Showing papers by "University of Nebraska Omaha published in 1992"
TL;DR: The Revised Death Anxiety Scale (RDS) as discussed by the authors has an acceptable level of reliability (Cronbach alpha −.83) and has been shown to be age-sensitive.
Abstract: This article reports on the development and factor analysis of a Revised Death Anxiety Scale that has an acceptable level of reliability (Cronbach alpha—.83) and that has been shown to be age-sensitive. Five studies using different versions of the scale are detailed, and data differentiating constructions of death anxiety for those high and for those low in death anxiety are presented.
155 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined relationships among perceived risk of arrest, arrest history, and frequency of committing crimes and found that perceptions of risk are formed in a manner consistent with a rational choice perspective, even in a sample of serious offenders.
Abstract: Previous research on the perceived certainty of punishment indicates that individuals with experience in committing crimes perceive arrest as less certain than do those without such experience. Studies assessing the influence of experiencing formal sanctions on perceptions of risk have produced mixed results. Most studies however, have not considered the experience of sanctions in conjunction with the frequency of criminal behavior. With a sample of 1,046 incarcerated felons, we examined relationships among perceived risk of arrest, arrest history, and frequency of committing crimes. Our findings suggest that it is important to measure the ratio of arrests to crimes and that perceptions of risk are formed in a manner consistent with a rational choice perspective, even in a sample of serious offenders.
152 citations
TL;DR: The detection of lymphoma cells in marrow used for ABMT is an important adverse prognostic factor, and appears to be independent of other clinical predictors of outcome such as sensitivity or resistance of disease to prior chemotherapy.
131 citations
TL;DR: The results provide further evidence that the PGi is a supraspinal locus of descending inhibitory influence on spinal nuclei mediating ejaculatory reflexes in the male rat.
117 citations
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: Much of what health care is depends on one’s perspective, and to the demographer, each of these conceptualizations should be considered important.
Abstract: Health care is one of the more complex components of U.S. society. Its complexity is such that it is hard to define and even more difficult to describe in meaningful terms. Is health care an industry? A system? An institution? In actuality, it is all of these and more (Sidel and Sidel 1986). As shall be seen, much of what health care is depends on one’s perspective. To the demographer, each of these conceptualizations should be considered important.
88 citations
TL;DR: The origins of the contemporary criminal justice paradigm: The American bar foundation survey, 1953-1969 as discussed by the authors, was the first survey of such a paradigm in the legal field, and was published in 1992.
Abstract: (1992). Origins of the contemporary criminal justice paradigm: The American bar foundation survey, 1953–1969. Justice Quarterly: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 47-76.
69 citations
TL;DR: Metaanalysis supported the conclusion that increased rates of oxidation of estradiol 17‐β to 2‐OH catechols supply the principal proximal human mammary carcinogens active after menarche, and ECE rose linearly exponentially with increasing cancer risk.
Abstract: The metabolism of estrone (E1) or estradiol-17 beta (E2) to catechols seldom has been investigated in biochemical studies related to the risk of development of human breast cancer, as a result of the extreme lability and reactivity of these hormones. A method of indirect calculation was developed in which estimated catechol estrogen excretion (ECE) from urinary excretion of E1, E2, and estriol (E3) was used, based on the obligate reciprocal relation between 16 alpha-hydroxylase activity (r3) and estrogen 2/4 hydroxylase function (r2). This relationship is expressed by r2 x r3 = K, the estrogen oxidative constant. From published data relating chiefly to 2-OH estrone excretion, K = 12.4 +/- 0.8 (standard error of the mean). Urinary E1 + E2 excretion rates reflect nonprotein-bound plasma ovarian estrogen concentrations available for cell metabolism, which influence the value of K. The equation: r2 = [E1 + E2] K/[E3 + 16 alpha OH E1] = ECE gives a median correlation coefficient between actual catechol estrogen excretion and ECE in micrograms/24 hours of +0.88 (range, 0.61 to 0.97). When tested against the best product isolation analysis of catechol estrogen excretion, ECE was 95% accurate. Using this method a metaanalysis was conducted of published fractional estrogen excretion collected from 2846 healthy women worldwide aged 15 to 59 years, with a risk of breast cancer varying fivefold. Overall ECE was 78% to 97% higher in high-risk women of all ages and menstrual cycle phases (P less than 0.001, by Wilcoxon test). With increasing cancer risk (as estimated by the authors), ECE rose linearly exponentially with a slope of 0.149 (follicular phase) and 0.136 (luteal phase). The correlation coefficient (R2) between the two variables was 0.77 and 0.57, respectively (P less than 0.05). These data derived from calculations of ECE in healthy women confirmed recent analytic results of a twofold increase in the ratio of 2-OH E1/4-OH E1 in healthy Finnish women compared with recent Japanese migrants to Hawaii. In Finnish women with breast cancer, this ratio increased further (almost twofold). Metaanalysis supported the conclusion that increased rates of oxidation of estradiol 17-beta to 2-OH catechols supply the principal proximal human mammary carcinogens active after menarche.
