Showing papers by "University of Nevada, Reno published in 1984"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors classify responses of managers to a series of vignettes according to the ethical theory represented by the response, and represent ethical dilemmas in the following areas: (I) coercion and control, (II) conflict of interest, (III) physical environment, (IV) paternalism, and (V) personal integrity.
Abstract: Ethical theory is linked to management behavior by classifying responses of managers to a series of vignettes according to the ethical theory represented by the response. The vignettes represent ethical dilemmas in the following areas: (I) coercion and control, (2) conflict of interest, (3) physical environment, (4) paternalism, and (5) personal integrity.
419 citations
TL;DR: Cell lines of Medicago sativa selected for resistance to the toxin(s) produced by Fusarium oxysporum f.
148 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that EMT6 cell kill caused by photoactivated hypericin is mediated by an oxygen‐dependent mechanism, rather than by a type I oxygen‐independent mechanism.
Abstract: The photodynamic effect of hypericin on EMT6 mouse mammary carcinoma cells was investigated in vitro under aerobic and hypoxic conditions. Under aerobic conditions, hypericin-induced photocytotoxicity was dose dependent within a 1–50 μM range. Under hypoxic conditions, cells were resistant to hypericin-induced phototoxicity. In the dark, no cytotoxicity was observed at any hypericin concentration tested either aerobically or hypoxically. Cellular accumulation of hypericin, examined by chemical extraction and spectroscopy, occurred under both hypoxic and aerobic conditions. Fluorescence photomicrographs of cells exposed to hypericin corroborate drug uptake in the plasma membrane and subcellular regions. Our results demonstrate that hypericin cytotoxicity to EMT6 mouse mammary carcinoma cells in vitro is both light and oxygen-dependent. These results suggest that EMT6 cell kill caused by photoactivated hypericin is mediated by an oxygen-dependent mechanism, rather than by a type I oxygen-independent mechanism.
125 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used seismic data from 281 small earthquakes recorded near the southern edge of Long Valley caldera at depths from 1 to 15 km to map the subsurface geometry of shear wave attenuating bodies.
Abstract: Recordings of 281 small earthquakes which occurred recently near the southern edge of Long Valley caldera at depths from 1 to 15 km are used to map the subsurface geometry of shear wave attenuating bodies in the caldera. Signatures of these events recorded northwest, north, northeast, and east of Long Valley with ray paths through the caldera are often anomalous in that S wave arrivals have very low amplitudes, and high frequency P and S wave energy is missing for the same station-event combinations. The volcanic and geothermal history of the region suggests that ray paths for these anomalous signals have passed through magma which absorbed much of the S wave energy and also attenuated the higher frequencies. With over 1200 normal and anomalous ray paths through the caldera we have located two apparently massive magma bodies in the central and northwest caldera as well as two more dispersed magma areas in the southern caldera and beneath Crowley Lake. The central magma body extends from 4.5 to at least 13 km beneath the surface, and the northwest body is as shallow as 5.5 km. These two magma bodies are probably connected below about 8 km. Secondary arrivals seen on select seismograms are tentatively interpreted as reverberations inside the central magma chamber and are consistent with the interpreted lateral extent of the magma. The northwest and central magma bodies lie beneath the northwest and southeast corners of the caldera's resurgent dome and probably connect beneath the dome's center. Also the shallower parts of these magma bodies and the southern anomalous area lie beneath the surface expression of the medial graben faults suggesting that structural features seen at the surface of the valley may be related to magma location at depth.
117 citations
TL;DR: The Nevadan orogeny was a very short-lived event in the Late Jurassic that involved the deformation of a great variety of rock types and Paleozoic and Mesozoic terranes throughout the extent of the Sierra Nevada as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Nevadan orogeny was a very short-lived event in the Late Jurassic that involved the deformation of a great variety of rock types and Paleozoic and Mesozoic terranes throughout the extent of the Sierra Nevada. The Nevadan structures show great variation in style but relatively constant orientations. These relations can be explained by considering the prior histories of the various terranes. Slaty cleavages and tight folds are the characteristic main-phase structures in the western belt of Jurassic island-arc volcanic rocks and flysch-type sedimentary rocks. A strip of phyllites and greenschists along the eastern edge of the belt apparently represents similar Jurassic rocks that were deformed and metamorphosed at greater depths, probably during underthrusting of the western belt beneath the central belt. The central belt of Paleozoic metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks shows the most extreme variation in style of main-phase structures, from weak, spaced to crenulation cleavages in the south, where polyphase deformed rocks formed a structural basement, to slaty and phyllitic cleavages and asymmetric to isoclinal folds in the north, where most of the Paleozoic basement rocks lack penetrative pre-Nevadan fabrics. Eastward-directed thrust faulting apparently was important only in the northern part of the range, where main-phase deformation was most intense. The eastern belt of Jurassic and Triassic magmatic arc-volcanic and sedimentary rocks defines the core of a major synclinorium, and the rocks contain penetrative slaty cleavages and asymmetric, tight to isoclinal folds. A late phase of Nevadan structures, consisting of northeast-trending cleavages and minor folds, also shows a marked variation in style, from relatively intensely developed in the north to very weakly developed in the south. The regional extent and geometry of the Nevadan structures indicate that the Nevadan orogeny involved underthrusting of island-arc rocks on the west and significant crustal shortening in the central and eastern belts. These features suggest that the Nevadan orogeny resulted from the collision of the island arc (western belt) with an andean-type arc (eastern belt) situated at the western edge of North America.
