Showing papers by "University of Nevada, Reno published in 2004"
TL;DR: In Arabidopsis, a network of at least 152 genes is involved in managing the level of ROS, and this network is highly dynamic and redundant, and encodes ROS-scavenging and ROS-producing proteins.
4,902 citations
TL;DR: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) as discussed by the authors is one of a number of new interventions from both behavioral and cognitive wings that seem to be moving the field in a different direction.
1,996 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the development of a short, general measure of experiential avoidance, based on a specific theoretical approach to this process, which is incorporated into Acceptance and Commitment Therapy.
Abstract: The present study describes the development of a short, general measure of experiential avoidance, based on a specific theoretical approach to this process. A theoretically driven iterative exploratory analysis using structural equation modeling on data from a clinical sample yielded a single factor comprising 9 items. A fully confirmatory factor analysis upheld this same 9-item factor in an independent clinical sample. The operational characteristics of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ) were then examined in 8 additional samples. All totaled, over 2,400 participants were studied. As expected, higher levels of experiential avoidance were associated with higher levels of general psychopathology, depression, anxiety, a variety of specific fears, trauma, and a lower quality of life. The AAQ related to more specific measures of avoidant coping and to self-deceptive positivity, but the relation to psychopathology could not be fully accounted for by these alternative measures. The data provide some initial support for the model of experiential avoidance based on Relational Frame Theory that is incorporated into Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and provides researchers with a preliminary measure for use in population-based studies on experiential avoidance.
1,879 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed practical numerical methods to solve one dimensional fractional advection-dispersion equations with variable coefficients on a finite domain and demonstrated the practical application of these results is illustrated by modeling a radial flow problem.
1,334 citations
TL;DR: A new, intrinsically pluripotent, CD45-negative population from human cord blood, termed unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs) is described, which grows adherently and can be expanded to 1015 cells without losing pluripotency.
Abstract: Here a new, intrinsically pluripotent, CD45-negative population from human cord blood, termed unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs) is described. This rare population grows adherently and can be expanded to 1015 cells without losing pluripotency. In vitro USSCs showed homogeneous differentiation into osteoblasts, chondroblasts, adipocytes, and hematopoietic and neural cells including astrocytes and neurons that express neurofilament, sodium channel protein, and various neurotransmitter phenotypes. Stereotactic implantation of USSCs into intact adult rat brain revealed that human Tau-positive cells persisted for up to 3 mo and showed migratory activity and a typical neuron-like morphology. In vivo differentiation of USSCs along mesodermal and endodermal pathways was demonstrated in animal models. Bony reconstitution was observed after transplantation of USSC-loaded calcium phosphate cylinders in nude rat femurs. Chondrogenesis occurred after transplanting cell-loaded gelfoam sponges into nude mice. Transplantation of USSCs in a noninjury model, the preimmune fetal sheep, resulted in up to 5% human hematopoietic engraftment. More than 20% albumin-producing human parenchymal hepatic cells with absence of cell fusion and substantial numbers of human cardiomyocytes in both atria and ventricles of the sheep heart were detected many months after USSC transplantation. No tumor formation was observed in any of these animals.
1,075 citations
TL;DR: DENDROCLIM2002 is an extension of existing task-specific software, which is mostly MS-DOS based, and of available user-supplied code for statistical packages, such as SAS, that incorporates the ability to test for temporal changes of dendroclimatic relationships by means of evolutionary and moving intervals.
1,050 citations
Cornell University1, Massachusetts Institute of Technology2, Washington University in St. Louis3, University of Nevada, Reno4, Arizona State University5, Lockheed Martin Corporation6, California Institute of Technology7, Space Science Institute8, United States Geological Survey9, University of Mainz10, Harvard University11, State University of New York System12, University of Tennessee13, Max Planck Society14
TL;DR: The geologic record at Meridiani Planum suggests that conditions were suitable for biological activity for a period of time in martian history.
Abstract: Sedimentary rocks at Eagle crater in Meridiani Planum are composed of fine-grained siliciclastic materials derived from weathering of basaltic rocks, sulfate minerals (including magnesium sulfate and jarosite) that constitute several tens of percent of the rock by weight, and hematite. Cross-stratification observed in rock outcrops indicates eolian and aqueous transport. Diagenetic features include hematite-rich concretions and crystal-mold vugs. We interpret the rocks to be a mixture of chemical and siliciclastic sediments with a complex diagenetic history. The environmental conditions that they record include episodic inundation by shallow surface water, evaporation, and desiccation. The geologic record at Meridiani Planum suggests that conditions were suitable for biological activity for a period of time in martian history.