66 citations
TL;DR: An autoregressive model has been applied to the 1978 Cameroon World Fertility Survey data to test the fertility adaptation hypothesis of rural-urban migration, finding that the lack of fertility differentials between rural- urban migrants and rural stayers does not imply a weak fertility adaptation effect.
Abstract: Preliminary analysis of Cameroon fertility data suggests that rural stayers do not have a significantly higher fertility than rural-urban migrants in contrast to hypotheses suggested in the literature. Bongaarts and Caldwell both suggest that modernization plays a role in African fertility and migration patterns by increasing exposure to childbearing. Supply constraints are changed by higher levels of education short duration of postpartum abstinence less prevalence of polygamy and more stable marriages. The influence of relatives may be weaker and the fear of losing a husband greater which influence earlier returns to sexual relations. Because the levels of fertility of stayers and movers may be equal does not suggest that movers do not adapt fertility to urban norms. Analysis was conducted with d ata from the 1978 Cameroon World Fertility Survey on 8219 women aged 15-54 years for rural nonmigrants rural-rural migrants and rural-urban migrants. Rural-urban migrants were found to be better educated have fewer cases of infertility and have more stable first marriages. Descriptive statistics are provided for migrants and nonmigrants. Cross classification analysis shows that fertility is not lower for women with higher education even when migration status is controlled for. Multivariate regression results in an autoregressive model in a first difference form indicated that the fertility rate of rural-urban migrant women was significantly higher than that of rural staryers during the period of 5-9 years after migration. The urban effect acts to reduce migrants fertility by about .13 births. Comparisons are made with Mexican and Korean migration behavior which reflect decreased fertility after migration of 1.5 births and 2.6 births respectively. The suggestion is that the fertility-increasing effect of supply conditions in Cameroon is significantly offset by the fertility-depressing adaptation effect of migration to urban areas. It is expected that eventually fertility will decline as economic development continues and womens educational levels increase. Stability in marriages will increase womens confidence needed to control fertility and contribute to the increased use of contraceptives.
46 citations
TL;DR: Predicted values from the revised equation were more accurate as reflected by slightly higher correlations, lower total errors, and lower mean differences from actual VO2 measurements than those from the current equation.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of the American College of Sports Medicine's equation for estimating the oxygen cost of exercise performed on a cycle ergometer. Sixty healthy males, ages 19-39 yr old, performed a five stage (30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 W) submaximal cycle ergometer test while their oxygen uptake was measured. Results indicated the standard error of estimate for the predicted oxygen values ranged from 0.11 to 0.22 l.min-1, with correlations between the actual and predicted values ranging from r = 0.22 to r = 0.50. Total errors ranged from 0.23 to 0.31 l.min-1. The actual oxygen cost was underestimated from 0.16 to 0.29 l.min-1 (P less than 0.05) by the equation at each workload. A revised equation was developed based upon the actual VO2-power relationship. The resulting slope was lower and the intercept higher when compared with the current ACSM equation. The slope and intercept of the revised equation are more consistent with values published in the literature. This equation appears as: VO2 (ml.min-1) = kgm.min-1 x 1.9 ml.min-1) + ((3.5 ml.kg-1.min-1 x kg body weight) + 260 ml.min-1). Predicted values from the revised equation were more accurate as reflected by slightly higher correlations, lower total errors, and lower mean differences from actual VO2 measurements than those from the current equation.
45 citations
TL;DR: This study demonstrated some reduction in early withdrawal symptoms with the use of a clonidine transdermal patch, but no increase in cessation rate, 6 weeks after medication had been discontinued.
