Showing papers by "University of Nebraska Omaha published in 2020"
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TL;DR: An overview of the different schools of thought and approaches to mitigating (social) biases and increase fairness in the Machine Learning literature is provided, organises approaches into the widely accepted framework of pre-processing, in- processing, and post-processing methods, subcategorizing into a further 11 method areas.
Abstract: As Machine Learning technologies become increasingly used in contexts that affect citizens, companies as well as researchers need to be confident that their application of these methods will not have unexpected social implications, such as bias towards gender, ethnicity, and/or people with disabilities. There is significant literature on approaches to mitigate bias and promote fairness, yet the area is complex and hard to penetrate for newcomers to the domain. This article seeks to provide an overview of the different schools of thought and approaches to mitigating (social) biases and increase fairness in the Machine Learning literature. It organises approaches into the widely accepted framework of pre-processing, in-processing, and post-processing methods, subcategorizing into a further 11 method areas. Although much of the literature emphasizes binary classification, a discussion of fairness in regression, recommender systems, unsupervised learning, and natural language processing is also provided along with a selection of currently available open source libraries. The article concludes by summarising open challenges articulated as four dilemmas for fairness research.
240 citations
Webster University Geneva1, Columbia University2, Rider University3, Pace University4, Harvard University5, University of Bologna6, Wellesley College7, University of Connecticut8, University of Wrocław9, Paris Descartes University10, California Institute of Integral Studies11, University of Bergen12, Johns Hopkins University13, University of Nebraska Omaha14, University of Antioquia15, University of California, Davis16, University of Brasília17, Cornell University18
TL;DR: In this article, 20 scholars representing diverse lines of creativity research discuss a conceptual shift within the field and propose a set of propositions to guide our understanding of past research and to generate new directions of inquiry and practice.
Abstract: This manifesto, discussed by 20 scholars, representing diverse lines of creativity research, marks a conceptual shift within the field. Socio-cultural approaches have made substantial contributions to the concept of creativity over recent decades and today can provide a set of propositions to guide our understanding of past research and to generate new directions of inquiry and practice. These propositions are urgently needed in response to the transition from the Information Society to the Post-Information Society. Through the propositions outlined here, we aim to build common ground and invite the community of creativity researchers and practitioners to reflect up, study, and cultivate creativity as a sociocultural phenomenon.
178 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a RISE framework for navigating the fiscal effects of COVID-19 and relying on recent surveys to assess local governments' and nonprofit organizations' response strategies is proposed.
Abstract: The rate of expansion and breadth of COVID-19 caught the world by surprise. From the perspective of nonprofit and public entities responsible for service provision, this pandemic is also unprecedented. We offer a RISE framework for navigating the fiscal effects of COVID-19 and rely on recent surveys to assess local governments' and nonprofit organizations' response strategies. We find that many nonprofits were hit the fastest and hardest by the pandemic and that local governments are, essentially, trying to figure out their financial condition moving into the next budget cycle.
106 citations
TL;DR: In this multicenter prospective study, a protocol of optimized LVAD mechanical unloading, combined with standardized specific pharmacological therapy to induce reverse remodeling and regular testing of underlying myocardial function resulted in a high rate of LVAD explantation and was feasible and reproducible with explants.
Abstract: Background: Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) unloading and hemodynamic support in patients with advanced chronic heart failure can result in significant improvement in cardiac function allowin...
95 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors employ wavelet coherency, phase differences and spillover analysis to examine the dynamic connectedness between oil prices and stock returns of clean energy and technology companies.
88 citations
Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft1, Aarhus University2, University of Copenhagen3, University of California, Berkeley4, Polytechnic University of Milan5, Erasmus University Rotterdam6, University of Innsbruck7, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna8, Vienna University of Economics and Business9, Open University10, Copenhagen Business School11, University of Lausanne12, University of Passau13, RMIT University14, University of Manchester15, New York University16, CERN17, University of Gothenburg18, University of Vienna19, Ramon Llull University20, University of Agder21, European School of Management and Technology22, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign23, Imperial College London24, VU University Amsterdam25, Stockholm School of Economics26, University of Nebraska Omaha27
TL;DR: The Open Innovation in Science (OIS) Research Framework as discussed by the authors proposes a framework to capture the antecedents, contingencies, and consequences of open and collaborative practices along the entire process of generating and disseminating scientific insights and translating them into innovation.
