Showing papers by "University of New Brunswick published in 1977"
TL;DR: A rapid, simple, and inexpensive procedure is described for the isolation and base analysis of bacterial deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) in samples of 0.2 mg.
1,055 citations
TL;DR: A theoretical model of the electromyographic (EMG) signal showed that the EMG can be represented as an amplitude modulation process of the form EMG = [Kn(t)1/2 w( t) with the stochastic process, w(t), having the spectral and probability characteristics of the EMg during a constant contraction.
Abstract: A theoretical model of the electromyographic (EMG) signal has been developed In the model, the neural pulse train inputs were considered to be point processes which passed through linear, time-invariant systems that represented the respective motor unit action potential The outputs were then summed to produce the EMG It was assumed, that in the production of muscle force, the controlled parameter was the number of active motor units, n(t) The model then showed that the EMG can be represented as an amplitude modulation process of the form EMG = [Kn(t)1/2 w(t) with the stochastic process, w(t), having the spectral and probability characteristics of the EMG during a constant contraction Various assumptions made in the model development have been verified by experiments
164 citations
01 May 1977
TL;DR: A model is developed for the bipolar myoelectric signal to provide information about the relevant signal parameters and statistics, and the Bayes minimum probability of error receiver is derived for an orbitrary signal parameter set.
Abstract: In the multistate myoelectric channel, a single myoelectric signal source is used to control a multifunction powered prosthesis. The selection of a prosthesis function requires a receiver to process the myoelectric signal, contaminated with noise, and to decide on the basis of the received signals which function is desired. Thus the channnel cleady presents a problem of choice of receiver and of decision strategy. Previous sotutions to this problem have been basically empirical. In this paper we seek the optimum receiver where optimum is in the minimum probability of error sense. First a model is developed for the bipolar myoelectric signal to provide information about the relevant signal parameters and statistics. Using this information the Bayes minimum probability of error receiver is derived for an orbitrary signal parameter set. The optimum signal parameter set is then found for the Bayes receiver, and the receiver performance calculated. The receiver performance is measured and compared with the calculated performance. A significant performance improvement is seen in the optimum receiver over a more conventional receiver.
124 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple model is presented which can be used to predict the modifying effect of a dispersed-phase on the turbulence structure of two-phase jets, based on Kolmogorov's concept of spectral energy transfer.
91 citations
TL;DR: The chromatographic method has been used to study the sorption and diffusion of methane, ethane, propane, and cyclopropane in 5A molecular sieve as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The chromatographic method has been used to study the sorption and diffusion of methane, ethane, propane, and cyclopropane in 5A molecular sieve. Both the equilibrium isotherms and the time constants for zeolitic diffusion, obtained from the chromatographic peaks, agree well with the values obtained previously by the gravimetric method, thus confirming the validity of the experimental technique. The results obtained in several previously reported chromatographic studies are reviewed, and it is shown that the apparent discrepancies between chromatographic and gravimetric data arise mainly from differences in the way in which the micropore diffusivity is defined. The relative advantages and disadvantages of the gravimetric and chromatographic methods are briefly considered.
76 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of varying the friction, damping, tube/annulus stiffness and clearance on the r.m.s. contact forces were studied with two-dimensional sinusoidal excitation in air.
52 citations
44 citations
TL;DR: The term ‘Ohm's law’ traditionally denotes the formula of Georg Simon Ohm relating voltage, current, and resistance in metallic conductors, but to students of sensory physiology and its history, it also denotes another relationship: the fundamental principle of auditory perception that Ohm announced in 1843.
Abstract: The term ‘Ohm's law’ traditionally denotes the formula of Georg Simon Ohm relating voltage, current, and resistance in metallic conductors. But to students of sensory physiology and its history, ‘Ohm's law’ also denotes another relationship: the fundamental principle of auditory perception that Ohm announced in 1843. This aspect of Ohm's science has attracted very little attention, partly because his galvanic researches so thoroughly eclipsed it in success and importance, and partly because Ohm's work in physiological acoustics had so little immediate impact on the science of his time. On announcing his hypothesis in 1843, Ohm found himself drawn into a bitter dispute with the physicist August Seebeck, who successfully discredited the hypothesis and forced Ohm to withdraw from the field.