Abstract: Background.— Clonidine may be useful in controlling tobacco withdrawal and in facilitating smoking cessation. This study was developed to test the efficacy of transdermal clonidine in promoting smoking cessation. Methods.— We conducted a five-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial of transdermal clonidine in conjunction with a minimal behavioral intervention for smoking cessation. The intervention was based on the American Lung Association'sFreedom From Smokingprogram. Self report of not smoking was validated with exhaled air carbon monoxide of less than 8 ppm and salivary cotinine of less than 20 ng/mL. Transdermal clonidine therapy began 1 week before the target quit date: 0.1 mg/24 h for the first 4 days increasing to 0.2 mg/24 h for the next 3 days, if the lower dose was tolerated. The highest tolerated dose was then continued for 6 weeks after target quit day. Withdrawal symptoms were measured daily for the first 7 days after target quit day. Results.— A total of 213 patients were enrolled (106 active drug and 107 placebo). During the study, 15.5% of patients had drug therapy discontinued due to adverse effects, 24.5% (26/106) taking active drug vs 8.4% (9/107) receiving placebo. There was a significant reduction in anxiety score from 3.0 to 2.4 (placebo vs active) and irritability score from 2.2 to 1.7 (placebo vs active) during the first week after cessation. There was no reduction in other withdrawal symptoms. The overall 12-week abstinence rate was 33.0% (35/106) in the active drug group vs 34.5% (37/107) in the placebo group (not significant). Conclusion.— This study demonstrated some reduction in early withdrawal symptoms with the use of a clonidine transdermal patch, but no increase in cessation rate, 6 weeks after medication had been discontinued. (Arch Intern Med. 1992;152:2065-2069)
43 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Although body weight and serum albumin levels remained stable in dogs that had undergone autotransplantation and initial diarrhea improved, stool moisture was persistently elevated and late defects in fat and D-xylose absorption developed, this malabsorption may be related to bacterial overgrowth or other in vivo factors.
TL;DR: Results demonstrate that GABAB receptors modulate synaptic inhibition in vivo and reduce the amplitude of PS2 at inter-stimulus intervals while producing no effect on the first population spike of the pair.
TL;DR: The results of this study point to the utility of the gonadotropin assay for monitoring reproductive function in both female and male lion tamarins.
Abstract: This paper describes the development and validation of a plasma and urinary gonadotropin immunoassay for golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia), an endangered New World callitrichid primate The assay is derived from a macaque chorionic gonadotropin assay and was validated for both plasma and urine samples in L rosalia Levels of immunoreactive LH/CG in lion tamarin urine were highly correlated (r = + 098) with gonadotropin bioactivity Immunoreactive LH/CG levels were examined in two contexts: in the urine of adult females and in the plasma of adult males after administration of estrogen Peaks of gonadotropin excretion were detected in samples collected from nonpregnant adult females The peaks occurred immediately prior to cyclic elevations in urinary estrogen excretion Plasma LH/CG concentration in males measured 24 and 48 hours after a single 50 μg injection of estradiol benzoate were significantly lower than levels at these time points measured after control treatment Together, the results of this study point to the utility of the gonadotropin assay for monitoring reproductive function in both female and male lion tamarins
TL;DR: The history of applied cognitive psychology can be traced back to the early 1800s, through the impact on psychology of the World Wars and through the information processing view of the 1950s, up to the recent flurry of work on topics in cognitive science, such as human-computer interaction as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Currently, applied cognitive psychology seems to be a ‘hot topic’. What are the origins of this area of specialization? In this article we survey the history of applied cognitive psychology, beginning with the earliest applied psychological research of the late 1800s, through the impact on psychology of the World Wars, through the advent of the information processing view of the 1950s, and up to the recent flurry of work on topics in cognitive science, such as human–computer interaction. We also consider recent changes in the structure of American professional societies, economic changes and funding patterns, and other factors that have contributed to the advent of this new field. Although our discussion is largely descriptive, we point to some of the influences on applied psychology, such as the practical concerns that have arisen outside the laboratory. Our discussion is best characterized as a historically contextualized cautionary tale that asserts the values of neofunctionalism for applied cognitive psychology.
TL;DR: The St. Jonsfjorden structures are primarily contractional, and together with areas farther southeast in the fold-thrust belt, indicate shortening took place perpendicular to the fold belt across much of the length of the evolving margin this paper.
