University of Nevada, Reno

About: University of Nevada, Reno is a education organization based out in Reno, Nevada, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 13561 authors who have published 28217 publications receiving 882002 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Nevada & Nevada State University.

Anchoring the Gas-Phase Acidity Scale†

Abstract: Theoretical calculations and experimental values from the recent literature are used to construct and evaluate a high precision gas-phase acidity scale. Gas-phase acidities at 0 K are evaluated for 12 reference species with accurately known acidities. Using recent spectroscopic results, small but significant revisions are presented for the acidities of ammonia, water, and formaldehyde. These revised anchor acidities are applied to previous thermokinetic or equilibrium measurements of the acidities of small alkanols, ethene, and benzene. Combined with electron affinities from literature negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, the revised acidities yield the following improved bond dissociation enthalpies: D298(CH3O−H) = 437.7 ± 2.8 kJ/mol, D298(C2H5O−H) = 438.1 ± 3.3 kJ/mol, D298((CH3)2CHO−H) = 442.3 ± 2.8 kJ/mol, D298((CH3)3CO−H) = 444.9 ± 2.8 kJ/mol, D298(C2H3−H) = 463.0 ± 2.7 kJ/mol, and D298(C6H5BH) = 472.2 ± 2.2 kJ/mol. Calculation of gas-phase acidities at 0 K are investigated for seve...

Explaining the Variation in Elasticity Estimates of Gasoline Demand in the United States: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract: systematically affect price and income elasticity estimates in studies of gasoline demand in the United States . Elasticity estimates from previous studies are used as the dependent variable with data characteristics, model structure , and estimation technique as the independent variables. Included among the explanatory variables are functional form, lag structure, time span, and national setting (U.S. versus the U.S. pooled with other countries). Inclusion of vehicle ownership in gasoline demand studies is found to result in lower estimates of income elasticity, data sets which pool U.S. and foreign data result in larger (absolute) estimates of both price and income elasticity, and the small difference between static and dynamic models suggests that lagged responses to price or income changes are relatively short. This study also found that elasticity estimates appear relatively robust across estimation techniques.

Current Issues -P erspectives and Reviews Toward a New Sexual Selection Paradigm: Polyandry, Conflict and Incompatibility (Invited Article)

Abstract: Darwin’s recognition that male–male competition and female choice could favor the evolution of exaggerated male traits detrimental to survival set the stage for more than a century of theoretical and empirical work on sexual selection. While this Darwinian paradigm represents one of the most profound insights in biology, its preoccupation with sexual selection as a directional evolutionary force acting on males has diverted attention away from the selective processes acting on females. Our understanding of female reproduction has been further confounded by discreet female mating tactics that have perpetuated the illusion of the monogamous female and masked the potential for conflict between the sexes. With advances in molecular techniques leading to the discovery that polyandry is a pervasive mating strategy, recognition of these shortcomings has brought the study of sexual selection to its current state of flux. In this paper, we suggest that progress in two key areas is critical to formulation of a more inclusive, sexual selection paradigm that adequately incorporates selection from the female perspective. First, we need to develop a better understanding of male · female and maternal · paternal genome interactions and the role that polyandry plays in providing females with non-additive genetic benefits such as incompatibility avoidance. Consideration of these interaction effects influencing natural selection on females is important because they can complicate and even undermine directional sexual selection on males. Secondly, because antagonistic coevolution maintains a balance between opposing sides that obscures the conflict itself, many more experimental evolution studies and interventionist investigations (e.g. gene knockouts) are needed to tease apart male manipulative adaptations and female counter-adaptations. It seems evident that the divisiveness and controversy that has plagued sexual selection theory since Darwin first proposed the idea has often stalled progress in this important field of evolutionary biology. What is now needed is a more pluralistic and integrative approach that considers natural as

Exploiting chemistry and molecular systems for quantum information science

Abstract: The power of chemistry to prepare new molecules and materials has driven the quest for new approaches to solve problems having global societal impact, such as in renewable energy, healthcare and information science In the latter case, the intrinsic quantum nature of the electronic, nuclear and spin degrees of freedom in molecules offers intriguing new possibilities to advance the emerging field of quantum information science In this Perspective, which resulted from discussions by the co-authors at a US Department of Energy workshop held in November 2018, we discuss how chemical systems and reactions can impact quantum computing, communication and sensing Hierarchical molecular design and synthesis, from small molecules to supramolecular assemblies, combined with new spectroscopic probes of quantum coherence and theoretical modelling of complex systems, offer a broad range of possibilities to realize practical quantum information science applications Molecular design and synthesis, from small molecules to supramolecular assemblies, combined with new spectroscopic probes of quantum coherence and theoretical modelling, offer a broad range of possibilities to realize practical quantum information science applications in computing, communications and sensing

Evidence for crystalline water and ammonia ices on Pluto's satellite charon.

Abstract: Observations have resolved the satellite Charon from its parent planet Pluto, giving separate spectra of the two objects from 1.0 to 2.5 micrometers. The spectrum of Charon is found to be different from that of Pluto, with water ice in crystalline form covering most of the surface of the satellite. In addition, an absorption feature in Charon's spectrum suggests the presence of ammonia ices. Ammonia ice–water ice mixtures have been proposed as the cause of flowlike features observed on the surfaces of many icy satellites. The existence of such ices on Charon may indicate geological activity in the satellite's past.