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Institution

University of Nevada, Reno

EducationReno, Nevada, United States
About: University of Nevada, Reno is a education organization based out in Reno, Nevada, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 13561 authors who have published 28217 publications receiving 882002 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Nevada & Nevada State University.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
11 Dec 1997-Nature
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that ground motion amplification due to sediments for the main shock of the 1994 Northridge earthquake was up to a factor of two less than the amplification observed for its aftershocks.
Abstract: It has been known since at least 1898 (ref 1) that sediments can amplify earthquake ground motion relative to bedrock For the weak ground motion accompanying small earthquakes, the amplification due to sediments is well understood in terms of linear elasticity (Hooke's law)2, but there has been a long-standing debate regarding the amplification associated with the strong ground motion produced by large earthquakes The view of geotechnical engineers, based largely on laboratory studies, is that Hooke's law breaks down at larger strains causing a reduced (nonlinear) amplification Seismologists, on the other hand, have tended to remain sceptical of this nonlinear effect, mainly because the relatively few strong-motion observations seemed to be consistent with linear elasticity Although some recent earthquake studies have demonstrated nonlinear behaviour under certain circumstances3,4, the significance of nonlinearity for the type of stiff-soil sites found in the greater Los Angeles region remains unresolved5 Here we report that ground-motion amplification due to sediments for the main shock of the 1994 Northridge earthquake was up to a factor of two less than the amplification observed for its aftershocks These observations imply significant nonlinearity in such amplification, and bring into question the use of measurements of weak ground motion to predict the strong ground motion at sedimentary sites

240 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The latest research in the use of mesenchymal stem cells in transplantation for generalized diseases, local implantation for local tissue defects, and as a vehicle for genes in gene therapy protocols are summarized.
Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been isolated not only from bone marrow, but also from many other tissues such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver, brain and pancreas. Because MSC were found to have the ability to differentiate into cells of multiple organs and systems such as bone, fat, cartilage, muscle, neurons, hepatocytes and insulin-producing cells, MSCs have generated a great deal of interest for their potential use in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Furthermore, given the ease of their isolation and their extensive expansion rate and differentiation potential, mesenchymal stem cells are among the first stem cell types that have a great potential to be introduced in the clinic. Finally, mesenchymal stem cells seem to be not only hypoimmunogenic and thus be suitable for allogeneic transplantation, but they are also able to produce immunosuppression upon transplantation. In this review we summarize the latest research in the use of mesenchymal stem cells in transplantation for generalized diseases, local implantation for local tissue defects, and as a vehicle for genes in gene therapy protocols.

240 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Suzuki-Miyaura couplings were used to generate 12 substituted o-terphenyl derivatives and calculations predict the Scholl reaction in alkoxyarenes to proceed via arenium cations, not radical cations.
Abstract: Guidelines for the application of the Scholl reaction were developed. Labeling experiments demonstrate that the Scholl reaction fails in small, unsubstituted oligophenylenes (e.g., o-terphenyl) due to oligomerization of the products (e.g., triphenylene). Incorporation of suitably placed blocking groups (e.g., t-butyl) suppresses oligomerization. The well-established directing group effects in electrophilic aromatic substitution predict the outcome of Scholl reactions of substituted substrates. Activating o,p-directing groups (e.g., MeO) direct bond formation o,p, either intramolecularly or intermolecularly. Deactivating o,p-directing groups (e.g., Br) also direct bond formation o,p but yields are lower. Deactivating m-directors (e.g., NO2) suppress reaction. MoCl5 and PhI(OOCCF3)2/BF3·Et2O are general and effective reagents for the Scholl oxidation. Calculations (B3LYP/6-31G(d)) predict the Scholl reaction in alkoxyarenes to proceed via arenium cations, not radical cations. Suzuki−Miyaura couplings were u...

240 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the acceleration of multi-MeV protons from the rear surface of thin solid foils irradiated by an intense ($\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{18}\text{ }\text{ W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$) and short (1.5
Abstract: The acceleration of multi-MeV protons from the rear surface of thin solid foils irradiated by an intense ($\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{18}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$) and short ($\ensuremath{\sim}1.5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{ps}$) laser pulse has been investigated using transverse proton probing. The structure of the electric field driving the expansion of the proton beam has been resolved with high spatial and temporal resolution. The main features of the experimental observations, namely, an initial intense sheath field and a late time field peaking at the beam front, are consistent with the results from particle-in-cell and fluid simulations of thin plasma expansion into a vacuum.

240 citations

Proceedings Article
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: BatchCrypt is presented, a system solution for cross-silo FL that substantially reduces the encryption and communication overhead caused by HE, and develops new quantization and encoding schemes along with a novel gradient clipping technique.
Abstract: Cross-silo federated learning (FL) enables organizations (e.g., financial or medical) to collaboratively train a machine learning model by aggregating local gradient updates from each client without sharing privacy-sensitive data. To ensure no update is revealed during aggregation, industrial FL frameworks allow clients to mask local gradient updates using additively homomorphic encryption (HE). However, this results in significant cost in computation and communication. In our characterization, HE operations dominate the training time, while inflating the data transfer amount by two orders of magnitude. In this paper, we present BatchCrypt, a system solution for cross-silo FL that substantially reduces the encryption and communication overhead caused by HE. Instead of encrypting individual gradients with full precision, we encode a batch of quantized gradients into a long integer and encrypt it in one go. To allow gradient-wise aggregation to be performed on ciphertexts of the encoded batches, we develop new quantization and encoding schemes along with a novel gradient clipping technique. We implemented BatchCrypt as a plugin module in FATE, an industrial cross-silo FL framework. Evaluations with EC2 clients in geo-distributed datacenters show that BatchCrypt achieves 23×-93× training speedup while reducing the communication overhead by 66×-101×. The accuracy loss due to quantization errors is less than 1%.

239 citations


Authors

Showing all 13726 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Robert Langer2812324326306
Thomas C. Südhof191653118007
David W. Johnson1602714140778
Menachem Elimelech15754795285
Jeffrey L. Cummings148833116067
Bing Zhang121119456980
Arturo Casadevall12098055001
Mark H. Ellisman11763755289
Thomas G. Ksiazek11339846108
Anthony G. Fane11256540904
Leonardo M. Fabbri10956660838
Gary H. Lyman10869452469
Steven C. Hayes10645051556
Stephen P. Long10338446119
Gary Cutter10373740507
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202368
2022222
20211,756
20201,743
20191,514
20181,397