TL;DR: The Bezold-Jarisch reflex was assessed in nine dogs by determining the heart rate and blood pressure responses to intracoronary injections of various doses of veratridine and responses were uniformly depressed following ventricular pacing.
Abstract: It has been well documented that the arterial baroreflex is depressed in chronic congestive heart failure. Furthermore, cardiopulmonary reflexes have also been shown to be depressed in heart failur...
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is suggested that epithelial cell migration occurs earlier than cell proliferation during regeneration of intestinal epithelium and is closely associated with changing concentration of 125I rhUG/EGF in the neomucosa, which suggests that endogenous EGF may play an important role in intestinal regeneration.
TL;DR: An effective procedure is proposed for systematically identifying optimal linear production systems and constructing related contingency plans using the multiple criteria and multiple-constraints-level (MC 2 ) simplex method.
TL;DR: Factor analysis and item analysis of the attitudes toward health items indicated that older respondents in rural areas may have very different perceptions of health in general and of health care services in particular than those of elderly urban residents.
Abstract: Samples of people aged 65 or older (N = 396) living in the metropolitan Omaha area and in the rural Sandhills counties of central and western Nebraska completed an instrument to assess health satisfaction, health behaviors, and attitudes toward heath care. Few intergroup differences were found that could be attributed to the area of residence. However, factor analysis and item analysis of the attitudes toward health items indicated that older respondents in rural areas may have very different perceptions of health in general and of health care services in particular than those of elderly urban residents.
Proceedings Article•
01 Jan 1992TL;DR: It is concluded that the current release of META is not sufficiently rich to describe the process of care in the ambulatory management of hypertension, however, the construction and breadth of the current scheme holds promise for medical knowledge representation and translation.
Abstract: To evaluate the clinical completeness of the National Library of Medicine Metathesaurus(META), we coded the conceptual information found in 2000 problem oriented (SOAP) notes for hypertension from one COSTAR site. To minimize the effects of practice idiosyncracy, we analyzed an additional 500 notes from a second, geographically remote site. Concepts occurring at either site numbered 1337. We classified concepts occurring at both sites as core concepts and these numbered 121. We attempted to find a matching concept of the proper semantic type in META for each of the items. All matching was done by program with a manual review by a physician. The overall success rate for matching was: [table: see text] We observed the greatest frequency of unmatched concepts in physical examination, medications, symptoms, personal behavior, non-medical therapies and counselling. We conclude that the current release of META is not sufficiently rich to describe the process of care in the ambulatory management of hypertension. However, the construction and breadth of the current scheme holds promise for medical knowledge representation and translation.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the St. Jonsfjorden basin geometry is used to localize the Tertiary thrust stack develo pment in the Upper Palaeozoic and Mesozoic platform cover strata.
Abstract: Upper Palaeozoic and Mesozoic platform cover strata. both St. Jonsfjorden and Bel lsund, Carboniferous strata struct urally higher in the thrust stack are thicker and have a more complete stratigraphic succession than those in lower thrust sheets. These differences, along with observed structures, indicate that the basement-involve d thrust stacks transported and te lescoped a zone of Carboniferous structures responsible for a thicker Carboniferous basin to the west. This zone may be the eastern margin of the St. Jonsfjorden trough of Gjelberg & Steet. The spatial coincidence between the two sets of structures suggests that the Carboniferous basin geometry contro lled the large-scale Tertiary structura l architecture by localizing thrust stack develo pment. At St. Jonsfjorden portions of Carboniferous fault surfaces were reactivated as Tertiary thrust ramps. In both areas a Middle Carboniferous angular unconformity played a role in Tertiary tectonism. Higher stratigraphic ascent of ramps into the platform cover before bending into a flat {bypasssing potentia l lower thrust flats often uti lized elsewhere) and concentration of thrust ramps ( decreasing spacing) are two mechanisms for localization of the thrust stack.
TL;DR: The Principal and Discipline: Working with School Structures, Teachers, and Students as discussed by the authors is a seminal work in the field of principal and discipline in education. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 65, No. 6, pp. 376-380.
Abstract: (1992). The Principal and Discipline: Working with School Structures, Teachers, and Students. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 65, No. 6, pp. 376-380.
TL;DR: The integration of human MUC1 mucin gene in HP-1 cells caused no significant change in the growth rate of HP-2 cells in vitro, but resulted in an enhanced growth rate for xenografts of M UC1 transfected HP- 1 cells grown in nude mice.
