Showing papers by "University of Nevada, Reno published in 1985"
TL;DR: The world literature on renal complications of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is reviewed and 274 cases of acute renal disease associated with their use are reported and Fenoprofen appeared to be more nephrotoxic than other nonsteroid anti- inflammatory drugs and resulted in multiple renal lesions in the same patient.
211 citations
TL;DR: Data are presented to show that fasting heat production and maintenance vary with nutritional level or rate of growth in animals postweaning and variations in these energy expenditures are related to variation in weight of metabolically active internal organs.
Abstract: Although the concept of metabolic body size (kg075) has gained widespread use in the field of energy metabolism, its application to the growing animal has been questioned Fasting heat production, or maintenance, rather than being a constant function of body size, has been shown to vary because of breed, sex, condition, physiological state, production level, nutrition level and environmental conditions Data are presented to show that fasting heat production and maintenance vary with nutritional level or rate of growth in animals postweaning Variation in these energy expenditures are related to variation in weight of metabolically active internal organs Weights of liver and gut and fasting heat production are shown to be functions of body size and level of production More information is needed to ascertain the primary components of energy expenditures in animals and to quantitatively relate these components to animal energy metabolism
191 citations
TL;DR: Findings indicate that oxytocin in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus may act as a regulator of vagally-mediated gastric and cardiovascular functions while TRH effects, in this medullary area, seem limited to the regulation of gastric function.
114 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a risk model is developed which involves direct solution of the expected utility maximization problem utilizing nonlinear programming, which permits the use of utility functions exhibiting increasing, constant, and decreasing absolute risk aversion.
Abstract: A risk model is developed which involves direct solution of the expected utility maximization problem utilizing nonlinear programming. The model permits the use of utility functions exhibiting increasing, constant, and decreasing absolute risk aversion. Demonstrations are done using functions exhibiting such properties over normal, uniform, and triangular data sets. The desire to reflect uncertainty of future events within decision-making problems has led to a number of risk models. Many of these risk models attempt to reflect the decision maker's expectations of possible outcomes and their probabilities, along with the decision maker's attitude toward assuming risk. Methodological approaches to risky decision problems range from using conservative estimates for the uncertain elements (e.g., a pessimistic price), through methods which explicitly include probability density functions for the uncertain parameters. A class of the latter models has arisen within the mathemat
108 citations
TL;DR: A multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis of a sample of 549 persons that suggests that corporate social responsibility can be viewed as a three-dimensional construct is presented in this paper.
94 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the mucosal response evoked by electrical field stimulation is not mediated by release of 5-HT at neuro-enterocyte junctions or from endocrine elements.
84 citations
TL;DR: Wilson-Patterson Conservatism (C) and Zuckerman's Sensation-seeking (SS) scores were investigated in relation to music preferences in a group of 43 students as mentioned in this paper.
82 citations
TL;DR: This paper examined the ability of good and poor spellers at grades six and ten to generate orthographic and phonetic derivatives for three predominant vowel alternation patterns characteristic of internal derivational morphology.
Abstract: This study examines the ability of good and poor spellers at grades six and ten to generate orthographic and phonetic derivatives for three predominant vowel alternation patterns characteristic of internal derivational morphology. Results support the hypothesis that a productive knowledge of these patterns in orthography precedes a productive knowledge of these patterns in phonology. Further, orthographic (visual) information was found to be superior to phonetic (aural) information in accessing the appropriate derivational morphological rules. An order is identified for the acquisition of a productive knowledge of the three vowel alternation patterns in both orthography and phonology. Based on these results and analyses, instructional implications for both spelling and vocabulary are offered.
76 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a stress corrosion cracking (SCC) mechanism is proposed in which anodic dissolution at film rupture sites relieves strain hardening and reduces the fracture stress at the crack tip.
