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Showing papers by "University of Nevada, Reno published in 1982"



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A bioassay was developed to test the species-recognition hypothesis and the experimental results supporting the hypothesis suggest that cuticular hydrocarbons might serve as species- and caste- Recognition cues.
Abstract: The cuticular hydrocarbon components of four castes ofReticulitermes virginicus (Banks) have been identified and quantitated. Components identified includen-alkanes; 2-, 3-, 11-, 13-, and 15-methyl-alkanes; 11,15-dimethylalkanes, (Z)-9-alkenes; (Z,Z)-7,9-dienes; and (E/Z)-6,9-dienes ranging in carbon number from C21 to C40. All caste forms ofR.virginicus contained the same components, but showed caste-specific proportions. Comparison of these hydrocarbons with those of the sympatric termiteR. flavipes (Kollar) suggest that cuticular hydrocarbons might serve as species- and caste-recognition cues. A bioassay was developed to test this species-recognition hypothesis, with the experimental results supporting the hypothesis.

160 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a five-span, four-hundred-foot reinforced concrete box girder birdge supported on single column piers that are pile-founded was subjected to extensive dynamic tests.
Abstract: A five-span, four-hundred-foot long, reinforced concrete box girder birdge supported on single column piers that are pile-founded was subjected to extensive dynamic tests. The pullback and quick-release method of excitation was used. Two D-8 crawler tractors were used to apply total release loads that had a magnitude of about one-quarter of the earthquke design loads. The transverse mode shapes and natural frequencies obtained from these tests were used in conjunction with the system identification procedure outlined herein. By using these techniques, it is possible to identify the in situ dynamic stiffnesses of the pier foundations as well as the abutment structures. In addition, the dynamic bending and shear stiffness factors for the superstructure deck were also obtained. Thus, carefully conducted dynamic tests of full-scale highway bridges provide detailed information about the structure. At the same time, they shed much experimental light on the soil-structure interaction aspects of the problem, which in many cases greatly affects the distribution of seismic loads in bridges.

156 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The de novo biosynthesis of linoleic acid was demonstrated in the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, the termite, Zootermopsis angusticollis and the cricket and it was demonstrated that radioactivity was incorporated into the fragments containing carbons 1–9 and 13–18, suggesting that the entire molecule was labelled.

104 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The archetype food supplement user was likely to be a young female with some college education, who believes that the nutritional quality of food has decreased in the last 10 yr and in the efficacy of supplements for disease prevention or cure, and primarily receives information concerning food and nutrition from books and health food stores.

89 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, per-cutting yields and annual yields from four cuttings were collected over six consecutive years for alfalfa grown on three lysimeters Corresponding evapotranspiration was obtained from weekly water balances.
Abstract: Data of per-cutting yields and annual yields from four cuttings were collected over six consecutive years for alfalfa grown on three lysimeters Corresponding evapotranspiration was obtained from weekly water balances Differences in water management created a range of conditions from water for annual yields of 10 ton/acre (224 ko m - ²) to 50% yield reductions caused by inadequate soil moisture required to satisfy evapotranspiration demands Yield and water use efficiency, both annual and per-cutting data, were compared in correlation tests with their corresponding amounts of evapotranspiration Annual and per-cutting yields were found to be statistically proportional to their evapotranspiration Annual water use efficiency was not statistically significant with annual evapotranspiration Although a questionable percentage of the data explained the variance, water use efficiency per cutting and evapotranspiration per cutting had a statistically significant negative correlation

78 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings indicate that the elderly have a number of erroneous beliefs about the efficacy of food supplements, and Nutrition education is needed to demonstrate the relationship between adequate diet, good health, and appropriate versus inappropriate food supplement consumption.
Abstract: A variety of food supplements were taken by 66 percent of the elderly persons in this study. Ascorbic acid and vitamin E were the most popular choices. Some supplements may have improved nutritional status, while others were probably inappropriate or unnecessary. The findings indicate that the elderly have a number of erroneous beliefs about the efficacy of food supplements. Reasons for supplementation were often inappropriate, and unreliable sources of information were used. In addition, substantial amounts of money were spent on food supplements by those already existing on a limited budget. Nutrition education is needed to demonstrate the relationship between adequate diet, good health, and appropriate versus inappropriate food supplement consumption.