Abstract: A full length cDNA for the human mucin gene, MUC1, under the control of human β actin promoter, was transfected into a carcinogen induced hamster pancreatic ductal tumor cell line, HP-1. Transfectants were selected by resistance to geneticin. Integration of the foreign human MUC1 cDNA occurred at multiple sites in the genome of HP-1. Northern blot analysis showed MUC1 expression in cells transfected with MUC1 cDNA placed in the correct orientation, but not in control cells (HP-1 cells transfected with vector alone, or with the MUC1 cDNA placed in the antisense orientation). Western blot analysis using monoclonal antibody HMFG-2, which is reactive with the MUC1 protein, showed results consistent with the Northern blot data. Positive immunoperoxidase staining using HMFG-2 was seen in HP-1 cells transfected with MUC1 cDNA but not with untransfected or HP-1 control cells. The integration of human MUC1 mucin gene in HP-1 cells caused no significant change in the growth rate of HP-1 cells in vitro, but resulted in an enhanced growth rate for xenografts of MUC1 transfected HP-1 cells grown in nude mice.
TL;DR: In this paper, college students were surveyed to determine important personal and work-related influences on career choice, perceptions of seven marketing career paths, and intent to pursue each of these paths.
Abstract: College students were surveyed to determine important personal and work-related influences on career choice, perceptions of seven marketing career paths, and intent to pursue each of these paths. Building on previous research, this study also investigated the career choice influences and likelihood of pursuit of various retail career paths.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the conformation of the amide function may directly affect binding through stereoselective interactions with a hydrophobic region on the receptor, indirectly by inducing conformational changes elsewhere in the molecule, or by a combination of these two mechanisms.
Abstract: and in displacing [3H]-8-OH-DPAT ( [3H]-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin) from rat hippocampal 5-HTIA receptors. The difference in activity between the two isomeric amides was significant in both the behavioral and binding assays, with the R isomer messing greater potency. Molecular mechanics were used to predict the active geometries of the subject compounds. It was found that the (R)-a-butylamide has a conformation quite similar to LSD, while the (a-2-butylamide does not Theae results suggest that stereochemical properties of the amide suhstituent of hallucinogenic lysergamides may exert a critical influence on activity. It is concluded that the conformation of the amide function may directly affect binding through stereoselective interactions with a hydrophobic region on the receptor, indirectly by inducing conformational changes elsewhere in the molecule, or by a combination of these two mechanisms. From studies relating structure and activity, it was noted more than 30 years ago that minor molecular modifcations in ergot alkaloids produce surprisingly great changes in pharmacological effect.' Included among these compounds are various amides of lysergic acid. In the years following Hofmann's synthesis and discovery of the hallucinogenic properties of the N,N-diethylamide of d-lysergic acid (LSD, 1),2 a large number of chemical modifications were investigated in structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. As discussed previ~usly,~ the results of these early studies generally confirmed that hallucinogenic potency in the lysergamide series seemed to be optimized in 1. Although very few new compounds have been prepared in SAR studies of hallucinogenic lysergamides in recent years, evidence that 1 may not possess uniquely high potency has been reported. Derivatives in which various alkyl groups replaced the N(6)-methyl of 1 were identified that retained or even surpassed the potency of 1."' Of these compounds, the N(G)-n-propyl derivative was found to be equipotent to 1, while the N(G)-ethyl and -allyl derivatives were more potent than 1 in a rat behavioral model.5 In view of a renewed interest in hallucinogenic agents, related to the recent emphasis in the neurosciences on the role of serotonin in behavior: further studies of 1 SAR
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined whether the volatility of stock index returns forecasted by a GARCH-M specification is consistent with the implied volatility observed in options markets and found that the GARCH process appears to partially explain the variation of implied volatilities and the term structure of implied volatility.
Abstract: This study examines whether or not the volatility of stock index returns forecasted by a GARCH-M specification is consistent with the implied volatility observed in options markets. Recent data for the New York Stock Exchange Composite Index and Standard & Poor's 500 Index and their options are employed. The patterns of the term structure of implied volatility are compared with those of volatility estimates obtained from the GARCH process. The results indicate that the GARCH process appears to partially explain the variation of implied volatilities and the term structure of implied volatilities.
TL;DR: There was a positive correlation between the severity of the stenosis, if present, in the aortic-iliac-femoral arteries and that in the coronary arteries.