42 citations
TL;DR: Vibrio AF-1 produces the maximum cell yield at temperature <8°C irrespective of the carbon source utilised and correlated with maximum rates of sugar uptake and minimum O2 consumption.
Abstract: The growth characteristics of an obligately psychrophilic Vibrio sp. have been studied in a chemostat with glucose or lactose as the limiting substrate over a temperature range 0–23°C. Vibrio AF-1 has an optimum growth temperature of 15°C and maximum growth temperature which is dependent upon the carbon source. On glucose growth ceases at 20°C whereas on lactose growth continues to 23°C. Growth rate is also a function of the carbon source provided. When grown on glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose and galactose μmax values of 0.046 h-1 at 15°C were recorded whereas on lactose, mannose, ribose and xylose μmax values of 0.020 h-1 were obtained. Substrate affinities (K
s
) for the 9 sugars also fall into 2 divisions as for μmax and are temperature dependent. Those sugars which support a high growth rate have highest K
s
values at 0°C whereas these which give a low growth rate show maximum affinities at 15°C. Vibrio AF-1 produces the maximum cell yield (0.6 g/g sugar consumed) at temperature <8°C irrespective of the carbon source utilised and correlated with maximum rates of sugar uptake and minimum O2 consumption. Maintenance energy determination on glucose grown cells show that at 2° C 2% of the carbon input is used for maintenance whereas at 20°C the requirement increases to 10% of the carbon input.
41 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of the pulp and paper industry on the aquatic environment are discussed. But the authors focus on the pulp industry's effect on aquatic organisms. And they do not consider the effects on aquatic animals.
Abstract: (1977). The effects of the pulp and paper industry on the aquatic environment. C R C Critical Reviews in Environmental Control: Vol. 8, No. 1-4, pp. 153-195.
37 citations
TL;DR: TAT activity in brook trout appears to be correlated with protein catabolism, and there was food-induced peak of activity indicating a "diurnal rhythm" analogous to that of rat TAT.
Abstract: 1. 1. Starvation for over 50 days increased the activity of Tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) from brook trout liver and decreased liver glycogen. 2. 2. Cortisol (6–40 mg/100g body wt) increased TAT activity, optimally 72 hr post-injection; liver glycogen response to cortisol was variable while tissue water either increased or remained constant. 3. 3. Fish fed high-protein/low-carbohydrate had greater TAT activity than fish fed low-protein/high carbohydrate. There was food-induced peak of activity indicating a “diurnal rhythm” analogous to that of rat TAT. 4. 4. TAT activity in brook trout appears to be correlated with protein catabolism.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a Data Tablet Digitizer to determine the interfacial areas for gas-liquid systems in a column with transparent walls by chemical and two physical methods: photography and light attenuation.
Abstract: Interfacial areas were determined for gas-liquid systems in a column with transparent walls by the chemical and two physical methods: photography and light attenuation. The advantages of the different methods are discussed and improvements in the physical methods are described. By using a Data Tablet Digitizer, the photographic technique provides additional information on the gas dispersion without increasing the amount of work needed for analysis of the photographs. Use of the light attenuation technique is extended to conditions when multiple scattering and stray light must be taken into account; it can then be used up to values of optical path densities equal to 80.
On a determine les zones interfaciales, dans le cas de systemes formes de gaz et de liquides, dans une colonne dont les parois etaient transparentes; on a employe a cette fin les methodes chimiques et deux procedes physiques, a savoir la photographie et l'attenuation de la lumiere. On decrit les avantages des differentes methodes utilisees ainsi que les ameliorations des methodes physiques.