916 citations
TL;DR: A probabilistic model is developed to model human fatigue and to predict fatigue based on the visual cues obtained, and it was found to be reasonably robust, reliable, and accurate in fatigue characterization.
Abstract: This paper describes a real-time online prototype driver-fatigue monitor. It uses remotely located charge-coupled-device cameras equipped with active infrared illuminators to acquire video images of the driver. Various visual cues that typically characterize the level of alertness of a person are extracted in real time and systematically combined to infer the fatigue level of the driver. The visual cues employed characterize eyelid movement, gaze movement, head movement, and facial expression. A probabilistic model is developed to model human fatigue and to predict fatigue based on the visual cues obtained. The simultaneous use of multiple visual cues and their systematic combination yields a much more robust and accurate fatigue characterization than using a single visual cue. This system was validated under real-life fatigue conditions with human subjects of different ethnic backgrounds, genders, and ages; with/without glasses; and under different illumination conditions. It was found to be reasonably robust, reliable, and accurate in fatigue characterization.
749 citations
TL;DR: For women aged 65 years or older, hormone therapy had an adverse effect on cognition, which was greater among women with lower cognitive function at initiation of treatment.
Abstract: ContextThe Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) previously reported
that estrogen plus progestin therapy does not protect cognition among women
aged 65 years or older. The effect of estrogen-alone therapy, also evaluated
in WHIMS, on cognition has not been established for this population.ObjectivesTo determine whether conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) alters global
cognitive function in older women and to compare its effect with CEE plus
medroxyprogesterone acetate (CEE plus MPA).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled ancillary study of the
Women's Health Initiative (WHI), WHIMS evaluated the effect of CEE on incidence
of probable dementia among community-dwelling women aged 65 to 79 years with
prior hysterectomy from 39 US academic centers that started in June 1995.
Of 3200 eligible women free of probable dementia enrolled in the WHI, 2947
(92.1%) were enrolled in WHIMS. Analyses were conducted on the 2808 women
(95.3%) with a baseline and at least 1 follow-up measure of global cognitive
function before the trial's termination on February 29, 2004.InterventionsParticipants received 1 daily tablet containing either 0.625 mg of CEE
(n = 1387) or matching placebo (n = 1421).Main Outcome MeasureGlobal cognitive function measured annually with the Modified Mini-Mental
State Examination (3MSE).ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 5.4 years, mean (SE) 3MSE scores were 0.26
(0.13) units lower than among women assigned to CEE compared with placebo
(P = .04). For pooled hormone therapy (CEE combined
with CEE plus MPA), the mean (SE) decrease was 0.21 (0.08; P = .006). Removing women with dementia, mild cognitive impairment,
or stroke from the analyses lessened these differences. The adverse effect
of hormone therapy was more pronounced among women with lower cognitive function
at baseline (all P<.01). For women assigned to
CEE compared with placebo, the relative risk of having a 10-unit decrease
in 3MSE scores (>2 SDs) was estimated to be 1.47 (95% confidence interval,
1.04-2.07).ConclusionFor women aged 65 years or older, hormone therapy had an adverse effect
on cognition, which was greater among women with lower cognitive function
at initiation of treatment.
724 citations
TL;DR: The results from 16 free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) sites representing four different global vegetation types indicate that only some early predictions of the effects of increasing CO2 concentration (elevated [CO2]) on plant and ecosystem processes are well supported as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Contents
Summary 1
I. Introduction 2
II. Early assessments of [CO2] responses in natural ecosystems 2
III. Global network of FACE sites 4
IV. Assimilation and leaf N-content 5
V. Primary productivity 13
VI. Response of plant functional types 20
VII. Conclusions 23
Acknowledgements 24
References 24
Summary
Results from 16 free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) sites representing four different global vegetation types indicate that only some early predictions of the effects of increasing CO2 concentration (elevated [CO2]) on plant and ecosystem processes are well supported. Predictions for leaf CO2 assimilation (Anet) generally fit our understanding of limitations to photosynthesis, and the FACE experiments indicate concurrent enhancement of photosynthesis and of partial downregulation. In addition, most herbaceous species had reduced leaf nitrogen (N)-content under elevated [CO2] and thus only a modest enhancement of Anet, whereas most woody species had little change in leaf N with elevated [CO2] but a larger enhancement of Anet. Early predictions for primary production are more mixed. Predictions that enhancement of productivity would be greater in drier ecosystems or in drier years has only limited support. Furthermore, differences in productivity enhancements among six plant functional types were not significant. By contrast, increases in productivity enhancements with increased N availability are well supported by the FACE results. Thus, neither a resource-based conceptual model nor a plant functional type conceptual model is exclusively supported by FACE results, but rather both species identity and resource availability are important factors influencing the response of ecosystems to elevated [CO2].