65 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented the findings of a study which examined the business ethics of college students and utilized a series of ten vignettes which posed five different types of ethical problems.
Abstract: This paper presents the findings of a study which examined the business ethics of college students. The study utilized a series of ten vignettes which posed five different types of ethical problems. The responses were analyzed to determine student values.

62 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Analysis of the surface constituents of a pyocin 611 131-resistant variant of strain no.
Abstract: Analysis of the surface constituents of a pyocin 611 131-resistant variant of strain no. JW-31 of Neisseria gonorrhoeae revealed substantial differences in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) but not changes in the auxotype or outer-membrane proteins. Immunodiffusion and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the variant strain (no. JW-31R) lost both the LPS serotype and the variable antigens while retaining at least a portion of the common determinant. The use of monoclonal antibody indicated that LPSs from strain no. JW-31R and pyocin 611 131-resistant strains of other LPS serotypes lack a D-galactosaminyl-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose moiety. The LPS-derived polysaccharide from strain no. JW-31 binds to wheat-germ lectin in precipitin and inhibition systems, whereas the JW-31R polysaccharide exhibits a markedly reduced affinity. In the presence of normal human serum, 99% of strain no. JW-31R was killed within 20 min and strain no. JW-31 was not.

55 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Information on the simple salt dependence of coil permeability to solvent and on short‐range intrachain interactions (persistence length) was obtained and results are consistent with a partially draining coil in the Gaussian subchain dynamical theory of Rouse‐Zimm‐Tschoegl‐Bloomfield.
Abstract: We have determined extinction angles and flow birefringence of T7 bacteriophage DNA over a wide range of shear, polymer concentration, and solvent ionic strength. From these data, information on the simple salt dependence of coil permeability to solvent and on short-range intrachain interactions (persistence length) was obtained. At all ionic strengths, our results are consistent with a partially draining coil in the Gaussian subchain dynamical theory of Rouse-Zimm-Tschoegl-Bloomfield. Salt dependence of persistence length is comparable to, although somewhat less than, that obtained previously using similar methods with a fivefold higher-molecular-weight DNA (T2 bacteriophage DNA). Possible reasons for observed discrepancies are analyzed, and the results of this work are compared in detail to other current studies of solvent ionic strength dependence in persistence length and hydrodynamic properties of DNA.