Abstract: Openness and collaboration in scientific research are attracting increasing attention from scholars and practitioners alike. However, a common understanding of these phenomena is hindered by disciplinary boundaries and disconnected research streams. We link dispersed knowledge on Open Innovation, Open Science, and related concepts such as Responsible Research and Innovation by proposing a unifying Open Innovation in Science (OIS) Research Framework. This framework captures the antecedents, contingencies, and consequences of open and collaborative practices along the entire process of generating and disseminating scientific insights and translating them into innovation. Moreover, it elucidates individual-, team-, organisation-, field-, and society‐level factors shaping OIS practices. To conceptualise the framework, we employed a collaborative approach involving 47 scholars from multiple disciplines, highlighting both tensions and commonalities between existing approaches. The OIS Research Framework thus serves as a basis for future research, informs policy discussions, and provides guidance to scientists and practitioners.
83 citations
TL;DR: The capitol of Hubei province in China, Wuhan, became the center of an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown cause in December 2019 and this outbreak was the emergence of the novel coronavirus.
Abstract: The capitol of Hubei province in China, Wuhan, became the center of an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown cause in December 2019 [1]. This outbreak of pneumonia was the emergence of the novel coronav...
81 citations
TL;DR: Experimental results and analysis show that MCC is not suitable for classification accuracy measurement on imbalanced datasets.
80 citations
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia1, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center2, Boston Children's Hospital3, Baylor College of Medicine4, Emory University5, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin6, University of Utah7, Seoul National University8, University of Colorado Denver9, Vanderbilt University10, Children's Mercy Hospital11, Medical University of South Carolina12, University of Toronto13, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children14, University of Nebraska Omaha15, National Institutes of Health16, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital17, Seattle Children's18, Riley Hospital for Children19, St. Louis Children's Hospital20, Durham University21, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center22, All Children's Hospital23
TL;DR: In the FUEL trial, treatment with udenafil was not associated with an improvement in oxygen consumption at peak exercise but was associated with improvements in multiple measures of exercise performance at the ventilatory anaerobic threshold.
Abstract: Background: The Fontan operation creates a total cavopulmonary connection, a circulation in which the importance of pulmonary vascular resistance is magnified. Over time, this circulation leads to ...
77 citations
Eötvös Loránd University1, University of Amsterdam2, University of Southern California3, Cardiff University4, Columbia University5, University of Wisconsin-Madison6, Stanford University7, Maastricht University8, Springer Science+Business Media9, Emory University10, University of Melbourne11, University of Victoria12, University of Bristol13, University of New South Wales14, University of California, San Diego15, University College London16, University of Illinois at Chicago17, Tilburg University18, University of Toronto19, University of Lausanne20, Ohio State University21, University of Münster22, University of North Carolina at Charlotte23, University of Texas at Austin24, Old Dominion University25, University of California, Davis26, Georgia Southern University27, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia28, University of Massachusetts Boston29, Michigan State University30, University of Massachusetts Amherst31, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland32, University of Nebraska Omaha33, University of Florence34, University of Missouri35, The College of New Jersey36, Leiden University37, Georgia Institute of Technology38, University of Western Australia39, Carnegie Mellon University40, Radboud University Nijmegen41, University of Zurich42, University of York43, University of Kent44, Case Western Reserve University45, University of Rhode Island46, University of California, Berkeley47, Northeastern University48, Boston College49, University of Miami50, Vanderbilt University51, University of California, San Francisco52, University of Michigan53, North Carolina State University54, University of Cincinnati55
TL;DR: A consensus-based checklist to improve and document the transparency of research reports in social and behavioural research and to submit with their manuscript or post to a public repository is presented.
Abstract: We present a consensus-based checklist to improve and document the transparency of research reports in social and behavioural research. An accompanying online application allows users to complete the form and generate a report that they can submit with their manuscript or post to a public repository.