706 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors empirically identified the dimensions of purchasing's involvement in CSR and applied the label purchasing social responsibility (PSR) to identify the relationship between ethics and CSR.
Abstract: Researchers in the field of corporate social responsibility (CSR) have examined a broad array of activities including environmental management, ethical issues, the advancement of a diverse workplace, safety, human rights, philanthropic donations, and community involvement. Yet despite over 30 years of inquiry in this field, there has been no holistic, empirical investigation of the particular dimensions or sets of activities that are encompassed by CSR and the relationship between ethics and CSR. In the purchasing and supply management literature, similar sets of activities have been investigated, but generally as separate, standalone streams of research with little recognition of their potential inter-relatedness. The current study empirically identified the dimensions of purchasing's involvement in CSR and applied the label purchasing social responsibility (PSR).
TL;DR: The genomic structure of NIPBL is characterized and it is found that it is widely expressed in fetal and adult tissues and facilitates enhancer-promoter communication and regulates Notch signaling and other developmental pathways in Drosophila melanogaster.
Abstract: Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS; OMIM 122470) is a dominantly inherited multisystem developmental disorder characterized by growth and cognitive retardation; abnormalities of the upper limbs; gastroesophageal dysfunction; cardiac, ophthalmologic and genitourinary anomalies; hirsutism; and characteristic facial features. Genital anomalies, pyloric stenosis, congenital diaphragmatic hernias, cardiac septal defects, hearing loss and autistic and self-injurious tendencies also frequently occur. Prevalence is estimated to be as high as 1 in 10,000 (ref. 4). We carried out genome-wide linkage exclusion analysis in 12 families with CdLS and identified four candidate regions, of which chromosome 5p13.1 gave the highest multipoint lod score of 2.7. This information, together with the previous identification of a child with CdLS with a de novo t(5;13)(p13.1;q12.1) translocation, allowed delineation of a 1.1-Mb critical region on chromosome 5 for the gene mutated in CdLS. We identified mutations in one gene in this region, which we named NIPBL, in four sporadic and two familial cases of CdLS. We characterized the genomic structure of NIPBL and found that it is widely expressed in fetal and adult tissues. The fly homolog of NIPBL, Nipped-B, facilitates enhancer-promoter communication and regulates Notch signaling and other developmental pathways in Drosophila melanogaster.
TL;DR: It is shown that adaptation effects are pronounced for natural variations in faces and for natural categorical judgements about faces, suggesting that adaptation may routinely influence face perception in normal viewing and could have an important role in calibrating properties of face perception according to the subset of faces populating an individual's environment.
Abstract: Face perception is fundamentally important for judging the characteristics of individuals, such as identification of their gender, age, ethnicity or expression. We asked how the perception of these characteristics is influenced by the set of faces that observers are exposed to. Previous studies have shown that the appearance of a face can be biased strongly after viewing an altered image of the face, and have suggested that these after-effects reflect response changes in the neural mechanisms underlying object or face perception. Here we show that these adaptation effects are pronounced for natural variations in faces and for natural categorical judgements about faces. This suggests that adaptation may routinely influence face perception in normal viewing, and could have an important role in calibrating properties of face perception according to the subset of faces populating an individual's environment.