107 citations
TL;DR: A terrestrial plant is reported on, Stylites andicola, which lacks stomata and is unable to exchange gas with the aerial atmosphere, but derives nearly all of its photosynthetic carbon through its roots.
Abstract: Photosynthetic organs of most higher plants normally have access to atmospheric CO2 through stomatal pores which also serve as variable valves to control the loss of H2O vapour which accompanies CO2 uptake1. The acquisition of stomata is commonly thought to have been a crucial development permitting ‘conquest’ of land and direct access of plants to atmospheric CO2. Only in desert stem succulents during drought do stomata remain so tightly closed in the light that the photosynthetic tissues are dependent on internal CO2 generated through the photosynthetic pathway known as crassulacean acid metabolism2. Functional stomata are absent in submerged aquatic plants and in non-vascular land plants (for example, mosses) which are normally covered by a water film. Although it is now clearly established that some aquatic plants assimilate large amounts of CO2 from the sediment via roots3–5, terrestrial plants are thought to assimilate only insignificant amounts of CO2 via this path6. Here we report on a terrestrial plant, Stylites andicola, which lacks stomata and is unable to exchange gas with the aerial atmosphere. Rather, it derives nearly all of its photosynthetic carbon through its roots. In addition, this species possesses characteristics of crassulacean acid metabolism.
102 citations
TL;DR: The general principles of probability are discussed and applied to the analysis of teeth using a precise method of measurement and the unique nature of the human dentition is confirmed.
Abstract: A general population sample of bite marks in wax is used to demonstrate mathematically the individuality of the human dentition The general principles of probability are discussed and applied to the analysis of teeth using a precise method of measurement The unique nature of the human dentition is confirmed
92 citations
TL;DR: Although considerable variation within groups was evident, the results suggested several developmental trends, including the number of topics introduced and reintroduced in the sampling period decreased with age, whereas the proportion of topics maintained increased with age.
Abstract: This study investigated the manipulation of discourse topic in spontaneous conversation in three age groups. Subjects consisted of six dyads of peers at each of the following age levels (years:mont...
91 citations
TL;DR: The Larampuquio and Puchcas volcanics of the Ayacucho basin were found to date between ∼7.7 and 6 m.y.p..
Abstract: Strata of the Neogene Ayacucho intermontane basin, central Peru, can be subdivided into three tectonostratigraphic units: the Larampuquio volcanics, consisting largely of intermediate lavas and coarse conglomerates of similar lithology; the unconformably overlying Huanta Formation, consisting of a lower part formed predominantly of lacustrine and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks and an upper part composed largely of intermediate lavas, tuffs, and conglomerates; and the unconformably overlying Ayacucho Formation, consisting of complexly interfingering volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks, silicic tuffs, and lavas of intermediate to silicic composition. Radiometric ages of 17.3 ± 0.2 m.y. and 18.3 ± 0.6 m.y. have been obtained on tuffs from the upper and lower parts of the Larampuquio volcanics. Determinations on 2 rocks from the lower member of the Huanta Formation indicate an age of ∼11.4 ± 0.5 m.y. and a rock from the upper member is dated at 9.3 ± 0.3 m.y. B.P. Units of the Ayacucho Formation yield ages showing that it was deposited between ∼7.7 and 6 m.y. ago. The intervening Molinoyocc and Puchcas volcanics were erupted between ∼9.9 and 7.4 m.y. ago; these units may postdate the Huanta Formation or may be associated in part with the Huanta and in part with the Ayacucho Formation. Coarse conglomerates of the Larampuquio volcanics represent debris eroded from highlands uplifted during the first, and most intense, pulse of the late Cenozoic “Quechuan” phase of Andean compressive tectonism that began in the early Miocene. Folding of the Larampuquio volcanics may have taken place during this, or a subsequent, pulse of compression. A marked unconformity between the Huanta and Ayacucho Formations demonstrates a period of deformation between ∼8.5 and 9.5 m.y. ago. Compression also was active during at least part of the deposition of the Ayacucho Formation, as shown by inter-fingering wedges of coarse clastic debris along the northeastern margin of the basin and by angular unconformities within the formation. Folded rocks of the Ayacucho Formation and its equivalents to the west are overlain by undeformed volcanic units dated at 3.8 ± 0.4 m.y. B.P. and ∼5.5 m.y. B.P., bracketing a well-defined pulse of deformation slightly younger than 6 m.y. These subsequent episodes of compressive deformation represent recurrent pulses of the “Quechuan” phase. Folding related to these late Quechuan pulses is restricted in the Andes to northwest-trending belts corresponding to reactivated fault zones in the pre-Neogene substratum. A system of north-trending dikes in the Huachocolpa district 70 km west of Ayacucho suggests relaxation of compression in the Pliocene, and compression of Quaternary age has been recognized in the Huancayo area 170 km northwest of Ayacucho. Taken together with the first pulse of Quechuan deformation in the early and middle Miocene, these data indicate at least four pulses of crustal compression during the late Cenozoic separated by periods during which compressional stresses were at least partly relaxed and at times possibly replaced by extension.