72 citations
TL;DR: Information-Centric edge is designed and prototype, a general-purpose networking framework that streamlines service invocation and improves the reuse of redundant computation at the edge, resulting in lower task completion times and efficient use of edge computing resources.
Abstract: In today’s era of explosion of Internet of Things (IoT) and end-user devices and their data volume emanating at the network’s edge, the network should be more in-tune with meeting the needs of these demanding edge computing applications. To this end, we design and prototype Information-Centric edge ( ICedge ), a general-purpose networking framework that streamlines service invocation and improves the reuse of redundant computation at the edge. ICedge runs on top of named-data networking, a realization of the information-centric networking vision, and handles the “low-level” network communication on behalf of applications. ICedge features a fully distributed design that: 1) enables users to get seamlessly on-boarded onto an edge network; 2) delivers application invoked tasks to edge nodes for execution in a timely manner; and 3) offers naming abstractions and network-based mechanisms to enable (partial or full) reuse of the results of already executed tasks among users, which we call “compute reuse,” resulting in lower task completion times and efficient use of edge computing resources. Our simulation and testbed deployment results demonstrate that ICedge can achieve up to $50\times $ lower task completion times leveraging its network-based compute reuse mechanism compared to cases, where reuse is not available.
TL;DR: It is found that intergenerational social mobility has been remarkably stable, and in contrast with relative stability in rank-based measures of mobility, absolute mobility for the nonfarm population—the fraction of offspring whose occupational ranks are higher than those of their parents—increased for birth cohorts born prior to 1900 and has fallen for those born after 1940.
Abstract: We make use of newly available data that include roughly 5 million linked household and population records from 1850 to 2015 to document long-term trends in intergenerational social mobility in the United States. Intergenerational mobility declined substantially over the past 150 y, but more slowly than previously thought. Intergenerational occupational rank-rank correlations increased from less than 0.17 to as high as 0.32, but most of this change occurred to Americans born before 1900. After controlling for the relatively high mobility of persons from farm origins, we find that intergenerational social mobility has been remarkably stable. In contrast with relative stability in rank-based measures of mobility, absolute mobility for the nonfarm population-the fraction of offspring whose occupational ranks are higher than those of their parents-increased for birth cohorts born prior to 1900 and has fallen for those born after 1940.
TL;DR: The infectious nature of aerosol collected in this study suggests that airborne transmission of COVID-19 is possible, and that aerosol prevention measures are necessary to effectively stem the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may occur through multiple routes. We collected aerosol samples around six patients admitted into mixed acuity wards in April of 2020 to identify the risk of airborne SARS-CoV-2. Measurements were made to characterize the size distribution of aerosol particles, and size-fractionated, aerosol samples were collected to assess the presence of infectious virus in particles sizes of >4.1 µm, 1-4 µm, and 4.1 µm, 1-4 µm, and
TL;DR: Given the historically contentious relationship between the police and African Americans, the current project examines the extent to which the use of excessive and lethal force by the police affects the lives of African Americans as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Given the historically contentious relationship – including most notably the use of excessive and lethal force – between the police and African Americans, the current project examines the extent to...
TL;DR: This paper positions citizen science as a leading information quality research frontier and shows how citizen science opens a unique opportunity for the information systems community to contribute to a broad range of disciplines in natural and social sciences and humanities.
Abstract: The rapid proliferation of online content producing and sharing technologies resulted in an explosion of user-generated content (UGC), which now extends to scientific data. Citizen science, in which ordinary people contribute information for scientific research, epitomizes UGC. Citizen science projects are typically open to everyone, engage diverse audiences, and challenge ordinary people to produce data of highest quality to be usable in science. This also makes citizen science a very exciting area to study both traditional and innovative approaches to information quality management. With this paper we position citizen science as a leading information quality research frontier. We also show how citizen science opens a unique opportunity for the information systems community to contribute to a broad range of disciplines in natural and social sciences and humanities.
TL;DR: A unified CAF classification based on specific functions to develop a new class of therapies that will focus on targeting the pro-tumorigenic properties of CAFs during tumor progression and address the remarkable degree of functional diversity and phenotypic plasticity displayed by CAFs.
