University of Nevada, Reno

About: University of Nevada, Reno is a education organization based out in Reno, Nevada, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 13561 authors who have published 28217 publications receiving 882002 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Nevada & Nevada State University.

“On−Off” Au(I)···Cu(I) Interactions in a Au(NHC)2 Luminescent Vapochromic Sensor

Abstract: Reaction of the Au(I) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) compound [Au(im(CH2py)2)2]PF6 with 2 equiv of [Cu(MeCN)4]PF6 affords the tricationic compound [Au(im(CH2py)2)2(Cu(MeCN)2)2](PF6)3 (1), which exhibits blue luminescence (λmax = 462 nm). Reaction of 1 with either liquid MeOH or MeOH vapor affords [Au(im(CH2py)2)2(Cu(MeOH))2](PF6)3 (2), which produces green luminescence (λmax = 520 nm) under UV excitation. The molecular structures of 1·2MeCN and 2·2MeOH·2Et2O were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 contains a linearly coordinated [Au(NHC)2]+ core in which each picolyl side arm bridges a [Cu(MeCN)2]+ center. The Au···Cu separations are long at 4.596 A. Compound 2 exhibits two short Au···Cu interactions of 2.7195(7) A, with the Au(NHC)2 core acting as an additional ligand toward each copper center to complete its tetrahedral coordination mode. Exposure of 2 to atmosphere produces a partial loss of MeOH accompanied by a luminescence color change to yellow (λmax = 543 nm). The uptake and ...

Space vector PWM technique with minimum switching losses and a variable pulse rate [for VSI]

Abstract: A novel randomized control strategy for three-phase voltage source inverters, based on voltage space vectors, is described. An implicit asymmetrical modulating function results in switching losses in the inverter being reduced by about half in comparison with those using the classic space vector pulsewidth PWM method. The pulse rate is varied within individual 60/spl deg/ sectors of the vector plane, so that the power spectra of the output voltage are spread over a wide frequency range and acquire a continuous part. Relevant theoretical analyses, computer simulations and experimental results are presented.

Multiscaling fractional advection‐dispersion equations and their solutions

Abstract: [1] The multiscaling fractional advection-dispersion equation (ADE) is a multidimensional model of solute transport that encompasses linear advection, Fickian dispersion, and super-Fickian dispersion. The super-Fickian term in these equations has a fractional derivative of matrix order that describes unique plume scaling rates in different directions. The directions need not be orthogonal, so the model can be applied to irregular, noncontinuum fracture networks. The statistical model underlying multiscaling fractional dispersion is a continuous time random walk (CTRW) in which particles have arbitrary jump length distributions and finite mean waiting time distributions. The meaning of the parameters in a compound Poisson process, a subset of CTRWs, is used to develop a physical interpretation of the equation variables. The Green's function solutions are the densities of operator stable probability distributions, the limit distributions of normalized sums of independent, and identically distributed random vectors. These densities can be skewed, heavy-tailed, and scale nonlinearly, resembling solute plumes in granular aquifers. They can also have fingers in any direction, resembling transport along discrete pathways such as fractures.

Glucose metabolism is altered in the adequately-nourished grand-offspring (F3 generation) of rats malnourished during gestation and perinatal life.

Abstract: To the Editor: A growing number of experimental animal studies have demonstrated the intergenerational effects of foetal/perinatal programming on birth weight, blood pressure and glucose metabolism. Potential explanations for these intergenerational effects include the following: (1) shared genetic attributes of parent and offspring; (2) adverse ‘extrinsic’ environmental conditions that persist across generations; and (3) adverse intrauterine environments that may be propagated across generations [1]. While a large number of animal studies have shown the effects of undernutrition during foetal/perinatal development on the glucose metabolism of exposed animals (F1) in adulthood [2], several studies have shown that glucose metabolism is also altered in the offspring (F2) of foetally malnourished F1 females, even when the F1 females have been well nourished since weaning [3, 4]. Here, we show, for the first time, that the glucose metabolism of the grandoffspring (F3) of female rats malnourished during development is also adversely affected. Sprague–Dawley rats consumed either a nutritionally adequate diet (20% protein; TD 91352; Harlan Teklad, Madison, WI, USA), or an isoenergetic, low-protein diet (8% protein; TD 93033; Harlan Teklad) from day 1 of pregnancy through lactation. Pups that were protein malnourished in utero consumed an adequate unrestricted diet post-weaning. The dams of control pups were adequately nourished throughout pregnancy and their offspring consumed an adequate unrestricted diet postweaning. To conserve animal resources, only one generation of control animals was bred. At ∼70 days of age, control and experimental animals were deprived of food overnight and subjected to an i.p. glucose tolerance test. Animals were killed under CO2 anaesthesia at 0, 30 and 120 min after glucose load (30% w/v; 2 g/kg body weight, i.p.). Blood was collected by cardiac puncture. Four female first-generation (F1) rats, whose mothers were proteinmalnourished both during pregnancy and while nursing, were randomly selected from the experimental group at ∼70 days of age. The selected F1 rats were mated with control breeder males and maintained on the adequate diet throughout gestation and lactation. Their offspring, the F2 generation, also consumed an adequate diet post-weaning. At ∼70 days of age, glucose tolerance tests were conducted on the F2 rats as described above. A final generation of animals (F3) was bred from control breeder males and four randomly selected F2 dams whose mothers (F1) had been protein-malnourished throughout pregnancy and lactation. F3 animals were maintained on the adequate diet and tested as described. This research was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at Arizona State University. Animals were maintained in accordance with the ‘Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals’ of the National Research Council (7th ed., 1996). As in previous reports [1, 2], the mean (±SEM) birthweight of F1 animals in our study (5.29±0.082 g) was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of control animals D. C. Benyshek (*) Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-5003, USA e-mail: daniel.benyshek@unlv.edu Tel.: +1-702-8952070 Fax: +1-702-8954823