54 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 1982-Chest
TL;DR: It is concluded that pericardial involvement is common in FMF and that its occurrence as detected by echocardiography increases with duration of illness.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the region of Huancavelica, Julcani, and Lircay, lower Miocene rocks lie on folded strata of pre-Cenozoic age; the absence of units of Eocene and early Oligocene age indicates that this area remained positive after Incaic deformation in Eocene time as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: New radiometric ages on tuffs from south-central Peru support the postulated flare-up of volcanic activity during early Miocene time. In the region of Huancavelica, Julcani, and Lircay, lower Miocene rocks lie on folded strata of pre-Cenozoic age; the absence of units of Eocene and early Oligocene age indicates that this area remained positive after Incaic deformation in Eocene time. Conglomerate beds reflecting erosion attendant on the first pulse of late Cenozoic (Quechuan) compressive deformation do not appear in the stratigraphic record until after 21.5 m.y. B.P. In one section, beds of coarse conglomerate are underlain by tuff dated at 18.3 ± 0.6 m.y. and overlain by tuff dated at 17.3 ± 0.2 m.y. At another locality, beds of conglomerate conformably overlie tuff dated at 19.6 ± 0.8 m.y. If we incorporate published data from other areas in central and southern Peru, it appears that Quechuan deformation began in early Miocene time between 19.5 and 17 m.y. ago. A firm age for the end of the first pulse of Quechuan deformation in this region is provided by an ash-flow sheet dated at 12 to 12.5 m.y. that unconformably overlies strata of Eocene to early Miocene age.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest the presence of an acylthioesterase in the aphid which releases the growing acyl chain from the FAS when it reaches 14 carbons, and is preferentially incorporated into myristate at low ionic stengths and into 16- and 18-carbon fatty acids at high ionic strengths.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a simple reinforced concrete specimen is studied using five different hysteresis models: the Takeda, elasto-plastic, bilinear, Clough, and the Q-hyst model.
Abstract: Nonlinear dynamic response of a simple reinforced concrete specimen is studied using five different hysteresis models: the Takeda, elasto-plastic, bilinear, Clough, and the Q-hyst model. These models range from simple but unrealistic (the elasto-plastic model) to complicated but realistic (the Takeda model). The Takeda model is used as the basis to evaluate the other models, and to explain the influence of different features used in each model. It is shown that stiffness degradation effects associated with unloading and load-reversal stages had a substantial effect on the amplitudes, waveform, and frequency content of displacement response history of the specimen studied. It is further shown that the Q-hyst model, which takes degrading effects into account while it is simple, resulted in a response history which was in excellent agreement with that obtained using the Takeda model.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In laboratory feeding trials, the feeding behavior and selectivity of the cichlid, Sarotherodon galilaeum, for zooplankton prey from Lake Kinneret, Israel, was analyzed and it was found that particulate-feeding fish were size selective and had highest feeding electivities for large-sized zoopLankton species.
Abstract: In laboratory feeding trials, we analyzed the feeding behavior and selectivity of the cichlid, Sarotherodon galilaeum, for zooplankton prey from Lake Kinneret, Israel. The feeding behavior was dependent on fish size. Fish less than 20 mm SL fed on zooplankton as obligate particulate feeders. Fish from 20 to 42 mm SL fed either as particulate feeders or as filter feeders. Fish larger than 62 mm SL fed as obligate filter feeders. Particulate-feeding fish were size selective and had highest feeding electivities for large-sized zooplankton species. Filter-feeding fish had highest feeding electivities for zooplankton species with poor escape ability. In general, S. galilaeum predation pressure would be greatest on Ceriodaphnia reticulata, a large-bodied and easily captured species which is selected by both particulate-feeding and filter-feeding fish.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The primary site of sex pheromone biosynthesis in the female housefly is the abdominal integument tissue, whereas the contribution of the legs is relatively minor.
Abstract: The primary site of sex pheromone biosynthesis in the female housefly is the abdominal integument tissue, whereas the contribution of the legs is relatively minor. A substantial portion of the sex pheromone components are, however, transferred from the abdomen to the legs, probably as a result of grooming.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Dec 1982-Genetics
TL;DR: Observations indicate that nonproximal heterochromatin does not exert control over the sequence in which the centromeres in the genome separate and appears that qualitative differences among various types of constitutive heterochromeatin are as important as quantitative differences in controlling the separation of centromres.