Cornell University1, Washington University in St. Louis2, Max Planck Society3, Ames Research Center4, University of Nevada, Reno5, United States Geological Survey6, Arizona State University7, Lockheed Martin Corporation8, American Museum of Natural History9, University of Chicago10, Space Science Institute11, California Institute of Technology12, Honeybee Robotics13, Smithsonian Institution14, Massachusetts Institute of Technology15, University of Mainz16, Harvard University17, Glenn Research Center18, Texas A&M University19, Ohio State University20, University of Copenhagen21, Stony Brook University22, University of Tennessee23, German Aerospace Center24, Goddard Space Flight Center25, University of Arizona26, University of Alabama at Birmingham27
TL;DR: The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity has investigated the landing site in Eagle crater and the nearby plains within Meridiani Planum, and the rocks are interpreted to be a mixture of chemical and siliciclastic sediments formed by episodic inundation by shallow surface water, followed by evaporation, exposure, and desiccation.
Abstract: The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity has investigated the landing site in Eagle crater and the nearby plains within Meridiani Planum. The soils consist of fine-grained basaltic sand and a surface lag of hematite-rich spherules, spherule fragments, and other granules. Wind ripples are common. Underlying the thin soil layer, and exposed within small impact craters and troughs, are flat-lying sedimentary rocks. These rocks are finely laminated, are rich in sulfur, and contain abundant sulfate salts. Small-scale cross-lamination in some locations provides evidence for deposition in flowing liquid water. We interpret the rocks to be a mixture of chemical and siliciclastic sediments formed by episodic inundation by shallow surface water, followed by evaporation, exposure, and desiccation. Hematite-rich spherules are embedded in the rock and eroding from them. We interpret these spherules to be concretions formed by postdepositional diagenesis, again involving liquid water.
TL;DR: In this article, the scaling limit of a continuous-time random walk is shown to be an operator Levy motion subordinated to the hitting time process of a classical stable subordinator.
Abstract: A continuous-time random walk is a simple random walk subordinated to a renewal process used in physics to model anomalous diffusion. In this paper we show that, when the time between renewals has infinite mean, the scaling limit is an operator Levy motion subordinated to the hitting time process of a classical stable subordinator. Density functions for the limit process solve a fractional Cauchy problem, the generalization of a fractional partial differential equation for Hamiltonian chaos. We also establish a functional limit theorem for random walks with jumps in the strict generalized domain of attraction of a full operator stable law, which is of some independent interest.
TL;DR: In this paper, a pilot study applied a theoretically derived model of acceptance-based treatment process to smoking cessation, and compared it to a pharmacological treatment based on a medical dependence model.
TL;DR: The laminarity of high-current multi-MeV proton beams produced by irradiating thin metallic foils with ultraintense lasers has been measured and appears to be at least 100-fold better than conventional accelerator beams.
Abstract: The laminarity of high-current multi-MeV proton beams produced by irradiating thin metallic foils with ultraintense lasers has been measured. For proton energies >10 MeV, the transverse and longitudinal emittance are, respectively, 10 MeV.
TL;DR: Results suggest that the indirect effects of CO2 on plant and soil water relations may contribute substantially to experimentally induced CO2-effects, and also reflect local humidity conditions.
Abstract: Atmospheric CO2 enrichment may stimulate plant growth directly through (1) enhanced photosynthesis or indirectly, through (2) reduced plant water consumption and hence slower soil moisture depletion, or the combination of both. Herein we describe gas exchange, plant biomass and species responses of five native or semi-native temperate and Mediterranean grasslands and three semi-arid systems to CO2 enrichment, with an emphasis on water relations. Increasing CO2 led to decreased leaf conductance for water vapor, improved plant water status, altered seasonal evapotranspiration dynamics, and in most cases, periodic increases in soil water content. The extent, timing and duration of these responses varied among ecosystems, species and years. Across the grasslands of the Kansas tallgrass prairie, Colorado shortgrass steppe and Swiss calcareous grassland, increases in aboveground biomass from CO2 enrichment were relatively greater in dry years. In contrast, CO2-induced aboveground biomass increases in the Texas C3/C4 grassland and the New Zealand pasture seemed little or only marginally influenced by yearly variation in soil water, while plant growth in the Mojave Desert was stimulated by CO2 in a relatively wet year. Mediterranean grasslands sometimes failed to respond to CO2-related increased late-season water, whereas semiarid Negev grassland assemblages profited. Vegetative and reproductive responses to CO2 were highly varied among species and ecosystems, and did not generally follow any predictable pattern in regard to functional groups. Results suggest that the indirect effects of CO2 on plant and soil water relations may contribute substantially to experimentally induced CO2-effects, and also reflect local humidity conditions. For landscape scale predictions, this analysis calls for a clear distinction between biomass responses due to direct CO2 effects on photosynthesis and those indirect CO2 effects via soil moisture as documented here.