Abstract: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are indispensable architects of the tumor microenvironment. They perform the essential functions of extracellular matrix deposition, stromal remodeling, tumor vasculature modulation, modification of tumor metabolism, and participation in crosstalk between cancer and immune cells. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the principal differences between normal fibroblasts and CAFs, the origin of CAFs, their functions, and ultimately, highlight the intimate connection of CAFs to virtually all of the hallmarks of cancer. We address the remarkable degree of functional diversity and phenotypic plasticity displayed by CAFs and strive to stratify CAF biology among different tumor types into practical functional groups. Finally, we summarize the status of recent and ongoing trials of CAF-directed therapies and contend that the paucity of trials resulting in Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals thus far is a consequence of the failure to identify targets exclusive of pro-tumorigenic CAF phenotypes that are mechanistically linked to specific CAF functions. We believe that the development of a unified CAF nomenclature, the standardization of functional assays to assess the loss-of-function of CAF properties, and the establishment of rigorous definitions of CAF subpopulations and their mechanistic functions in cancer progression will be crucial to fully realize the promise of CAF-targeted therapies.
TL;DR: Copper destroys the replication and propagation abilities of SARS-CoV, influenza and other respiratory viruses, having high potential disinfection in hospitals, communities, and households.
TL;DR: This work suggests that determining which approach is ideal for a predictive planning approach versus a more adaptive and flexible strategic approach is a critical issue for managers.
Abstract: Managers face a critical issue in deciding when to employ a predictive planning approach versus a more adaptive and flexible strategic approach. We suggest that determining which approach is ideal ...
Saint Louis University1, University of Nebraska Omaha2, University of Alabama3, University of Michigan4, Georgetown University5, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics6, Drexel University7, University of Chicago8, Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis9, Hennepin County Medical Center10, University of Iowa11
TL;DR: As LDKT resumes, all programs will screen for COVID-19, although timeframe and modalities vary and recommendations for pre-surgical self-quarantine are also variable.
TL;DR: New Zealand's response to the COVID-19 pandemic was based on best practices in emergency management research and several preliminary lessons emerged from the country's response that could be adapted for other settings as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Although the full impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is yet to be realized, New Zealand has suffered comparatively less than other countries, and there were no active cases in the country by June 8, 2020. Building from best practices in emergency management research, several preliminary lessons emerge from the country’s response to the crisis that could be adapted for other settings. In particular, the government acted early and decisively, developed national unity to combat the virus, communicated effectively with the public, and adapted to changing circumstances, especially to address shortcomings in the response. These preliminary lessons provide some guidance in how to effectively respond to the virus through proactive, evidence-based, well-communicated policies.
TL;DR: The results of the systematic review with meta-analysis indicate that supplementary interventions through telehealth may have a positive impact on quality of life compared with in-person usual care.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the effect of telehealth interventions to usual care for cancer survivors' quality of life. A comprehensive search of four different databases was conducted. Manuscripts were included if they assessed telehealth interventions and usual care for adult cancer survivors and reported a measure of quality of life. Pooled random effects models were used to calculate overall mean effects for quality of life pre- and post-intervention. Eleven articles fit all systematic review and meta-analysis criteria. Initial analyses indicated that telehealth interventions demonstrated large improvements compared with usual care in quality of life measures (Δ = 0.750, p = 0.007), albeit with substantial heterogeneity. Upon further analysis and outlier removal, telehealth interventions demonstrated significant improvements in quality of life compared with usual care (Δ = 0.141-0.144, p < 0.05). The results of the systematic review with meta-analysis indicate that supplementary interventions through telehealth may have a positive impact on quality of life compared with in-person usual care.
TL;DR: To evaluate patterns of elevations of isotypes of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) pre–rheumatoids arthritis (RA) diagnosis and post–RA diagnosis, a large number of patients with RA are diagnosed with RA.