Abstract: The late metaphase-early anaphase cells from various tissues of male Mus musculus, M. poschiavinus, M. spretus, M. castaneus, female and male Bos taurus (cattle) and female Myopus schisticolor (wood lemming) were analyzed for centromeres that showed separation into two daughter centromeres and those that did not show such separation. In all strains and species of mouse the Y chromosome is the first one to separate, as is the X or Y in the cattle. These sex chromosomes are devoid of constitutive heterochromatin, whereas all autosomes in these species carry detectable quantities. In cattle, the late replicating X chromosome appears to separate later than the active X. In the wood lemming the three pairs of autosomes with the least amount of centromeric constitutive heterochromatin separate first. These are followed by the separation of seven pairs of autosomes carrying medium amounts of constitutive heterochromatin. Five pairs of autosomes with the largest amounts of constitutive heterochromatin are the last in the sequence of separation. The sex chromosomes with medium amounts of constitutive heterochromatin around the centromere, and a very large amount of distal heterochromatin, separate among the very late ones but are not the last. These observations assign a specific role to centromeric constitutive heterochromatin and also indicate that nonproximal heterochromatin does not exert control over the sequence in which the centromeres in the genome separate. It appears that qualitative differences among various types of constitutive heterochromatin are as important as quantitative differences in controlling the separation of centromeres.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: CNQ promoted dose-dependent large-amplitude swelling of mitochondria that was osmotic in nature, cation nonspecific, non-energy linked, and oxygen dependent and the role of O 2 −, H 2 O 2 , and peroxidation in the mitochondrial swelling induced by CNQ was discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) spot test is suggested as a preliminary screening test for environmental mutagens and studies carried out with a host of chemical and physical agents lend support to the idea that the soybean system can distinguish between several genetic mechanisms underlying the formation of spots.
Abstract: The soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill) spot test is suggested as a preliminary screening test for environmental mutagens. This system makes use of various types of spots that originate from the treatment of seeds or seedlings with mutagens. The homozygous dominant y11y11 dark green leaves may show light green and very dark green spots; the heterozygous y11y11 light green leaves may show dark green, yellow or twin spots; and the homozygous recessive y11y11 yellow leaves show light green receptors. The interpretation is that twin spots on the y11y11 leaves originate from somatic crossing-over, and the singles originate primarily from losses or gains of the segments or chromosome carrying the gene y11 or y11. The yellow plants (y11y11) can produce light green sectors if y11 mutates to y11. Studies carried out with a host of chemical and physical agents lend support to the idea that the soybean system can distinguish between several genetic mechanisms underlying the formation of spots. Spots are detected against their native genetic and phenotype background, thus minimizing the effects due to physiological changes. The system is rapid (4-5 weeks per chemical), inexpensive, and involves an eukaryotic organism. It has the advantage of being adaptable for liquid solutions of chemicals, solid wastes, emulsions of chemicals (e.g., in lanolin), and gaseous products.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Long chain acyl-CoA desaturase activity has been characterized in a microsomal fraction from the adult housefly, Musca domestica, and it is shown that females did not synthesize large amounts of alkene after day two, and the correlation with desatur enzyme activity was not as strong.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A general acceptance of unambiguous diagnostic categories relative to abnormal metabolism of glucose in pregnancy is needed and standardization of the assay used for plasma glucose in the fasting state and after a glucose challenge is standardization.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Papillomas of the larynx are discussed, including the use of lasers, and suction of the vapor plume recommended when removing laryngeal papillomas with the argon laser and Argon lasers' differences from CO2 lasers are outlined.
Abstract: Papillomas of the larynx are discussed, including the use of lasers. Argon lasers' differences from CO2 lasers and techniques are outlined. Case reports are given in which laryngeal papillomas were removed from two patients with the argon laser and examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and stereoscanning electron microscopy (SSEM). The depth and width of morphological changes are noted. Peripheral to the laser impact site, four zones were observed: 1. coagulation necrosis, 2. contracted epithelial cells, 3. minimally damaged epithelial cells, and 4. morphologically undamaged epithelial cells. In Zone 2, cells were violently popped-off as heat was conducted through the epithelium. The potential for spread of papillomas was discussed and suction of the vapor plume recommended when removing laryngeal papillomas with the argon laser.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The response to exogenously applied glutamate (the putative neurotransmitter) was not affected by OHP, 150 PSIG helium or 100% oxygen at ambient pressure, which indicates a presynaptic site of action.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Various blood indices in the Panamint kangaroo rat revealed seasonal fluctuations that may reveal a rapid rate of red blood cell destruction during winter in combination with a change in diet, concomitant to this, is an increase in mean cell hemoglobin of the surviving red blood cells.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Use of synthetic laminaria tents appears practicable for the following reasons: clinically significant dilatation and softening occurred with overnight use, side effects were minimal, and relatively short use lessens possibilities for infection, and the small dose of magnesium sulfate appears safe.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results of a diallel analysis of Hereford-Red Pool matings indicated that maternal influence of the Red Poll breed was superior to Herefords for body weight up to 24 mo of age and incidence of puberty at 11.5 mo.
