University of Nevada, Reno

About: University of Nevada, Reno is a education organization based out in Reno, Nevada, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 13561 authors who have published 28217 publications receiving 882002 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Nevada & Nevada State University.

Genes That Are Uniquely Stress Regulated in Salt Overly Sensitive (sos) Mutants

Abstract: Repetitive rounds of differential subtraction screening, followed by nucleotide sequence determination and northern-blot analysis, identified 84 salt-regulated (160 mm NaCl for 4 h) genes in Arabidopsis wild-type (Col-0 gl1 ) seedlings. Probes corresponding to these 84 genes and ACP1 , RD22BP1 , MYB2 , STZ , and PAL were included in an analysis of salt responsive gene expression profiles in gl1 and the salt-hypersensitive mutant sos3 . Six of 89 genes were expressed differentially in wild-type and sos3 seedlings; steady-state mRNA abundance of five genes ( AD06C08/ unknown, AD05E05/ vegetative storage protein 2 [ VSP2 ], AD05B11 /S-adenosyl-l-Met:salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase [ SAMT ], AD03D05 /cold regulated 6.6/inducible2 [ COR6.6/KIN2 ], and salt tolerance zinc finger [ STZ ]) was induced and the abundance of one gene ( AD05C10 /circadian rhythm-RNA binding1 [ CCR1 ]) was reduced in wild-type plants after salt treatment. The expression of CCR1 , SAMT , COR6.6/KIN2 , and STZ was higher in sos3 than in wild type, and VSP2 and AD06C08/ unknown was lower in the mutant. Salt-induced expression of VSP2 in sos1 was similar to wild type, and AD06C08/ unknown , CCR1 , SAMT , COR6.6/KIN2 , and STZ were similar to sos3. VSP2 is regulated presumably by SOS2/3 independent of SOS1 , whereas the expression of the others is SOS1 dependent. AD06C08/ unknown and VSP2 are postulated to be effectors of salt tolerance whereas CCR1 , SAMT , COR6.6/KIN2 , and STZ are determinants that must be negatively regulated during salt adaptation. The pivotal function of the SOS signal pathway to mediate ion homeostasis and salt tolerance implicates AD06C08 /unknown, VSP2 , SAMT , 6.6/KIN2 , STZ , and CCR1 as determinates that are involved in salt adaptation.

Interstitial cells: involvement in rhythmicity and neural control of gut smooth muscle

Abstract: Many smooth muscles display spontaneous electrical and mechanical activity, which persists in the absence of any stimulation. In the past this has been attributed largely to the properties of the smooth muscle cells. Now it appears that in several organs, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, activity in smooth muscles arises from a separate group of cells, known as interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), which are distributed amongst the smooth muscle cells. Thus in the gastrointestinal tract, a network of interstitial cells, usually located near the myenteric plexus, generates pacemaker potentials that are conducted passively into the adjacent muscle layers where they produce rhythmical membrane potential changes. The mechanical activity of most smooth muscle cells, can be altered by autonomic, or enteric, nerves innervating them. Previously it was thought that neuroeffector transmission occurred simply because neurally released transmitters acted on smooth muscle cells. However, in several, but not all, regions of the gastrointestinal tract, it appears that nerve terminals, rather than communicating directly with smooth muscle cells, preferentially form synapses with ICC and these relay information to neighbouring smooth muscle cells. Thus a set of ICC, which are distributed amongst the smooth muscle cells of the gut, are the targets of transmitters released by intrinsic enteric excitatory and inhibitory nerve terminals: in some regions of the gastrointestinal tract, the same set of ICC also augment the waves of depolarisation generated by pacemaker ICC. Similarly in the urethra, ICC, distributed amongst the smooth muscle cells, generate rhythmic activity and also appear to be the targets of autonomic nerve terminals.

Efficient Water Use in Residential Urban Landscapes

Abstract: In the United States, urban population growth, improved living standards, limited development of new water supplies, and dwindling current water supplies are causing the demand for treated municipal water to exceed the supply. Although water used to irrigate the residential urban landscape will vary according to factors such as landscape type, management practices, and region, landscape irrigation can vary from 40% to 70% of household use of water. So, the efficient use of irrigation water in urban landscapes must be the primary focus of water conservation. In addition, plants in a typical residential landscape often are given more water than is required to maintain ecosystem services such as carbon regulation, climate control, and preservation of aesthetic appearance. This implies that improvements in the efficiency of landscape irrigation will yield significant watersavings.UrbanareasacrosstheUnitedStatesfacedifferentwatersupplyanddemand issues and a range of factors will affect how water is used in the urban landscape. The purpose of this review is to summarize how irrigation and water application technologies; landscape design and management strategies; the relationship among people, plants, and the urban landscape; the reuse of water resources; economic and noneconomic incentives; and policy and ordinances impact the efficient use of water in the urban landscape.

Modeling lateral soil-pile response based on soil-pile interaction

Abstract: Although most designers prefer the p-y curve method as compared to elastic continuum or finite-element analysis of laterally loaded pile behavior, the profession has reached a state where it is tim...

Mediators of change in acceptance and commitment therapy for pediatric chronic pain.

Abstract: Even though psychological interventions are well established in the treatment of pediatric chronic pain, there is a clear need for further development, especially with severely disabled patients. However, optimizing effectiveness in psychological treatments for pain requires clarification of the mechanisms of action. Studies addressing change processes are scarce, however, particularly in relation to pediatric chronic pain. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), as an extension of traditional cognitive behavior therapy, is essentially aimed at improving functioning by increasing the ability to act effectively in the presence of pain and distress, that is, psychological flexibility. ACT has shown promising results for both adult and pediatric chronic pain. In the present study, the mediators of change in an ACT-oriented treatment for pediatric chronic pain were examined using a bootstrapped cross product of coefficients approach. Pain interference and depression were used as outcome variables. Six different variables relevant to theories underlying ACT and cognitive behavior therapy were included in the analyses as possible mediators of change: pain impairment beliefs, pain reactivity, self-efficacy, kinesiophobia, catastrophizing, and pain intensity. Results illustrated that pain impairment beliefs and pain reactivity were the only variables that significantly mediated the differential effects of treatment on outcomes at follow-up. Also, these 2 mediators were shown to independently predict effects in outcome variables at follow-up while controlling for earlier effects in outcome, but only for the ACT condition. Although tentative, the pattern of results suggests that variables consistent with psychological flexibility mediate the effects of ACT-based interventions to improve functioning in patients with chronic debilitating pain.