86 citations
TL;DR: The potential role of in vitro sperm capacitation and transcervical intrauterine insemination in the treatment of refractory infertility unrelated to female organic pelvic disease is discussed.
84 citations
TL;DR: Observations show that photooxidation of bilirubin clearly does occur during phototherapy, and are consistent with the view that, althoughphotooxidation is not the major photochemical event associated with phototherapy), it can and clearly do occur concurrently with photoisomerization.
Abstract: Bilirubin-IX alpha photooxidation products were detected by high performance liquid chromatography in the urine of neonates undergoing phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia. The in vivo photoproducts were identified by chromatographic comparison with authentic synthetic standards using two complementary methods. Bilirubin photooxidation products were not detected in urine from jaundiced infants not receiving phototherapy. The specific photoproducts identified in the urine include propentdyopents, hematinic acid imide and its hydrolysis product (3-carboxy-2-methyl-2-hexenedioic acid), and the hydrolysis product (2-vinyl-3-methyl-maleic acid) of methylvinylmaleimide. Their total urinary concentrations were low (0.2-0.9 mg/dl) during phototherapy. These observations show that photooxidation of bilirubin clearly does occur during phototherapy. They are consistent with the view that, although photooxidation is not the major photochemical event associated with phototherapy, it can and clearly does occur concurrently with photoisomerization.
TL;DR: Genuine transsexuals as a group seem to have a better prognosis for successful outcome of sex reassignment than a group of secondary transsexuals (i.e. transvestites and effeminate homosexuals).
Abstract: Three independent reviews of the world literature dealing with the outcome of sex reassignment surgery in transsexualism are presented. In 10-15% of the patients who undergo sex reassignment the results end up in a failure. There are as many failures in the female to male group as in the male to female group. Optimal results from the surgical procedures are important for a successful outcome. Relatively high age when first requesting sex reassignment may be regarded as a risk factor for poor outcome. Genuine transsexuals as a group seem to have a better prognosis for successful outcome of sex reassignment than a group of secondary transsexuals (i.e. transvestites and effeminate homosexuals). On the other hand, secondary transsexuals do better than genuine transsexuals when sex reassignment is refused. It is stressed that great importance should be given to the differential diagnosis when evaluating gender dysphoric patients for sex reassignment.
TL;DR: 20-hydroxyecdysone was able to act as an ovarian substitute in ovariectomized flies by stimulating pheromone synthesis and a shift in alkene to alkane synthesis.
TL;DR: A 25 cm zone of anomalous paleomagnetic directions from lacustrine sediments near Summer Lake, Oregon, has been found to represent actual geomagnetic field behavior.
Abstract: A 25-cm zone of anomalous paleomagnetic directions from lacustrine sediments near Summer Lake, Oregon, has the same age and the same paleomagnetic signature as the younger part of the proposed Mono Lake geomagnetic excursion. Both field observations and rock magnetic studies support the hypothesis that the anomalous directions represent actual geomagnetic field behavior, thereby confirming the existence of the Mono Lake excursion at the Oregon site. Although confirmation of its existence at this site does not make the Mono Lake excursion any more suitable as a chronostratigraphic horizon, this excursion may now be used as an additional constraint on models of geomagnetic field behavior including those that predict the morphology of transitional geomagnetic fields.
