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Showing papers by "University of New Brunswick published in 1985"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the coupling agent γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane was used with trembling aspen, white birch and eastern white pine woods.
Abstract: Vinyl polymers in wood-polymer combinations fill cell cavities but do not bond to nor enter cell walls to any noticeable extent. The wood dimensional stability thus remains virtually unchanged. Nonleachable-bulking treatments which react with the cell wall material tend to diminish wood strength properties and do not appear to show promise for providing a link between the cell wall and the polymer. Alkoxysilane coupling agents are widely used to modify the interface between dissimilar materials, such as glass fibers and thermoplastic or thermosetting resins. The coupling agent γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane was used in this study with trembling aspen, white birch and eastern white pine woods. Antishrink efficiencies comparable to those reported for reactive chemical wood modifiers were obtained. This treatment did not require acidic or basic reaction conditions which could cause wood strength reductions. Its effects upon wood strength and the extent of bonding to the cell wall are presently under investigation.

120 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the best tools available for carrying out a structural analysis in a complex area are overprinting, style and patterns of orientation, which are reviewed briefly and discussed.

109 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: With few exceptions the upper mode fish smoltified and showed no gonadal maturation in June/July of the second year, following the segregation, while the lower mode fish did not smoltify and had a high incidence of mature males.

97 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that exposure of elongating needles of Pinus strobus L. to SO2 and other unidentified air pollutants delayed wax deposition in the epistomatal chambers.
Abstract: Summary Exposure of elongating needles of Pinus strobus L. to SO2 and other unidentified air pollutants delayed wax deposition in the epistomatal chambers. Following completion of wax deposition, the wax rodlets fused, forming plate like sheets. Needle wettability appeared to be increased as a result of modification of the epicuticular waxes, potentially increasing their sensitivity to acid rain-induced injury. This occurred without alteration of the structure of the stomatal complex itself. No alteration of wax form was evident on needles of P. banksiana Lamb., even under conditions which led to acute SO2 foliar injury.

78 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, two methods for stereoselective β-glycosylation of digitoxose were developed, the first achieved stereocontrol by a 1,3-participation of a N-methylurethane group under acid catalysis, and the second utilized mercuric-ion catalyzed cleavage of thioglycosides and a p-methoxybenzoyl group in a neutral medium.
Abstract: Two methods for stereoselective β-glycosylation of digitoxose were developed. The first achieved stereocontrol by a 1,3-participation of a N-methylurethane group under acid catalysis. The second utilized mercuric-ion catalyzed cleavage of thioglycosides and a 1,3-participation of a p-methoxybenzoyl group in a neutral medium. The first highly stereoselective and quite efficient synthesis of digitoxin (C7) was achieved by a combination of these methods. The furyl-substituted precursor IV of digitoxigenin (Scheme 1) was used as aglycone, and the furan group was converted to the unsaturated lactone of digitoxin by our known oxidation procedure (m-chloroperbenzoic acid/NaBH4) after the assembly of the carbohydrate portion of the molecule and its deblocking was completed.

73 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a numerical simulation of a pressure swing adsorption process is presented for a system in which a small concentration of an adsorbable component is separated from an inert carrier.
Abstract: A numerical simulation of a pressure swing adsorption process is presented for a system in which a small concentration of an adsorbable component is separated from an inert carrier. Linear equilibrium and a linear rate expression are assumed. The model equations were solved by orthogonal collocation and by finite difference methods with consistent results. The theory is shown to provide a good representation of the experimental data of Mitchell and Shendalman (1973) for the system CO2-He-silica gel.

72 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 1985
TL;DR: Growth experiments confirm that production by a bed of blue mussels may be controlled by tidal current speed through its effect on seston supply, and the mechanism involves a downstream seston depletion and is thus applicable only to populations of mussels.
Abstract: Growth experiments confirm that production by a bed of blue mussels(Mytilus edulis) may be controlled by tidal current speed through its effect on seston supply. The mechanism of this effect involves a downstream seston depletion and is thus applicable only to populations of mussels. Individual physiological responses by mussels, such as increased filtration, ingestion and assimilation rates at higher current speeds, are not involved in the enhanced bivalve production observed.

57 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Simulation numerique d'un simple systeme a deux lits, dans lequel les effets cinetiques and les changements de debit dus a ladsorption sont importants as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Simulation numerique d'un simple systeme a deux lits, dans lequel les effets cinetiques et les changements de debit dus a l'adsorption sont importants. Resolution des equations du modele par la methode de double collocation. Application a la separation d'air sur un tamis moleculaire de carbone (les parametres cinetiques et d'equilibre ayant ete mesures independemment), montrant que l'efficacite predite est en accord avec les donnees d'une unite commerciale dont on dispose

51 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 May 1985-Infor
TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered a generalized version of the newsboy problem and assumed that the product (e.g., donuts, vegetables, fashionwear) perishes in two periods, and one-period old items and fresh (new) items may be substituted if one of them is out of stock.
Abstract: In this paper we consider a generalized version of the newsboy problem and assume that the product (e,g., donuts, vegetables, fashionwear) perishes in two periods, and one-period-old items and fresh (new) items may be substituted if one of them is out of stock. We show that the one-period expected profit expression is a concave function of the order quantity of new items. We model this problem in the stochastic control theory framework and find optimal stationary policies after transforming the control problem to a Markov decision problem. We provide several numerical examples and discuss the sensitivity of the optimal policy to changes in the problem parameters.