En employant un digitaliseur pour donnees, la methode photographique fournit des renseignements additionnels sur la dispersion des gaz sans necessiter un travail accru pour analyser les photographies. On fait une extension de la methode d'attenuation de la lumiere aux conditions dans lesquelles il faut tenir compte d'une dispersion multiple et d'une lumiere errante; on peut alors employer ladite methode pour des densites de portee optique atteignant 80.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the seasonal variation of HNO 3 -soluble Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, Ni, Mn and Fe in stream sediments derived from a background stream and an anomalous stream.
TL;DR: The philosophical convictions of Hermann von Helmholtz and the empiricist psychology he developed have been extensively discussed in historical literature, but the tacti assumptions about human physiology that underlaid these convictions have not usually been emphasized.
Abstract: The philosophical convictions of Hermann von Helmholtz and the empiricist psychology he developed have been extensively discussed in historical literature. This literature has not usually emphasized the tacit assumptions about human physiology that underlaid these convictions nor the way in which Helmholtz's epistemology served as a methodological directive in his research. Helmholtz assumed nerve transmission between sense organs and the mind to be a passive process. Distortion in stimulus patterns occurs physically in the sense organs, which can therefore be treated through mechanical analogies. Stimuli become converted to the perceptions of consciousness through mental processes that are essentially analogous to conscious, inductive inference and that are therefore susceptible, in principle, to introspective investigation. This view of mental function reflected Helmholtz's intellectual debt to German idealism, especially to the philosophical views of J. G. Fichte.
TL;DR: In this article, a similarity parameter for a confined turbulent jet system of constant cross section for which the nozzle fluid and the surrounding fluid have different densities was derived from the time smoothed equations of motion with certain simplifying assumptions.
Abstract: A similarity parameter has been obtained for a confined turbulent jet system of constant cross section for which the nozzle fluid and the surrounding fluid have different densities. This parameter was derived from the time smoothed equations of motion with certain simplifying assumptions. Velocity, temperature and tracer concentration profiles were measured on such a system with the similarity parameter, called the non-isothermal Craya-Curtet number, varied over a range of 0.22 to 1.2. The experimental data were correlated with the similarity parameter in a manner which supports its validity.
01 Jan 1977
TL;DR: In this article, a large spill of Bunker C oil occurred in Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada when the tanker "Arrow" grounded, and the oil from the tanker has persisted for over six years on rocks and in intertidal sediments on the shores of the bay.
Abstract: In February, 1970 a large spill of Bunker C oil occurred in Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada when the tanker "Arrow" grounded. Oil from the tanker has persisted for over six years on rocks and in intertidal sediments on the shores of the bay. During this period mortalities of common species in all major communities on both exposed and sheltered shores have occurred. On rocky shores, the dominant fucoid algae suffered heavy initial mortalities which were more severe at high tidal levels. Recolonization has proceeded from lower to higher levels but has not yet occurred in the high tide zone. Delayed recolonization appears to be related to long term toxicity. In salt-marsh and sheltered lagoonal communities, the dominant grass, salt marsh cord grass, suffered heavy mortality delayed one year from the initial spill, recovery commenced two years later and is proceeding steadily. Soft-shell clams in lagoonal sediments have shown persistent mortalities proportional to oil content of sediments. This pattern appears to be a result of direct toxicity, environmental change caused by oil and sub-lethal metabolic effects.
TL;DR: Daphnia magna le changement de the parthenogenese a la reproduction sexuelle est cause par l'action reciproque of the photoperiode, the temperature, the densite of the population, the disponibilite of nourriture and the qualite of l'eau dans laquelle on garde les animaux.