Abstract: A mechanism of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is outlined in which anodic dissolution at film rupture sites relieves strain hardening and reduces the fracture stress at the crack tip. Experimental evidence is cited to suggest that relief of strain hardening occurs by interaction of subsurface dislocations with divacancies generated by the anodic dissolution. A transgranular crack propagates by accumulation of divacancies on prismatic planes which then separate by cleavage under plane strain conditions at the crack tip. At appropriate metallurgical and chemical conditions, anodic dissolution and/or divacancy migration may be enhanced at grain boundaries, leading to an intergranular failure mode. Evidence is also available to indicate that cyclic loading relieves strain hardening. Relief of strain hardening by combined cyclic loading and corrosion accounts for the higher incidence of corrosion fatigue cracking (CFC) without the requirement of any critical dissolved species. Data on fatigue of stainless steel at elevated temperature in both vacuum and air provide additional support for the proposed mechanism.
76 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an explanation of these relationships by fracturing an incompletely crystallized host, rather than by entirely post magmatic fracturing with subsequent diking, is postulated to be consistent with experimental date and certain petrologic observations.
70 citations
TL;DR: A large body of evidence from five chimpanzees demonstrated stage by stage replication of basic aspects of the acquisition of speech and signs by hearing and deaf children.
Abstract: In cross-fostering, the young of one species are reared by adults of another, as in the classical ethological studies of imprinting and song-learning In our laboratory, infant chimpanzees were reared under human conditions that included two-way communication in American Sign Language (ASL), the gestural language of the deaf in North America A large body of evidence from five chimpanzees demonstrated stage by stage replication of basic aspects of the acquisition of speech and signs by hearing and deaf children Here we review evidence that, under double-blind conditions: (i) the chimpanzees communicated information in ASL to human observers; (ii) independent human observers agreed in their identification of the chimpanzee signs, (iii) the chimpanzees could use the signs to refer to natural language categories: DOG for any dog, FLOWER for any flower, SHOE for any shoe
TL;DR: The fatty acid composition of muscle phospholipids was similar regardless of sex condition or muscle sampled, and the fat:lean ratio of muscle tissue is the major factor that determines fatty acids composition.
Abstract: Fatty acid composition of total lipid extracts of muscle and adipose samples from crossbred bulls (N = 34) and steers (N = 35) was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Samples of semitendinosus, triceps brachii and longissimus muscle and of subcutaneous and perinephric adipose tissue were excised from the right side of each carcass. In addition, thin-layer chromatography was utilized to obtain phospholipid and triacylglycerol fractions from total lipid extracts of semitendinosus and longissimus muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue from 10 bull and steer cohorts (N = 20). The most prominent sex condition effect was in percentage of total poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Bull tissues contained higher (P less than .01) percentages of PUFA than those of steers at all sampling sites. This reflected higher percentages of linoleate (C18:2), linolenate (C18:3) and arachidonate (C20:4) in bull tissues. Most of the PUFA were present as phospholipids in muscle samples. The fatty acid composition of muscle phospholipids was similar regardless of sex condition or muscle sampled. Total lipid extracts of semitendinosus and triceps brachii muscles of both bulls and steers contained from 6 to 10% more unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) compared with M. longissimus. Muscle triacylglycerols contained relatively high percentages of saturated fatty acids (SFA). Semitendinosus and longissimus samples from steers contained higher (P less than .05 and P less than .01, respectively) percentages of total SFA than those from bulls. Steer samples contained slightly higher percentages of palmitic acid (C16:0) compared with bulls at all sampling sites, and this difference was significant for M. longissimus. The fat:lean ratio of muscle tissue is the major factor that determines fatty acid composition.
TL;DR: This is the first report showing production of both classes of siderophores by a pathogenic yeast, and the presence of phenolate and hydroxamate-type siders in the culture medium was confirmed by assaying the culture media with type specific siderophile-dependent bacterial auxotrophs.
TL;DR: If the only definite criterion for diagnosis of death in hypothermia is failure to respond to resuscitation and rewarming, successful resuscitation must carefully balance aggressive and gentle interventions.
TL;DR: A fast serial-parallel (FSP) multiplier design derived from the carry-save add-shift (CSAS) multiplier structure is modified so that it operates as a CSAS unit for the first n clocks and reconfigures itself as an n bit ripple-carry parallel adder at the (n + 1)st clock, thus allowing the carries to ripple through.