TL;DR: The results suggest that Zat12 is an important component of the oxidative stress response signal transduction network of Arabidopsis required for Zat7, WRKY25, and Apx1 expression during oxidative stress.
Cornell University1, Washington University in St. Louis2, Max Planck Society3, Search for extraterrestrial intelligence4, University of Nevada, Reno5, United States Geological Survey6, Arizona State University7, Lockheed Martin Corporation8, American Museum of Natural History9, Ames Research Center10, University of Chicago11, Space Science Institute12, California Institute of Technology13, Honeybee Robotics14, Smithsonian Institution15, Massachusetts Institute of Technology16, University of Mainz17, Harvard University18, Glenn Research Center19, Texas A&M University20, Ohio State University21, University of Copenhagen22, Stony Brook University23, University of Tennessee24, German Aerospace Center25, Goddard Space Flight Center26, University of Arizona27, University of Alabama at Birmingham28
TL;DR: The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit and its Athena science payload have been used to investigate a landing site in Gusev crater, but no clear evidence for lacustrine sedimentation has been found to date as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit and its Athena science payload have been used to investigate a landing site in Gusev crater. Gusev is hypothesized to be the site of a former lake, but no clear evidence for lacustrine sedimentation has been found to date. Instead, the dominant lithology is basalt, and the dominant geologic processes are impact events and eolian transport. Many rocks exhibit coatings and other characteristics that may be evidence for minor aqueous alteration. Any lacustrine sediments that may exist at this location within Gusev apparently have been buried by lavas that have undergone subsequent impact disruption.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a number of descriptions of various modeling and simulation techniques and, briefly, the associated experimental results in connection with ionic polymer-metal composites and, in general, ionic polymers composites as soft biomimetic distributed sensors, actuators, transducers, and artificial muscles.
Abstract: This paper, the third in a series of four review papers to appear in this journal, presents a number of descriptions of various modeling and simulation techniques and, briefly, the associated experimental results in connection with ionic polymer–metal composites and, in general, ionic polymer–conductor composites, as soft biomimetic distributed sensors, actuators, transducers, and artificial muscles.
University of Wyoming1, University of Oregon2, Oak Ridge National Laboratory3, Northern Arizona University4, Marine Biological Laboratory5, University of Nevada, Reno6, Oregon State University7, University of Oklahoma8, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center9, Lund University10, Colorado State University11
TL;DR: In this article, the current status of below-ground responses to elevated CO2 and temperature and potential feedback effects, methodological challenges, and approaches to integrating models and measurements are discussed, as well as approaches to integrate models and data to predict long-term, net carbon storage in ecosystems.
Abstract: Rising atmospheric CO2 and temperatures are probably altering ecosystem carbon cycling, causing both positive and negative feedbacks to climate. Below-ground processes play a key role in the global carbon (C) cycle because they regulate storage of large quantities of C, and are potentially very sensitive to direct and indirect effects of elevated CO2 and temperature. Soil organic matter pools, roots and associated rhizosphere organisms all have distinct responses to environmental change drivers, although availability of C substrates will regulate all the responses. Elevated CO2 increases C supply below-ground, whereas warming is likely to increase respiration and decomposition rates, leading to speculation that these effects will moderate one another. However, indirect effects on soil moisture availability and nutrient supply may alter processes in unexpected directions. Detailed, mechanistic understanding and modelling of below-ground flux components, pool sizes and turnover rates is needed to adequately predict long-term, net C storage in ecosystems. In this synthesis, we discuss the current status of below-ground responses to elevated CO2 and temperature and potential feedback effects, methodological challenges, and approaches to integrating models and measurements.
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of three hydrophobic microporous membranes were evaluated under vacuum enhanced direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) with a turbulent flow regime and with a feed water temperature of only 40°C.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that happiness provides a number of positive benefits for not only the happy individuals themselves, but also for those with whom they come in contact, and that happiness is almost a responsibility to ourselves, to be happy.