Abstract: Objective To evaluate patterns of elevations of isotypes of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) pre-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosis and post-RA diagnosis. Methods Using the Department of Defense Serum Repository we identified 214 RA cases and 210 matched controls. Up to 3 pre-RA diagnosis and 1 post-RA diagnosis serum samples per subject were tested for RF and for IgA, IgG, and IgM ACPAs. The timing and trajectories of elevations of autoantibodies were evaluated. Results Autoantibody levels were elevated in cases versus controls a mean of 17.9 years before RA diagnosis for IgG ACPA, 14.2 years for IgA-RF, 7.2 years for IgM-RF, 6.2 years for IgA ACPA, and 5.0 years for both IgM ACPA and IgG-RF (P 2 years post-RA diagnosis; P = 0.04). All autoantibody levels demonstrated an early initial elevation, a period of stability, then an increase immediately before RA diagnosis. A pre-RA endotype of early elevation of autoantibodies was associated with increased use of biologic therapy, and a higher prevalence of sicca symptoms and lung disease post-RA diagnosis. Conclusion Differences in patterns of elevations of autoantibody isotypes have implications for understanding the pathophysiology of RA development. These include understanding what factors drive initial autoantibody elevations compared to what factors (including mucosal) drive later increases in autoantibody levels and a transition to clinically apparent RA, and how pre-RA endotypes may influence post-RA diagnosis phenotypes.
San Francisco VA Medical Center1, University of California, San Francisco2, University of California, Los Angeles3, University of Toronto4, University of Washington5, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center6, University of Nebraska Omaha7, Veterans Health Administration8, University of Pennsylvania9, University of Utah10, University of Melbourne11, Indiana University12
TL;DR: This comparative effectiveness study describes the analytical strategy, methods, and results of a target trial emulation examining cohorts of US veterans with carotid stenosis.
Abstract: Importance Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) among asymptomatic patients involves a trade-off between a higher short-term perioperative risk in exchange for a lower long-term risk of stroke. The clinical benefit observed in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) may not extend to real-world practice. Objective To examine whether early intervention (CEA) was superior to initial medical therapy in real-world practice in preventing fatal and nonfatal strokes among patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Design, Setting, and Participants This comparative effectiveness study was conducted from August 28, 2018, to March 2, 2020, using the Corporate Data Warehouse, Suicide Data Repository, and other databases of the US Department of Veterans Affairs. Data analyzed were those of veterans of the US Armed Forces aged 65 years or older who received carotid imaging between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2009. Patients without a carotid imaging report, those with carotid stenosis of less than 50% or hemodynamically insignificant stenosis, and those with a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack in the 6 months before index imaging were excluded. A cohort of patients who received initial medical therapy and a cohort of similar patients who received CEA were constructed and followed up for 5 years. The target trial method was used to compute weighted Kaplan-Meier curves and estimate the risk of fatal and nonfatal strokes in each cohort in the pragmatic sample across 5 years of follow-up. This analysis was repeated after restricting the sample to patients who met RCT inclusion criteria. Cumulative incidence functions for fatal and nonfatal strokes were estimated, accounting for nonstroke deaths as competing risks in both the pragmatic and RCT-like samples. Exposures Receipt of CEA vs initial medical therapy. Main Outcomes and Measures Fatal and nonfatal strokes. Results Of the total 5221 patients, 2712 (51.9%; mean [SD] age, 73.6 [6.0] years; 2678 men [98.8%]) received CEA and 2509 (48.1%; mean [SD] age, 73.6 [6.0] years; 2479 men [98.8%]) received initial medical therapy within 1 year after the index carotid imaging. The observed rate of stroke or death (perioperative complications) within 30 days in the CEA cohort was 2.5% (95% CI, 2.0%-3.1%). The 5-year risk of fatal and nonfatal strokes was lower among patients randomized to CEA compared with patients randomized to initial medical therapy (5.6% vs 7.8%; risk difference, −2.3%; 95% CI, −4.0% to −0.3%). In an analysis that incorporated the competing risk of death, the risk difference between the 2 cohorts was lower and not statistically significant (risk difference, −0.8%; 95% CI, −2.1% to 0.5%). Among patients who met RCT inclusion criteria, the 5-year risk of fatal and nonfatal strokes was 5.5% (95% CI, 4.5%-6.5%) among patients randomized to CEA and was 7.6% (95% CI, 5.7%-9.5%) among those randomized to initial medical therapy (risk difference, −2.1%; 95% CI, −4.4% to −0.2%). Accounting for competing risks resulted in a risk difference of −0.9% (95% CI, −2.9% to 0.7%) that was not statistically significant. Conclusions and Relevance This study found that the absolute reduction in the risk of fatal and nonfatal strokes associated with early CEA was less than half the risk difference in trials from 20 years ago and was no longer statistically significant when the competing risk of nonstroke deaths was accounted for in the analysis. Given the nonnegligible perioperative 30-day risks and the improvements in stroke prevention, medical therapy may be an acceptable therapeutic strategy.