Abstract: [On montre que pour Daphnia magna le changement de la parthenogenese a la reproduction sexuelle est cause par l'action reciproque de la photoperiode, la temperature, la densite de la population, la disponibilite de nourriture et la qualite de l'eau dans laquelle on garde les animaux. Toutefois le changement est transitoire et les animaux se reproduisent par parthenogenese apres un certain temps meme gardes sous les conditions qui font au delut qu'ils se reproduisent sexuellement., On montre que pour Daphnia magna le changement de la parthenogenese a la reproduction sexuelle est cause par l'action reciproque de la photoperiode, la temperature, la densite de la population, la disponibilite de nourriture et la qualite de l'eau dans laquelle on garde les animaux. Toutefois le changement est transitoire et les animaux se reproduisent par parthenogenese apres un certain temps meme gardes sous les conditions qui font au delut qu'ils se reproduisent sexuellement.]
TL;DR: A new, rapid technique for the propagation of amaryllis (Hippeastrum spp. hybrids) by means of tissue culture is reported, with a substantial increase over present propagation methods.
Abstract: A new, rapid technique for the propagation of amaryllis (Hippeastrum spp. hybrids) by means of tissue culture is reported. Leaf bases, scapes, peduncles, inner bulb scales and ovaries were cultured successfully in vitro and plantlets were induced readily at various concentrations of growth regulators. Some plantlets also were produced in the absence of growth regulators. The most productive tissues for propagation were inverted scapes and peduncles, cultured in a modified Murashige and Skoog salt solution with added organic constituents and 1 mg per 1 (4.5μM) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1 mg per 1 (4.4μM) 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Plantlets induced axenically also grew roots on the generalized shoot-inducing medium so that no special rooting medium was required. Although friable callus was obtained from ovary tissue cultured on a medium containing 2 mg per 1 (11μM) naphthaleneacetic acid and 4 mg per 1 (18μM) BAP, it produced shoots after 8 weeks of further subculture on the same medium. An average of 10 rooted plantlets was obtained from each scape or peduncle explant on the shoot-propagating medium. Thus, if 45 explants are obtained from each bulb, 450 rudimentary plantlets could be obtained from each mother bulb in 8 weeks of culture. This is a substantial increase over present propagation methods.
TL;DR: Alpha abundance, an inverse function of cortical arousal, was found to increase with greater complexity of a series of 18 nonrepresentational works of art, suggesting that subjects may be less able to process the information content of paintings at higher levels of complexity.
Abstract: With a heterogenous sample of human subjects, alpha abundance, an inverse function of cortical arousal, was found to increase with greater complexity of a series of 18 nonrepresentational works of art This finding is contrary to those of previous EEG studies with artifically generated stimuli, which showed increased arousal with increasing complexity; but is consistent with those which reveal an interverted-U-shaped relation between arousal and complexity when the range of complexity sample is broad That is, at higher levels of complexity, subjects may be less able to process the information content of paintings Ratings of interestingness and pleasingness increased with complexity; it may be that they are dependent to some extent on social learning factors
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of adding active nitrogen and CO to the flame was investigated and the results were shown to be consistent with assigning the a and b states as triplets.
TL;DR: In this article, the origin of jointing is examined by using the concept of the microscopic Griffith crack of fracture mechanics, and a mechanism of fracture through residual stress connected with failure at compressive stress concentrations of Griffith cracks is proposed and its implications examined.
TL;DR: In the discounted version of this finite-state Markov decision problem, it is shown that the optimal value is unique and the optimal strategy is pure and stationary; however, they are dependent on the starting state.
Abstract: A finite-state Markov decision process, in which, associated with each action in each state, there are two rewards, is considered. The objective is to optimize the ratio of the two rewards over an infinite horizon. In the discounted version of this decision problem, it is shown that the optimal value is unique and the optimal strategy is pure and stationary; however, they are dependent on the starting state. Also, a finite algorithm for computing the solution is given.
TL;DR: The effect of Azodrin on avian development was studied using a bobwhite quail line and two chicken lines--a single comb White Leghorn (SCWL) and an Australorp line and may be mediated by interference with the normal energy balance.