Abstract: Puberty traits of straightbred and crossbred heifers (n = 301) were evaluated under pasture conditions. Breed groups represented were straightbred Hereford and Red Poll, reciprocal crosses of these two breeds, Angus X Hereford, Angus X Charolais-Cross, Brahman X Hereford and Brahman X Angus. Breed group was an important (P less than .01) source of variation in heifer weights and in age at puberty. Straight-bred Red Poll and Red Poll cross heifers were youngest at puberty, Angus X Hereford and Angus X Charolais-Cross were intermediate, and straightbred Hereford and Brahman crosses were oldest at the onset of puberty. At the beginning of their first mating season at 19.5 mo of age, 96% of the straightbred Red Polls, 95% of Red Poll crosses, 81% of Angus X Herefords, 89% of Angus X Charolais-Crosses, 68% of straightbred Herefords, 48% of Brahman X Herefords and 74% of the Brahman X Angus had attained puberty. Results of a diallel analysis of Hereford-Red Pool matings indicated that maternal influence of the Red Poll breed was superior (P less than .01) to Herefords for body weight up to 24 mo of age and incidence of puberty at 11.5 mo. Red Polls also exceeded Herefords in direct effects for puberty percentage at 11.5, 15 and 19.5 mo of age. Heterosis was significant for puberty percentage and weight. Breed group differences in pregnancy rate at 24 mo were not significantly.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: With several notable exceptions, photoproducts are generally less stable to environmental forces and less toxic than the parent pesticide, at least to the target organism.
Abstract: As with the parent pesticide, the significance of a pesticide photoproduct depends on its concentration in a given environmental compartment, its toxicity, and exposure of the organism or ecosystem of interest. This requires an understanding of the production and environmental chemistry of each photoproduct as well as its toxicity. While these data are generally available for the parent pesticide, they are rarely determined in detail for the photoproducts. Although the environmental photochemistry of each pesticide is different, some generalizations can be made. Photochemical oxidations, reductions, hydrolytic reactions, and isomerizations often generate products identical to those of metabolic and nonbiological transformations. The chemistry and environmental stability of each individual photoproduct can be substantially different from those of the original pesticide and other products. With several notable exceptions, however, photoproducts are generally less stable to environmental forces and less toxic than the parent pesticide, at least to the target organism. A most significant exception is the P = S to P = O conversion in the organophosphorus insecticides. This sunlight promoted reaction is important in treated fields and has been implicated as a cause of injury to farmworkers.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: DNA can serve a protective role in the elimination of captan's action and the fidelity with which DNa polymerase I copies the DNA template also is not altered by captan treatment.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The field of home economics was founded upon a philosophy of conducting research with colleagues from other disciplines toward the goal of improving family life as discussed by the authors, and it is suggested that home economics ought to take the lead in the development of a holistic research methodology because: (1) it is built upon a philosophical foundation for the study of interrelationships; (2) it has a history of addressing pragmatic problems; (3) it had a nucleus of experienced researchers; and (4) a conceptual orientation and structure for interdisciplinary research.
Abstract: The field of home economics was founded upon a philosophy of conducting research with colleagues from other disciplines toward the goal of improving family life. Over the years, the development of specialized areas contributed to the specificity of problems addressed by home economics researchers, and we have failed to see the most obvious connections that ought to be made between and among the various fields within home economics itself. It is suggested here that home economics ought to take the lead in the development of a holistic research methodology because: (1) it is built upon a philosophical foundation for the study of interrelationships; (2) it has a history of addressing pragmatic problems; (3) it has a nucleus of experienced researchers; and (4) it has a conceptual orientation and structure for interdisciplinary research. The challenges to cooperative research approaches are presented, along with an explanation of the potential benefits and rewards.