TL;DR: Measures characterizing mobility impairments differ for MS versus PD during daily life suggesting that mobility measures for clinical trials and clinical practice need to be specific to each neurological disorder.
Abstract: Clinical trials need to specify which specific gait characteristics to monitor as mobility measures for each neurological disorder. As a first step, this study aimed to investigate a set of measures from daily-life monitoring that best discriminate mobility between people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and age-matched healthy control subjects (MS-Ctl) and between people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and age-matched healthy control subjects (PD-Ctl). Further, we investigated how these discriminative measures relate to the disease severity of MS or PD. We recruited 13 people with MS, 21 MS-Ctl, 29 people with idiopathic PD, and 20 PD-Ctl. Subjects wore 3 inertial sensors on their feet and the lumbar back for a week. The Area Under Curves (AUC) from the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) plot was calculated for each measure to determine the objective measures that best separated the MS and PD groups from their respective control cohorts. Adherence wearing the sensors was similar among groups for 58–66 h of recording (p = 0.14). Quantity of mobility (activity measures, such as a median number of strides per gait bout, AUC = 0.93) best discriminated mobility impairments in MS from MS-Ctl. In contrast, quality of mobility (such as turn angle, AUC = 0.90) best discriminated mobility impairments in PD from PD-Ctl. Mobility measures with AUC > 0.80 were correlated with MS and PD clinical scores of disease severity. Thus, measures characterizing mobility impairments differ for MS versus PD during daily life suggesting that mobility measures for clinical trials and clinical practice need to be specific to each neurological disorder.
TL;DR: Characterization of mechanical, physiological, and structural features in human aortas of different ages can help understand aortic pathology, inform the development of animal models that simulate human aging, and assist with designing devices for open and endovascular aorta repairs.
01 Dec 2020
TL;DR: Air quality during the partial lockdown of Shanghai, the largest city in China, and the broader Yangtze River Delta region was evaluated, finding that daily concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO during the lockdown period were reduced by 9%, 77%, 31.3%, 60.4%, and 3% respectively compared to the same period in 2019.
Abstract: COVID-2019 (COronaVIrus Disease 2019), discovered at the end of December 2019, has spread around the world, becoming a pandemic. To prevent its spread, many governments implemented strict lockdown measures, including the closure of factories and limitations on travel. These measures led to a decrease in human activity, affecting air pollutant emissions. This study evaluates air quality during the partial lockdown of Shanghai, the largest city in China, and the broader Yangtze River Delta region. It was found that daily concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO during the lockdown period were reduced by 9%, 77%, 31.3%, 60.4%, and 3% respectively, compared to the same period in 2019. Even with decreasing concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10, the overall values are still more than four times higher for the lockdown period than the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends for safe concentrations (10 μg/m3 and 20 μg/m3). This indicates the existence of other background sources that continue to make a significant contribution to air pollution in the region even with severe reductions in human activity. This study may be used to guide environmental policy, as it demonstrates to what extent the control of pollution sources can improve air quality.
TL;DR: An ICN-capable RAN architecture for 5G edge computing environments that offers device to device communication and ICN application layer support at base stations is proposed and a content prefetching strategy based on ICN naming is provided.
TL;DR: All countries and governments should be more tolerant to each other in seeking cultural and political consensus to overcome this historically tragic pandemic together.
Abstract: The outbreak of COVID-19 seriously challenges every government with regard to capacity and management of public health systems facing the catastrophic emergency. Culture and anti-epidemic policy do not necessarily conflict with each other. All countries and governments should be more tolerant to each other in seeking cultural and political consensus to overcome this historically tragic pandemic together.