TL;DR: This article proposed a reconceptualization in which attitudes are conceived of as communicative acts which imply evaluations of a class of objects, persons or events, and the clearest case of attitude would be a self-referent speech act of the form, "I approve/disapprove entities of type X".
Abstract: Attitudes are conveniently conceptualized either as enduring internal affective or evaluative predispositions which have a causal influence on behaviour, or—less commonly—as behaviours in their own right. Conceptual and methodological problems with both of these formulations are discussed, and a reconceptualization is proposed in which attitudes are conceived of as communicative acts which imply evaluations of a class of objects, persons or events. The clearest case of attitude would be a self-referent speech act of the form, ‘I approve/disapprove entities of type X’. The study of attitude as an expressive communicative act makes use of speech act theory and theories of impression management and self-presentation, and requires an analysis of the context in which the attitude act occurs and the variety of personal and interpersonal functions which the act serves. The proposed reconceptualization eliminates the ‘attitude–behaviour’ problem and raises a number of potentially fruitful research issues, including the culturally grounded means for achieving of consistency.
TL;DR: In this paper, a sample of 434 college students was examined to determine the factors that individuals used in their decision to first have intercourse with a particular partner, and to compare males and females on the relative importance of derived factors in decision-making.
Abstract: Premarital sexual decision‐making in a sample of 434 college students was examined The purposes of the study were (a) to determine the factors that individuals used in their decision to first have intercourse with a particular partner; (b) to compare males and females on the relative importance of derived factors in decision‐making; and (c) to compare individuals with differing levels of sexual experience on the derived decision factors Data were collected via questionnaires, and the items were factor analyzed to uncover underlying factors in the decision to have intercourse The results revealed four basic factors: Positive Affect/Communication, Obligation/Pressure, Arousal/Receptivity, and Circumstantial Analyses of variance showed that females considered Positive Affect/Communication to be slightly more important than males, whereas males considered Obligation/Pressure to be slightly more important in their decision In addition, those with more prior sexual experience considered Positive A
TL;DR: Ash-flow tuffs of Neogene age exposed over 2,500 km 2 in the Macusani region of southeastern Peru are the volcanic equivalent of S-type granites.
Abstract: Ash-flow tuffs of Neogene age exposed over 2,500 km 2 in the Macusani region of southeastern Peru are the volcanic equivalent of S-type granites. The strongly peraluminous tuffs contain phenocrysts of andalusite, sillimanite, and muscovite and have high 87 Sr/ 86 Sr i (0.7258 and 0.7226) and δ 18 O (+11‰). Elevated concentrations of Li, Cs, Be, Sn, B, and other minor elements compare with those in “tin granites.” Mineral phase relations and composition are indicative of low magmatic temperatures and oxygen fugacities and high a HF/ a H 2 O. The chemical, isotopic, and mineralogical features and regional geologic relations are consistent with models of magma generation involving the incorporation of large amounts of pelitic rock.
TL;DR: The Stillwater seismic gap as mentioned in this paper contains no historical scarps and has been termed the Stillwater gap, which is a likely site for future major faulting, but the low level of seismicity in the gap area suggests that the next major earthquake there is not imminent.
Abstract: Fault scarps that formed during the 1915 and 1954 earthquakes in central Nevada are roughly aligned, but are separated by a gap of 40 km. The gap contains no historical scarps and has been termed the Stillwater seismic gap. The abundance, size, and distribution of prehistorical fault scarps is similar in the Stillwater seismic gap and the 1915 and 1954 earthquake areas, and overall height and long-term uplift rates of range blocks are similar throughout the area studied; thus, the faults in the gap do not appear to be locked or appreciably more or less active on a long-term basis than those in areas of the 1915 and 1954 earthquakes. None of the scarps in the gap is likely younger than about 300 yr, so that no major earthquake occurred in that period. The Stillwater seismic gap is part of the central Nevada-eastern California seismic belt, where large-scale surface faulting events have occurred at intervals of a few years to a few decades in a pattern that suggests incremental filling of the belt. If that pattern of belt-filling continues, the Stillwater gap is a likely site for future major faulting, but the low level of seismicity in the gap area suggests that the next major earthquake there is not imminent.
TL;DR: Experiments involving selective elimination of either gut tract protozoa or bacteria in Coptotermes formosanus indicate that intestinal bacteria are the major source of vitamin B 12 in this termite.
TL;DR: The present results combined with previous findings suggest that ATP and norepinephrine act as cotransmitters in the vas deferens of several species.
TL;DR: Out-of-phase separation of a rare chromosome, like premature separation in mitosis of the X in elderly humans or of an 18 in parents of trisomy 18 children, is made, which takes care of all questions raised above and finds support in the data available in the literature.
