter weight, hot carcass weight, or weights of the heart, spleen, viscera, kidney-pelvic fat, head, and pelt; however, callipyge lambs had a higher dressing percentage and lighter lungs, liver, and kidneys (P .05) weights of infraspinatus or supraspinatus. Longissimus pH and temperature declines were not affected (P > .05) by phenotype. Longissimus myofibril fragmentation index was lower at 1 (27%), 7 (35%), and 21 (37%) d postmortem and Warner-Bratzler shear force was higher at 1, 7, and 21 d postmortem in the callipyge phenotype (P .05). Longissimus and semitendinosus RNA concentration, DNA content, RNA content, protein content, and the RNA:DNA ratio were higher (P < .05), but DNA concentration, protein concentration, and protein:DNA were not affected in the callipyge phenotype. The higher calpastatin activity associated with callipyge suggests that protein degradation may be reduced in the live animal. Additionally, the increased muscle DNA content associated with the callipyge phenotype suggests an increase in satellite cell proliferation, and results in an increased capacity of skeletal muscle to accumulate and maintain myofibrillar protein. These results suggests that both reduced rate of protein degradation and higher capacity for protein synthesis are consequences of the callipyge condition.

The magnitude of late paleozoic glacioeustatic fluctuations: A synthesis

Abstract: A comprehensive literature review shows that the magnitude of eustatic fluctuations varied throughout the Carboniferous and Permian and that at least eight distinct phases can be recognized. Facies juxtapositions in carbonate successions and erosional relief in clastic successions indicate that glacioeustatic fluctuations of 20–25 m, and occasionally as much as 60 m, took place throughout the early Mississippian (Tournaisian)—a widely recognized glacial period. Middle Mississippian (mid-Chadian through Holkerian) shallow marine carbonate and clastic successions indicate that eustatic fluctuations were 10–25 m, a decrease that matches well with the paucity of coeval glacial deposits. Late Visean (Asbian through mid-Brigantian) glacioeustatic fluctuations of 10–50 m record the initial phases of ice accumulation in advance of the widespread mid-Carboniferous glacial event. The latest Mississippian–earliest Pennsylvanian (mid-Brigantian through Langsettian) was a time of widespread glaciation, and strata of this age commonly exhibit evidence of glacioeustatic fluctuations of as much as 40–100 m. Although middle Pennsylvanian (Duckmantian through Asturian) glacial deposits are present in eastern Australia, paleovalley depths suggest that coeval glacioeustatic fluctuations were less than 40 m. Glacioeustatic fluctuations of as much as 100–120 m have been widely reported from late Pennsylvanian–earliest Permian (Stephanian through mid-Sakmarian) successions in North America, an increase that corresponds to the growth of large ice sheets across much of Gondwana and the accumulation of ice in the northern hemisphere. Incision and facies juxtaposition in Early–middle Permian (mid-Sakmarian through Kungurian) successions in eastern Australia indicate that glacioeustatic fluctuations of 30–70 m occurred during the waning stages of major glaciation. Erosional relief in paleoequatorial carbonates and the presence of coeval glacial deposits in Australia suggests that eustatic fluctuations of 10–60 m occurred during the final stages of glaciation in the middle to Late Permian (Roadian through Capitanian), but the modest size of most of these fluctuations makes it difficult to isolate the glacioeustatic signature. This review demonstrates that far-field cyclic successions record changing glacial conditions in Gondwana, that the magnitude of glacioeustatic fluctuations was directly related to the volume of glacial ice, that Carboniferous–Permian glacioeustasy was more variable than previously recognized, and that generalizations from short temporal intervals are probably not representative of the late Paleozoic ice age as a whole. Although any attempt to quantify the magnitude of ancient eustatic changes is based on caveats and assumptions, this review incorporates the results of over 100 published papers on the topic in an attempt to minimize the errors inherent in any one study.

Oxidative Stress, Redox Signaling, and Autophagy: Cell Death Versus Survival

Abstract: Significance: The molecular machinery regulating autophagy has started becoming elucidated, and a number of studies have undertaken the task to determine the role of autophagy in cell fate determination within the context of human disease progression Oxidative stress and redox signaling are also largely involved in the etiology of human diseases, where both survival and cell death signaling cascades have been reported to be modulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) Recent Advances: To date, there is a good understanding of the signaling events regulating autophagy, as well as the signaling processes by which alterations in redox homeostasis are transduced to the activation/regulation of signaling cascades However, very little is known about the molecular events linking them to the regulation of autophagy This lack of information has hampered the understanding of the role of oxidative stress and autophagy in human disease progression Critical Issues: In th

Mechanical and Barrier Properties of Egg Albumen Films

Abstract: Films were cast and dried from heated, alkaline aqueous egg albumen solutions containing glycerin (GLY) at 30, 40, or 50% w/w of protein, polyethylene glycol (PEG) at 50 or 60%, or sorbitol (S) at 50 or 60% as plasticizers. PEG-plasticized (60%) films also were prepared by substituting 10, 30, 50, or 70% of albumen with yolk solids. Film tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (E), water vapor permeability (WVP), and Hunter color values were measured. At a plasticizer content of 50%, films with S had the lowest WVP while films with PEG had the greatest E. S- and PEG-plasticized films had greater TS than GLY-plasticized films. Yolk solids decreased film TS, E, and WVP while increasing film yellowness.

A Differential Scanning Calorimetry Study on the Effect of Annealing on Gelatinization Behavior of Corn Starch

Abstract: Gelatinization characteristics of laboratory-isolated and commercial corn starch were compared by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) before and after being annealed at subgelatinization temperatures in excess water. Prior to annealing, commercial corn starch has a relatively narrow gelatinization range, with a peak temperature at 71°C. Starches isolated in the laboratory have wide gelatinization ranges and lower peak temperatures. After annealing, commercial starch showed little change in gelatinization characteristics, whereas laboratory starches all had narrowed gelatinization ranges, higher peak temperatures, and increased gelatinization enthalpy, indicating changes in the internal structure of the starch granules. This demonstrates that the wet-milling process anneals corn starch during the isolation procedure.