Showing papers by "University of Nebraska Omaha published in 1981"
TL;DR: The authors investigated the processing of ambiguous words and found that dominant meanings were retrieved first and only when the sentence was strongly biased toward either meaning, only that meaning was retrieved, while only when a sentence was weakly biased toward the subordinate meaning was more than one meaning retrieved.
293 citations
TL;DR: Current program strategies need to ensure access to prenatal diagnosis, especially for women greater than or equal to 40 years of age, women who are black, and women who live in rural areas.
59 citations
TL;DR: The occurrence of this syndrome in two siblings, a boy and a girl, of normal parents suggests that this condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion.
53 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the dipole moment matrix elements have been computed for a large number of transitions of astrophysical interest for the more abundant isotopes of SiO. The wave functions utilized were obtained from a direct solution of the Schroedinger equation with an accurate RKR potential.
42 citations
TL;DR: The data support the concept of a discrete prenatal period during which circulating androgen influences the development of tissues which mediate feminine sexual behavior in the rat.
33 citations
32 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of goal setting on supervisors' evaluations of employees' performance and the causes attributed to that performance was investigated, and the results indicated that attributional dis...
Abstract: The present study considered the effect of goal setting on supervisors’ evaluations of employees’ performance and the causes attributed to that performance. Results indicated that attributional dis...
31 citations
TL;DR: Females, older students, and graduate students all tended to be more positive in their attitudes toward older people, while social work students had the most positive attitudes towards older people.
Abstract: A group of 212 undergraduate and graduate students completed Kogan's Attitudes Toward Old People scale (OP) and the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS). Persons scoring higher in the trait of aggression demonstrated significantly more negative attitudes toward the aged. Females, older students, and graduate students all tended to be more positive in their attitudes toward older people. Students majoring in business subjects tended to be more negative toward the elderly, while social work students had the most positive attitudes toward older people.
30 citations
TL;DR: A computer science aptitude pretest was given to 183 students enrolled in Introduction to Computer Science at the University of Nebraska at Omaha as mentioned in this paper, where the aptitude variables of the pretest included reading comprehension, sequence completion, logical reasoning, algorithmic execution, and alpha-numeric translation.
Abstract: A computer science aptitude pretest was given to 183 students enrolled in Introduction to Computer Science at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. The aptitude variables of the pretest included reading comprehension, sequence completion, logical reasoning, algorithmic execution, and alpha-numeric translation. The purpose of the study was to identify group differences in computer science aptitude based on the following factors: age, sex, year in college, hours worked, previous computer experience, estimated high school performance, and estimated current college performance. Significant group differences were found in at least one aptitude variable for the factors age, previous computer experience, estimated high school performance, and estimated current college performance.
29 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors attempted to identify methodological problems inherent in the study of climatic fluctuations, suggest a methodology to overcome some of the difficulties, and develop discrete regions of temperature variation.
Abstract: The identification of global trends in secular temperature has resulted in various theories explaining temporal climatic fluctuations. Few investigators have attempted to regionalize these trends as derived from climatic statistics. This study attempts to: (1) review methodological problems inherent in the study of climatic fluctuations; (2) suggest a methodology to overcome some of the difficulties; and (3) develop discrete regions of temperature variation. The results presented in this study significantly complement the information derived by depicting large areal units by climatic summary statistics. Nine discrete regions of temperature trend are developed for the United States, and the contiguity of the resulting regions suggests that climatic fluctuations display distinct spatial patterns.
29 citations
TL;DR: Comparison of biochemical data with accepted standards indicated that the nutritional status of the participants was adequate, and the incidence of obesity was greater in men than in other studies cited.
Abstract: The nutritional status of the elderly persons included in this survey was adequate, but the incidence of obesity was high
TL;DR: Let f(n, k) denote the number of ways of selecting k objects from n objects arrayed in a line with no two selected having unit separation.
TL;DR: Investigation of the transient oxygen uptake response during the initial phase of exercise showed that younger children attained steady-rate VO2 more quickly than older children, and body size, maturational level, exercise intensity, cardiorespiratory factors, and anaerobic potential are suggested as possible factors accounting for the positive age vs VO2-t ½ relationship.
