University of Nevada, Reno

About: University of Nevada, Reno is a education organization based out in Reno, Nevada, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 13561 authors who have published 28217 publications receiving 882002 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Nevada & Nevada State University.

Viability assessment of mammalian sperm using SYBR-14 and propidium iodide.

Abstract: The proportion of living sperm in semen from six representative mammals was assessed by means of a dual staining technique using the stains SYBR-14 and propidium iodide (PI). SYBR-14, a newly developed fluorescent nucleic acid stain, maximally absorbs at 488 nm and emits at 518 nm when bound to DNA. Microscopic examination revealed that SYBR-14 stained the nuclei of living sperm bright green as determined by simultaneous examination of fluorescence and motility. Conversely, PI stained only nonmotile sperm that had lost their membrane integrity. Sperm from bulls, boars, rams, rabbits, mice, and men were stained and examined through use of fluorescence microscopy. The proportions of living and dead sperm were determined by first staining with SYBR-14 and PI and then assessing stain uptake by flow cytometry. Similar staining patterns were observed in all six mammalian species tested. Three populations of sperm were identified: living--SYBR-14 stained, dead--PI stained, and moribund--doubly stained. The SYBR-14 staining was replaced by PI staining as sperm progressed from living to moribund. The transition from green (SYBR-14) to red (PI) fluorescence started at the posterior region of the sperm head and proceeded anteriorly. The proportions of living and dead sperm in mammalian semen were readily identified through use of dual staining with SYBR-14 and PI and quantified through use of flow cytometry.

The role of purchasing in corporate social responsibility : a structural equation analysis

Abstract: Researchers in the field of corporate social responsibility (CSR) have examined a broad array of activities including environmental management, ethical issues, the advancement of a diverse workplace, safety, human rights, philanthropic donations, and community involvement. Yet despite over 30 years of inquiry in this field, there has been no holistic, empirical investigation of the particular dimensions or sets of activities that are encompassed by CSR and the relationship between ethics and CSR. In the purchasing and supply management literature, similar sets of activities have been investigated, but generally as separate, standalone streams of research with little recognition of their potential inter-relatedness. The current study empirically identified the dimensions of purchasing's involvement in CSR and applied the label purchasing social responsibility (PSR).

Appealing to fear: A meta-analysis of fear appeal effectiveness and theories.

Abstract: Fear appeals are a polarizing issue, with proponents confident in their efficacy and opponents confident that they backfire. We present the results of a comprehensive meta-analysis investigating fear appeals' effectiveness for influencing attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. We tested predictions from a large number of theories, the majority of which have never been tested meta-analytically until now. Studies were included if they contained a treatment group exposed to a fear appeal, a valid comparison group, a manipulation of depicted fear, a measure of attitudes, intentions, or behaviors concerning the targeted risk or recommended solution, and adequate statistics to calculate effect sizes. The meta-analysis included 127 articles (9% unpublished) yielding 248 independent samples (NTotal = 27,372) collected from diverse populations. Results showed a positive effect of fear appeals on attitudes, intentions, and behaviors, with the average effect on a composite index being random-effects d = 0.29. Moderation analyses based on prominent fear appeal theories showed that the effectiveness of fear appeals increased when the message included efficacy statements, depicted high susceptibility and severity, recommended one-time only (vs. repeated) behaviors, and targeted audiences that included a larger percentage of female message recipients. Overall, we conclude that (a) fear appeals are effective at positively influencing attitude, intentions, and behaviors; (b) there are very few circumstances under which they are not effective; and (c) there are no identified circumstances under which they backfire and lead to undesirable outcomes.

Environmental and societal factors affect food choice and physical activity: rationale, influences, and leverage points.

Abstract: Sarah L. Booth, Ph.D., Vitamin K Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDAHuman Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA; James F. Sallis, Ph.D., F.A.C.S.M., Department ofPsychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA; Cheryl Ritenbaugh, Ph.D., M.P.H., Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, O R James 0. Hill, Ph.D., Center for Human Nutrition, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO; Leann L. Birch, Ph.D., Department ofHuman Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; Lawrence D. Frank, Ph.D., College OfArchitecture, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA; Karen Glanz, Ph.D., M.P.H., Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI; David A. Himmelgreen, Ph.D., Department ofAnthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Michael Mudd, Corporate Affairs, Kraft Foods, Inc., Northfield, IL; Barry M. Popkin, Ph.D., Department ofNutrition, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Karyl A. Rickard, Ph.D., R.D., C.S.P., F.A.D.A., Nutrition and Dietetics Program, School ofAllied Health Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; Sachiko St. Jeor, Ph.D., R.D., Nutrition Education and Research Program, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, W, Nicholas P. Hays, M.S., Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA.