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Institution

University of Nevada, Reno

EducationReno, Nevada, United States
About: University of Nevada, Reno is a education organization based out in Reno, Nevada, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 13561 authors who have published 28217 publications receiving 882002 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Nevada & Nevada State University.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a stochastic frontier cost function is used to specify the cost of inefficiency of publicly and privately owned urban water utilities in terms of their different ownership structures and firm-specific characteristics.

188 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper used fine-scale distributional records developed over the past century, combined with spatially comprehensive microclimatic data, to demonstrate a dramatic shift in the range of a climate-sensitive mammal and to infer the increasingly important role of climate in local extinctions of this species across a 38.2 million-ha area.
Abstract: Contemporary climate change is expected to affect the distributions of most species, but the nature, tempo, and mechanics of contemporary range shifts are still largely speculative. Here, we use fine-scale distributional records developed over the past Century, combined with spatially comprehensive microclimatic data, to demonstrate a dramatic shift in the range of a climate-sensitive mammal and to infer the increasingly important role of climate in local extinctions of this species across a 38.2 million-ha area. Changes in the distribution of the American pika (Ochotona princeps) throughout the Great Basin ecoregion were characterized using records from 1898–2008, revealing a nearly five-fold increase in the rate of local extinction and an 11-fold increase in the rate of upslope range retraction during the last ten years, compared with during the 20th Century. Four of ten local pika extinctions have occurred since 1999, and across this ecoregion the low-elevation range boundary for this species is now moving upslope at an average rate of about 145 m per decade. The rapid, ecoregional range shift of this small, talus-dwelling species stands in remarkable contrast with the dynamics and determinants of endangerment previously observed for most terrestrial species, and to earlier extinction determinants for O. princeps in this region. Further investigation of widely distributed species will clarify rates at which biotic response to environmental change is occurring, and how factors driving that change are evolving in different portions of the earth.

188 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The plasticity of ICC networks in response to partial obstruction may be an important tool for evaluating the cellular/molecular factors responsible for the regulation and maintenance of the ICC phenotype.
Abstract: 1. Partial obstruction of the murine ileum led to changes in the gross morphology and ultrastructure of the tunica muscularis. Populations of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) decreased oral, but not aboral, to the site of obstruction. Since ICC generate and propagate electrical slow waves in gastrointestinal muscles, we investigated whether the loss of ICC leads to loss of function in partial bowel obstruction. 2. Changes in ICC networks and electrical activity were monitored in the obstructed murine intestine using immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and intracellular electrophysiological techniques. 3. Two weeks following the onset of a partial obstruction, the bowel increased in diameter and hypertrophy of the tunica muscularis was observed oral to the obstruction site. ICC networks were disrupted oral to the obstruction, and this disruption was accompanied by the loss of electrical slow waves and responses to enteric nerve stimulation. These defects were not observed aboral to the obstruction. 4. Ultrastructural analysis revealed no evidence of cell death in regions where the lesion in ICC networks was developing. Cells with a morphology intermediate between smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts were found in locations that are typically populated by ICC. These cells may have been the redifferentiated remnants of ICC networks. 5. Removal of the obstruction led to the redevelopment of ICC networks and recovery of slow wave activity within 30 days. Neural responses were partially restored in 30 days. 6. These data describe the plasticity of ICC networks in response to partial obstruction. After obstruction the ICC phenotype was lost, but these cells regenerated when the obstruction was removed. This model may be an important tool for evaluating the cellular/molecular factors responsible for the regulation and maintenance of the ICC phenotype.

188 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 1995-Langmuir
TL;DR: In this paper, a general synthetic route to alkanethiols useful in forming self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) starting from amines, RNH 2, and converting them, via α-chloroamides RNHCOCH 2 Cl, to thiols having the structure RNH COCH 2 SH.
Abstract: This paper outlines a general synthetic route to alkanethiols useful in forming self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) starting from amines, RNH 2 , and converting them, via α-chloroamides RNHCOCH 2 Cl, to thiols having the structure RNHCOCH 2 SH. The wettabilities (estimated from contact angles of water and hexadecane) and the thicknesses (as measured by ellipsometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS) of SAMs having an amide moiety β to Au/thiolate were similar to those of SAMs of alkanethiols with similar backbone length on gold. The internal amide group present in SAMs prepared from CF 3 CH 2 -NHCOCH 2 SH increases their stability against desorption or exchange with hexadecanethiol in ethanol relative to SAMs from CF 3 (CH 2 ) 3 SH. The desorption of SAMs from CF 3 (CH 2 ) 3 SH was first order in the alkanethiolate and had a half-life of ∼2 h at 10 -9 Torr ; SAMs from CF 3 CH 2 NHCOCH 2 SH, by contrast, showed no loss after 48 h at ∼ 10 9 Torr. The rate of exchange of a SAM from CF 3 CH 2 NHCOCH 2 SH with hexadecanethiol in ethanol was 10 2 -10 3 times slower than the SAMs from CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 SH or from CF 3 (CH 2 ) 3 -SH. The susceptibility of a SAM prepared from a short-chain alkanethiol (e.g., CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 SH or CF 3 -CH 2 NHCOCH 2 SH) to damage by UV was 10 times greater than that observed for a SAM prepared from hexadecanethiol (as measured by XPS). UV damage of SAMs derived from CF 3 CH 2 NHCOCH 2 SH, followed by protection ofthe UV-damaged SAM by replacement with hexadecanethiol and etching, gave gold patterns with minimum feature sizes of 5 μm ; these sizes were limited by the lithographic procedure used and do not reflect the true edge resolution of this photolithographic method.

188 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The IoT becomes an instance of cyberphysical systems (CPSs) with the incorporation of sensors and actuators in IoT devices, thereby creating opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into the cyber world.
Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of physical things, objects, or devices, such as radio-frequency identification tags, sensors, actuators, mobile phones, and laptops. The IoT enables objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, including the Internet, thereby creating opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into the cyber world. The IoT becomes an instance of cyberphysical systems (CPSs) with the incorporation of sensors and actuators in IoT devices. Objects in the IoT have the potential to be grouped into geographical or logical clusters. Various IoT clusters generate huge amounts of data from diverse locations, which creates the need to process these data more efficiently. Efficient processing of these data can involve a combination of different computation models, such as in situ processing and offloading to surrogate devices and cloud-data centers.

188 citations


Authors

Showing all 13726 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Robert Langer2812324326306
Thomas C. Südhof191653118007
David W. Johnson1602714140778
Menachem Elimelech15754795285
Jeffrey L. Cummings148833116067
Bing Zhang121119456980
Arturo Casadevall12098055001
Mark H. Ellisman11763755289
Thomas G. Ksiazek11339846108
Anthony G. Fane11256540904
Leonardo M. Fabbri10956660838
Gary H. Lyman10869452469
Steven C. Hayes10645051556
Stephen P. Long10338446119
Gary Cutter10373740507
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202368
2022222
20211,756
20201,743
20191,514
20181,397