Abstract: The transient oxygen uptake (VO2) response during the initial phase of exercise was investigated in 28 children (mean age ± SD = 10.2 ± 2.28 years) during constant load submaximum bicycle ergometer exercise (mean power output ± SD = 56 ± 4.0 watts; mean VO2 ± SD = .92 ± .141 [mdot] min-1). The VO2 half-time (VO2 - t½) averaged (± SD) 34.8 (± 12.70) sec which is similar to that observed in adults. Examination of the VO2-t ½ response as it related to age (7 to 14 years) showed that younger children attained steady-rate VO2 more quickly than older children (r = .77 between age and VO2-t½, P < .05). Body size, maturational level, exercise intensity, cardiorespiratory factors, and anaerobic potential are suggested as possible factors accounting for the positive age vs VO2-t ½ relationship.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of age, modeling, tuition, and sanctions on self-control of motor behavior were examined in children 6, 7, 9, and 11 years of age individually.
TL;DR: TDS and ESD measurements have been carried out on the O 2 /Pt system using a recrystallized ribbon sample as mentioned in this paper, which demonstrates the presence of two adsorption states for oxygen exposures less than 1 L.
TL;DR: In this article, electron stimulated desorption was used to study the adsorption of CO on a recrystallized Pt ribbon and showed that CO+ desorbs from a single state while the O+ species may originate from multiple states.
TL;DR: Determining successful approaches to these individuals can provide a basis for the rapport necessary to: 1) uncover causes of adjustment problems, 2) assess the seriousness of those problems, and 3) implement counseling suggestions.
Abstract: Creating stereotypes in any behavioral discipline is a risky venture. There will inevitably be overlaps between stereotypes, evolution from mannerism to mannerism, as well as behavior which doesn't...
TL;DR: This paper found that the effects of Machiavellianism in bargaining are stronger than those of equity, and that the composition of the group affects the winnings of high and low-machs.
Abstract: Christie's model of Machiavellianism is generally precise within the parameters it uses but it leaves out certain factors included in this study. Using the Mach IV and Mach V scales subjects were classified according to their mach level and asked to play in a Parcheesi-type board game. Results showed that the effects of Machiavellianism in bargaining are stronger than those of equity, that the composition of the group affects the winnings of high- and low-machs, and that Machiavellianism as a whole is more predictive of game winnings than either of its two main components, tactics or cynicism. Over-all, the Christie model is still very suitable and the present findings can make it more general.
TL;DR: In this article, a theory and research indicate that group-oriented approaches incorporating discussion, informality, supportiveness, and emphasizing humanistic social science content are likely to produce the most effective learning.
Abstract: Cognitive style is an attempt to understand behavior based on the characteristic modes of perceptual and intellectual functioning. Of the several conceptualizations of cognitive style, field‐dependence‐independence is used to develop categories of teachers and learners. Because older persons tend to have a dependent cognitive style, both theory and research indicate that group‐oriented approaches incorporating discussion, informality, supportiveness, and emphasizing humanistic‐social science content are likely to produce the most effective learning. Although most instruction of older persons is already oriented in this direction, research on cognitive style indicates a theoretical approach to designing more effective teaching and learning for this group.
TL;DR: TDS spectra and ESD ion energy distributions for coadsorption of H 2 and CO on recrystallized platinum have been measured for the formation of an H-CO surface complex as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: A nosology for the sexual function disorders based on physiology and with the capability of specificity necessary for replication is presented, adaptable to the current edition of DSM III.
Abstract: Although the spectrum of psychosexual disorders is rather broad, there is a specific subgroup of sexual function disorders which has recently received wide attention due to the increased treatment success reported with the use of primarily behavioral means. Classification in this area, however, has been quite variable making replication of studies quite difficult. Although this is somewhat improved in the new psychiatric nomenclature DSM III, that nomenclature is still not physiologically based and does not allow the specificity necessary for replication of studies for research. We present here a nosology for the sexual function disorders based on physiology and with the capability of specificity necessary for replication. It is adaptable to the current edition of DSM III.
TL;DR: The chickenpox appeared in the medical literature for the first time in 1694, but it had evidently been in common use long before then.
Abstract: From the Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska. Correspondence to: Stephen J. Lerman, M.D., Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 42nd and Dewey Avenue, Omaha, NE 68105. Received for publication July, 1980; revised and accepted August, 1980. ~E ’~’~1~~!~ chickenpox appeared in the medical literature for the first time in 1694, but it had evidently been in common use long before then. Richard Morton, an English physician, described what he believed to be a mild form of smallpox as &dquo;... this type are called in our vernacular The Chicken 1’o~k.s&dquo;
TL;DR: A survey of recent developments in theory construction and evaluation from related areas of methodology of science, information processing and computer theories can be found in this paper, where the authors discuss some of the difficulties involved in the interpretation and integration of psychological data.
Abstract: IThe interpretation of data requires a model of the data gathering process. The integration of data requires a classification system that extends across different data sets. This article discusses some of the difficulties involved in the interpretation and integration of psychological data, and presents a survey of some recent developments in theory construction and evaluation from related areas of methodology of science, information processing and computer theories. The basic behavioral data of psychology consist of descriptions of when who emitted what under which conditions. There are so many whens, whos, whats, and whichs that it is impossible to store them all in all their detail (though some psychologists are trying to do just that). The lack of storage facilities forces everyone to record only those special aspects that he considers important at the moment. Different observers often use different classification categories, and the same observer often changes his system from one experiment to the next. The absence of any over-all theory or methodology serves to perpetuate and even to justify this diversity. For that matter, it is after all exactly the job of an over-all theory to reduce a bewildering variety of data to manageable proportions: to provide a 'key' or code which unlocks significant patterns of data from the noisy confusion. And especially important are those theories which integrate data across different data sets, since that results in powerful generalizations which are more independent from particular aspects of the way observations and measurements are set up. The historical situation by the mid-sixties was such that relatively little progress had been made by psychologists to resolve these problems (Murphy, 1963; Sells, 1963; Toda and Shuford, 1964). The anti-theory attitude that had prevailed in psychology (Boring, 1963; Chapanis, 1963;Marx, 1963)had
TL;DR: Comparison of the preferred conformations with the cholinergic potency of the reverse ester reveals that the models developed by Kier and by Chothia & Pauling for muscarinic and nicotinic activity cannot explain the activity of thereverse ester.
Abstract: 1. 1. The conformational energy profile of the reverse ester of acetylcholine, a potent nicotinic agonist, was studied using EHT and PCILO molecular orbital calculations. 2. 2. The preferred conformation calculated by EHT has T1 = T2 = 180°, which is an extended molecule. 3. 3. The PCILO calculated preferred conformer has T1 = T2 = 60°, which corresponds to a folded molecule. 4. 4. The calculated preferred conformers do not match the preferred conformer given by X-ray crystallography. 5. 5. Comparison of the preferred conformations with the cholinergic potency of the reverse ester reveals that the models developed by Kier and by Chothia & Pauling for muscarinic and nicotinic activity cannot explain the activity of the reverse ester. 6. 6. A model based on the flexibility of the receptors and of the cholinergic molecules and electronic similarities in requisite atomic centers is necessary to explain the activity satisfactorily.
TL;DR: The results are interpreted as being consistent with the hypothesis that genital factors account for sex differences observed for androgen-stimulated copulatory behavior in rats.
Abstract: Masculine copulatory behavior was evaluated in male and female rats under normal testing conditions and after application of a topical anesthetic to the penis or clitoris. Males had been castrated at birth or at 27 days of age. Females had received either testosterone propionate or control injections during the first 26 days of life. Genital anesthetization prevented the occurrence of intromission and ejaculation patterns in all groups. The masculine sexual behavior observed under conditions of genital anesthetization was comparable across groups, with the exception that females, when tested under these conditions, exhibited lower mount-bout frequencies than did males. However, these differences were not apparent when sexual behavior was evaluated in unanesthetized animals. Females also exhibited longer latencies to mount under anesthetization as compared with control testing conditions. When these differences in latency were taken into consideration, the differences in mount-bout frequency were not apparent. Males that remained intact during development showed shorter latencies to initiate copulatory behavior and more mounts per mount bout as compared with all other groups. The results are interpreted as being consistent with the hypothesis that genital factors account for sex differences observed for androgen-stimulated copulatory behavior in rats.