Abstract: A fast serial-parallel (FSP) multiplier design is derived from the carry-save add-shift (CSAS) multiplier structure. The CSAS technique accepts multiplier bits serially (lsb first) and produces outputs serially (lsb first). Multiplication of two n bit unsigned numbers requires 2n clock cycles to complete the process out of which n clocks are used for n-row carry-save additions, and the other n clocks are utilized only to propagate the remaining carries. This CSAS structure is modified so that it operates as a CSAS unit for the first n clocks and reconfigures itself as an n bit ripple-carry parallel adder at the (n + 1)st clock, thus allowing the carries to ripple through, eliminating the delay due to storage elements during the last n clocks. It is shown that this modification results in an about one-third increase in speed for an approximately one-third increase in hardware. The technique is extended to signed numbers represented in 2's complement form. Also, it is shown how these implementations can be modularized.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a comprehensive review of 12 attempts to condition operantly alloprimate vocalizations in terms of various subject and procedural variables, including the age, species and sex of the subject, and the type of task and reward used.
Abstract: A central issue in the study of alloprimate vocalizations concerns the extent of the animal's control over vocalization production. Two competing models are the semanticity model which states that vocalizations contain an environmental referent, and the level-of-arousal model which states that vocalizations are an emotional product of differential internal states of arousal. One source of evidence bearing on this issue is the operant control of vocalizations by alloprimates. This paper presents a comprehensive review of 12 attempts to condition operantly alloprimate vocalizations. These 12 experiments are analyzed in terms of various subject and procedural variables, including the age, species and sex of the subject, and the type of task and reward used. The results of this analysis indicate the following: Primates are able to control their own vocal output with considerable success; species, age and sex variables place no restriction upon this ability. In addition, the appropriateness of the reinforcer influenced the success rate of the experiment. These results are interpreted as supporting evidence for the semanticity model of vocal production. Results are discussed in terms of an “ecologically-appropriate hypothesis.”
TL;DR: The hypothesis that neurons in the PVHmp can control gastric function by altering the sensitivity of neurons which form the sensory limb of gastric vago-vagal reflexes is supported.
Abstract: Electrophysiological studies were performed to determine whether neurons of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) which receive sensory input from the stomach via vagal afferents are activated by microstimulation of the medial parvocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVHmp). We found that 37% of the NST neurons orthodromically activated by gastric vagal nerve stimulation are also orthodromically excited by PVHmp microstimulation. Not only do these NST neurons receive convergent input from the PVHmp as well as gastric afferent input (vagal), but this input from the PVHmp may also bias the responsiveness of these NST neurons to incoming afferent information. This PVHmp influence on NST excitability is probably mediated by a direct, monosynaptic projection between these two nuclei. These data support the hypothesis that neurons in the PVHmp can control gastric function by altering the sensitivity of neurons which form the sensory limb of gastric vago-vagal reflexes. This ability of the PVHmp to bias the responsiveness of NST neurons to incoming vagal afferent information is probably mediated by a direct, monosynaptic projection between these two nuclei.
TL;DR: The effects of the peptides simulated slow synaptic excitation in the myenteric plexus and are consistent with a neurotransmitter or neuromodulatory function.
TL;DR: The results are consistent with a neurotransmitter role for cholecystokinin that could be either excitatory of inhibitory in the enteric nervous system.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the interrelationship of premarital sexual intimacy and relationship development using a cluster analytic procedure, which resulted in four pathway types: (a) rapid-involvement, (b) gradual involvement, (c) delayed involvement and (d) low involvement.
Abstract: Fifty-four dating couples were interviewed in an investigation of the interrelationship of premarital sexual intimacy and relationship development. Using a cluster analytic procedure, the couples were divided into sexual pathway groups based on the developmental progression of their sexual involvement over four points in time (first date, casually dating, considering becoming a couple, and the `couple' stage of dating). The cluster analysis resulted in four pathway types: (a) `rapid-involvement' couples, (b) `gradual-involvement' couples, (c) `delayed-involvement' couples, and (d) `low-involvement' couples. Comparisons between individuals who followed the different sexual pathways on selected relationship dimensions revealed that couples reportedly experienced significant increases in conflict as they approached orgasmically-oriented sexual activity.