Abstract: The most commonly accepted view about the origin of aneuploidy is that it is due to errors in meiotic division. However, its rare occurrence makes it difficult to explain recurrent births of trisomic children to some parents. This problem causes more serious concern when one accepts that an abnormal (n + 1 or n - 1) sperm would enter fertilization by overriding thousands, or even millions, of normal haploid sperms. Also, the failure of aneuploidy to be induced in the offspring of mammals treated with mutagens raises questions about the effectiveness of the accepted mode of origin of errors. Current concepts also do not explain why one observes more errors of meiotic I, than of meiotic II, origin. It is known that most chromosomes separating at meta-anaphase junction in mitosis follow a nonrandom, genetically controlled sequence of separation. The present proposal makes use of out-of-phase separation of a rare chromosome, like premature separation in mitosis of the X in elderly humans or of an 18 in parents of trisomy 18 children. The suggestion is made that such out-of-phase separation results in aneuploid cell lines by total failure of the centromere to separate or by it separating too early, before the spindle is formed. The prematurely separating centromeres, it appears, do not attach to spindle fibers and hence cause nondisjunction. Such nondisjunction in embryonic stages will produce apparently normal individuals with mosaicism in somatic and/or gametic tissue. An individual carrying mosaicism in gonadal tissue will produce a large number of abnormal gametes, one of which may have a reasonable chance of entering fertilization. This mode of origin of aneuploidy takes care of all questions raised above and finds support in the data available in the literature. Several of the suggestions made in the hypothesis are easily testable.
TL;DR: The authors examined the effect of irrelevant responses on processing and retention of response content and attributions concerning the speaker in dyadic interaction and found that irrelevant responses will be processed and retained more poorly, because the preceding utterance will provide a less adequate context for their interpretation.
TL;DR: Observations of mouse L cells show that all the centromeres are retained as functional primary constrictions except for a change in functional regulation when more than one centromere are located on a chromosome.
Abstract: Mouse L cells have many dicentric chromosomes and one with eight centromeres. All eight centromeres behave similarly until midmetaphase when most centromeres split into two units each in apparently quick succession but out-of-phase. This premature separation leaves one or perhaps two closely located centromeres intact, which separate at late metaphase-anaphase, drawing the two chromatids to opposite poles. Such dominance of one centromere over all others, though unexplained, ensures the lack of any mitotic abnormality such as bridges or fragments. These observations show that all the centromeres are retained as functional primary constrictions except for a change in functional regulation when more than one centromere are located on a chromosome.
TL;DR: The pyrromethenones preferred a dimeric form, with intramolecular H-bonding between the lactam C = 0 of one unit and the pyrrole N-Hs of the second unit.
TL;DR: Components of the sex pheromone of the female housefly, (Z)-9,10-epoxytricosane and (Z-14-tricosen-10-one, are absent on the surface of newly emerged insects, first appear on females on day 2, and increase in amount to day 10.
TL;DR: Data presented demonstrate that male houseflies possess the metabolic capability to produce the sex pheromone components, and suggests that 20-hydroxyecdysone alters the production of cuticular hydrocarbons such that the C23 sex phersomone component become major products.
TL;DR: CNQ is capable of interacting with NADH of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in a redox cycling fashion and alpha-tocopherol was shown to prevent the CNQ-mediated swelling process.
TL;DR: The main aim was to correlate the frequency of chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in the lymphocytes with the amount of arsenic in the water, and explored the incidence of skin cancer, fetal wastage, and genetic or developmental abnormalities.
Abstract: A two-year study was carried out on human subjects of various ages and backgrounds who had been drinking water containing more than 0.05 mg/liter (0.05 ppm) arsenic for a period of at least five years. The main aim was to correlate the frequency of chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in the lymphocytes with the amount of arsenic in the water. In addition, we explored the incidence of skin cancer, fetal wastage, and genetic or developmental abnormalities. Several other variables--eg, coffee, wine, and cigarette consumption; sex; residence (rural vs urban); and exposure to chemicals, smelters, or pesticides--were also taken into consideration. The data on chromosome aberrations (104 exposed and 86 control individuals) and on sister chromatid exchanges (98 exposed and 83 control individuals) did not show that arsenic at concentrations used by our population (greater than 0.05 mg/liter) has any effect on these parameters. Similarly, no other health effects of arsenic at these concentrations were found.
TL;DR: The results indicate that the FAS of D. melanogaster has the inherent capability to form C12 and C14 fatty acids and that no other soluble protein appears to be involved in their synthesis.