Abstract: The effect of Azodrin on avian development was studied using a bobwhite quail line and two chicken lines--a single comb White Leghorn (SCWL) and an Australorp line. The bobwhite quail embryos did not respond to injections of Azodrin until stages 22 to 23 (6 days of incubation); the SCWL embryos, not until stage 18 (3 days of incubation) with increasing susceptibility through stage 20. The threshold concentration, at stage 19, for the SCWL was 0.4 mg/kg, for the Australorp, less. Within one hour of treatment stage-20 embryo shape was altered. There was, however, no immediate response from embryos treated earlier. The effect appeared as a reduced growth rate in the cervical flexure, and may be mediated by interference with the normal energy balance. The response, once initiated, was continuous through 10 days of incubation.
TL;DR: An improved method of treating Lilium cultivars ‘Enchantment’ and ‘Harmony’ with the growth regulators Ancymidol, CCC, and Ethrel is described, with several advantages: chemicals can be applied effectively at a much earlier development stage of the shoot; more effective control of shoot elongation is possible.
TL;DR: The 13C n.m.r. spectra of the 5β-hydroxylated phytoecdysones polypodine B, muristerone A and kaladasterone are presented and briefly discussed in this article.
Abstract: The 13C n.m.r. spectra of the 5β-hydroxylated phytoecdysones polypodine B, muristerone A and kaladasterone are presented and briefly discussed together with the spectrum of makisterone A. Comparisons with previously reported spectra of ecdysone, ecdysterone and poststerone are made and allow a correction for the C-20/C-24 assignment for ecdysone.
TL;DR: Based on the Jury and Lee criterion, two new graphical methods to determine the stability bounds for non-linear multivariable systems are developed and it is shown that Cook'sMultivariable circle theorem is a special case of the first method.
Abstract: Based on the Jury and Lee criterion, two new graphical methods to determine the stability bounds for non-linear multivariable systems are developed. It is shown that Cook's multivariable circle theorem is a special case of the first method. The methods are best used on an interactive graphics terminal. Examples are given to illustrate the computational procedure.
TL;DR: Comparison of template properties showed marked differences between the two chromatins with both homologous and heterologous enzymes, and SnRNA alone was found to be responsible for the stimulation of the transcriptional activity of normal cells to a level undistinguishable from that of the transformed cells.
TL;DR: In this paper, a pulse poisoning technique was used to determine the specific activities and metal areas of a series of supported metal catalysts for the hydrogenation of cyclopropane.
TL;DR: A mathematical model for treating stopped-flow measurements is developed and the use of a simple technique for determining enzyme activity, to a precision of 10%, is shown to be justified in typical circumstances.
TL;DR: In this article, the satellite gradiometry is used to improve the accuracy of local geoid estimation in local areas from a limited data coverage, where only three second-order gradients contribute significantly to the estimation of the geoidal undulations.
Abstract: Satellite gradiometry is studied as a means to improve the geoid in local areas from a limited data coverage. Least-squares collocation is used for this purpose because it allows to combine heterogeneous data in a consistent way and to estimate the integrated effect of the attenuated spectrum. In this way accuracy studies can be performed in a general and reliable manner. It is shown that only three second-order gradients contribute significantly to the estimation of the geoidal undulations and that it is sufficient to have gradiometer data in a 5°×5° area around the estimation point. The accuracy of the geoid determination is strongly dependent on the degree and order of the reference field used. An accuracy of about ±1 m can be achieved with a reference field of (12, 12). There is an optimal satellite altitude for each reference field and this altitude may be higher than 300 km for a field of low degree and order. The influence of measuring errors is discussed and it is shown that only gradiometer data with accuracies better than ±0.05 E will give a significant improvement of the geoid. Finally, some results on the combination of satellite gradiometry and terrestrial gravity measurements are given. The proposed method seems to be well suited for local geoid determinations down to the meter range. It is especially interesting for unsurveyed and difficult areas because no terrestrial measurements are necessary. Furthermore, it has the practical advantage that only a local data coverage is needed.