TL;DR: Cisapride reduced the amplitude of fast cholinergic EPSPs, suggesting that it behaved as an agonist at the presynaptic serotonergic receptors in the same cells for which cisapride blocked the prolonged responses to 5-HT.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of prostaglandins on the kidney and the physiologic changes that result when prostaglanin synthesis is blocked are reviewed and 274 cases of acute renal disease associated with their use are reported.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the PVN may control gastric acid outflow by changing the gain of gastric vago-vagal reflexes.
Abstract: Studies were performed to evaluate the possibility that the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus modulates gastric acid secretion by changing the sensitivity of the gastric secretory control mechanism to vagal afferent input. Under pentobarbital anesthesia, 17 rats were prepared with esophageal and pyloric catheters such that the stomach could be perfused continuously on a flow-through basis. Thus, acid secretion could be monitored throughout the experiment. Stimulating electrodes were attached to the central cut end of the cervical vagus nerve. Unilateral stimulation of cervical vagal afferents resulted in a substantial increase in gastric acid secretion. This vagal afferent-mediated increase in acid outflow was suppressed following a single PVN lesion ipsilateral to the side of afferent stimulated output. Given the nature of PVN connections with brainstem regions responsible for the elaboration of vago-vagal reflexes, our results suggest that the PVN may control gastric acid outflow by changing the gain of gastric vago-vagal reflexes.
TL;DR: The polarization behavior of various pure zinc, Al-Zn, and Zn-Ni coatings was studied to evaluate electrochemical methods for use in testing the performance of such coatings on sheet steel as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The polarization behavior of various pure zinc, Al-Zn, and Zn-Ni coatings was studied to evaluate electrochemical methods for use in testing the performance of such coatings on sheet steel. Behavior in deaerated chloride solutions was found to simulate more nearly the good performance of pure zinc (galvanized) coatings in service. Al-Zn coatings exhibited low corrosion rates in both aerated and deaerated chloride solutions, yet they maintained active corrosion potentials and conferred galvanic cathodic protection to bare steel exposed in a scribe through the coating. The galvanic current, which provides cathodic protection for the steel in a scribe, was measured successfully using the polarization resistance technique.
TL;DR: When examined as a group, comprehension of the idioms studied improved with increasing age, however, when examined individually, performance was found to be highly variable from idiom to idiom.
TL;DR: Gifted children in grades 7-9 (N = 98) judged the importance of selected teacher characteristics in personal-social, cognitive, and classroom management domains as mentioned in this paper, and found that Gifted children preferred personal social characteristics over cognitive or classroom management characteristics.
Abstract: Gifted children in grades 7-9 (N = 98) judged the importance of selected teacher characteristics in personal-social, cognitive, and classroom management domains. Subjects were enrolled in a gifted program in a large junior high school in West Texas. Gifted children were found to prefer personal-social characteristics over cognitive or classroom management characteristics. Results were compared to findings of a similar study conducted in Israel in which cognitive characteristics were found to be most highly valued.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used radiometric ages of about 25 m.y. on volcanic materials in a marine intercalation within clastic continental strata of the Upper Moquegua Formation near Caraveli, southern Peru, together with an age of 25.3 ± 0.4m.y obtained by Tosdal et al. from a locality about 300 km to the ESE, show that the formation contains strata from late Oligocene as well as Miocene age.
TL;DR: In this article, a method of analysis for solving radiation transfer problems involving space-dependent albedo ω(x) for an absorbing, emitting and anisotropic scattering plane-parallel medium with reflecting boundaries is presented.
Abstract: A method of analysis is presented for solving radiation-transfer problems involving space-dependent albedo ω(x) for an absorbing, emitting and anisotropically scattering plane-parallel medium with reflecting boundaries. The albedo is represented in terms of Legendre polynomials in the form ω(x) = ΣRr=0DrPr(x/L), where x is the optical variable, L is the half optical-thickness of the slab, Pr(x/L) are the Legendre polynomials and Dr are known expansion coefficients. The effects of spatial variation of albedo on the reflectivity and transmissivity of a medium having a slab geometry are examined for the cases of both forward and backward anisotropic scattering over a wide range of system variables. The effects of ω(x) on the angular distribution of radiation are also shown for some representative cases.