TL;DR: This article investigated the beliefs of six experienced high school science teachers about what is successful science learning, what are the purposes of laboratory in science teaching, and how inquiry is implemented in the classroom.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the beliefs of six experienced high school science teachers about (1) what is successful science learning; (2) what are the purposes of laboratory in science teaching; and (3) how inquiry is implemented in the classroom. An interpretive multiple case study with an ethnographic orientation was used. The teachers' beliefs about successful science learning were substantively linked to their beliefs about laboratory and inquiry implementation. For example, two teachers who believed that successful science learning was deep conceptual understanding, used verification labs primarily to illustrate these concepts and used inquiry as a type of isolated problem-solving experience. Another teacher who believed that successful science learning was enculturation into scientific practices used inquiry-based labs extensively to teach the practices of science. Tension in competing beliefs sets and implications for reform are discussed. ? 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 936-960, 2004.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a descriptive review of some of the actual evidence available for Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Functional Analytic Psychotherapy.
TL;DR: In this article, two packages presented in 1-day workshops were compared to a biologically oriented educational control condition in the alleviation of stigmatizing attitudes in drug abuse counselors in order to reduce stigma and prejudice toward recipients of behavioral health care services.
TL;DR: Findings suggest that OsWRKY71 encodes a transcriptional repressor of GA signaling in aleurone cells, suggesting that GA regulates plant growth and development by functionally interfering with OsGAMYB.
Abstract: The molecular mechanism by which GA regulates plant growth and development has been a subject of active research. Analyses of the rice (Oryza sativa) genomic sequences identified 77 WRKY genes, among which OsWRKY71 is highly expressed in aleurone cells. Transient expression of OsWRKY71 by particle bombardment specifically represses GA-induced Amy32b α-amylase promoter but not abscisic acid-induced HVA22 or HVA1 promoter activity in aleurone cells. Moreover, OsWRKY71 blocks the activation of the Amy32b promoter by the GA-inducible transcriptional activator OsGAMYB. Consistent with its role as a transcriptional repressor, OsWRKY71 is localized to nuclei of aleurone cells and binds specifically to functionally defined TGAC-containing W boxes of the Amy32b promoter in vitro. Mutation of the two W boxes prevents the binding of OsWRKY71 to the mutated promoter, and releases the suppression of the OsGAMYB-activated Amy32b expression by OsWRKY71, suggesting that OsWRKY71 blocks GA signaling by functionally interfering with OsGAMYB. Exogenous GA treatment decreases the steady-state mRNA level of OsWRKY71 and destabilizes the GFP:OsWRKY71 fusion protein. These findings suggest that OsWRKY71 encodes a transcriptional repressor of GA signaling in aleurone cells.
TL;DR: The relation of attachment style to subjective motivations for sex was investigated in an Internet survey of 1999 respondents and, as predicted, attachment anxiety was positively related to overall sexual motivation and to all specific motives for sex, with the exception of physical pleasure.
Abstract: The relation of attachment style to subjective motivations for sex was investigated in an Internet survey of 1999 respondents. The relations of attachment anxiety and avoidance to overall sexual motivation and to the specific motives for emotional closeness, reassurance, self-esteem enhancement, stress reduction, partner manipulation, protection from partner's negative affect and behavior, power exertion, physical pleasure, nurturing one's partner, and procreation were explored. As predicted, attachment anxiety was positively related to overall sexual motivation and to all specific motives for sex, with the exception of physical pleasure. Avoidance was negatively related to emotional closeness and reassurance as goals of sex and positively related to manipulative use of sex but minimally related to most other motives. Sexual passion was positively related to attachment anxiety and negatively related to avoidance, and anxiety was related to the maintenance of passion over time, whereas avoidance was related to loss of passion over time.
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: The methods in this paper are unusually flexible, including means that are direct and indirect, didactic and experiential, instructional and metaphorical, and cognitively rationalized approaches are questioning the primacy of changes in cognitive content.
Abstract: Beyond their existence in the behavior therapy tradition broadly defined, no single factor unites the methods presented in this volume more than how hard it is to classify them using existing terms within empirical clinical psychology. Many are venturing boldly into areas outside the behavior therapy tradition, such as dialectics, spirituality, relationship, and mindfulness. The methods are unusually flexible, including means that are direct and indirect, didactic and experiential, instructional and metaphorical. Cognitively rationalized approaches are questioning the primacy of changes in cognitive content. Behaviorally rationalized approaches are embracing cognitive topics. What is going on here? When many new approaches emerge that are difficult to classify, it is possibly a sign that the field itself is reorganizing. This has happen before in behavior therapy. It seems to be happening again (Hayes, in press).