48 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The calling behaviour of 0‐day‐old and 2‐day-old virgin female eastern spruce budworm moths, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) was observed during exposure to different concentrations of the synthetic female sex pheromone.
Abstract: The calling behaviour of 0-day-old and 2-day-old virgin female eastern spruce budworm moths, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) was observed during exposure to different concentrations of the synthetic female sex pheromone. Regardless of whether the females were exposed to pheromone or not, there were two daily peak periods of calling activity, one in the afternoon and the other after dusk. Those moths exposed to pheromone commenced calling at least 2 h earlier during their first peak of calling activity. Also, a greater number of moths engaged in calling when exposed to pheromone than those under control conditions. RESUME Modification du comportement d'appel des femelles de Choristoneura fumiferana exposees a la pheromone sexuelle synthetique de leur propre espece. Des experiences ont ete menees au laboratoire pour examiner si la pheromone sexuelle synthetique de C. fumiferana pouvait alterer le comportement d'appel de femelles vierges de la meme espece. Un appareil a ete concu pour liberer alternativement - a des intervalles determines - un courant d'air portant de la pheromone sexuelle ou un courant d'air pur, dans plusieurs flacons contenant des femelles vierges. Le comportement sexuel de mouches de 0 et 2 jours a ainsi ete observe. Independamment de l'exposition des femelles a la pheromone, il y avait deux pics quotidiens d'activite d'appel, l'un dans l'apres-midi et l'autre apres le crepuscule. Des papillons exposes au 1 × 10−6 mg ou 1 × 10−3 mg de pheromone avaient un premier pic d'appel au moins anterieur de 2 heures par rapport aux temoins. Ainsi il y avait un plus grand nombre de papillons engages dans une activite d'appel en presence de la pheromone que chez les temoins.

47 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article considers the problem of selecting the most profitable target value for a continuous production process in which there is a shift in the mean value of the quality characteristic and a heuristic is proposed that yields near-optimal solutions at substantial computational savings.
Abstract: This article considers the problem of selecting the most profitable target value for a continuous production process in which there is a shift in the mean value of the quality characteristic. If the characteristic of a given item falls in value below a given specification level, the item is sold as scrap. Otherwise, it is sold at its regular price. The objective is to select the initial setting and the run size that will maximize the unit profit. Profit per unit is defined as the expected profit from a given run minus the setup cost divided by the run size. Unique optimal solutions are derived. In addition, a heuristic is proposed that yields near-optimal solutions at substantial computational savings.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a new bad data suppression strategy for power system state estimation is proposed, where a transformation-decoupled state estimator is used in conjunction with a variable quadratic-constant criterion whose break even point is designed to track the upper bound of normalized residues of good measurements.
Abstract: This paper reports numerical results on tests of a new bad data suppression strategy for power system state estimation. A transformation-decoupled state estimator [1] is used in conjunction with a variable quadratic-constant criterion whose break even point is designed to track the upper bound of normalized residues of good measurements. Numerical simulations with a 6-bus test system and the IEEE 30-bus system show that the new bad data suppression strategy, is very effective for different systems under many uncertainties in the sizes and numbers of bad data with a moderate measurement redundancy.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The effect of non-normality parameters and measurement errors on the design parameters and on the loss-cost function is explained through numerical examples.

18 Nov 1985
TL;DR: In this paper, two basic static and dynamic computation assignment schemes are proposed for assigning the primary estimate computations (PECs) to processors in a parallel computer, which can be used to design parallel Monte Carlo algorithms for many applications.
Abstract: This paper demonstrates that the potential of intrinsic parallelism in Monte Carlo methods, which has remained essentially untapped so far, can be exploited to implement these methods efficiently on SIMD and MIMD computers. Two basic static and dynamic computation assignment schemes are proposed for assigning the primary estimate computations (PECs) to processors in a parallel computer. These schemes can be used to design parallel Monte Carlo algorithms for many applications. The time complexity analyses of static computation assignment (SCA) schemes are carried out using some results from order statistics, whereas those of dynamic computation assignment (DCA) schemes are carried out using results from order statistics, renewal and queueing theories. It is shown that for smaller number of processors, linear speedup can be achieved with the SCA schemes and the speedup almost equal to the number of processors can be achieved with the DCA schemes. Some computational results for Monte Carlo solutions of Lapla...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the optimal production run for a process under drift and/or shift is determined by minimizing the cost function, and a search algorithm as well as a graphical method are employed to locate the optimum solution.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of technological thinking in environmental management is examined, and it is concluded that, while technological thinking is a satisfactory tactical strategy, it has serious deficiencies when problems require strategic thinking.
Abstract: A style of thinking that is variously called technological, technocentric, and technocratic dominates environmental management. However, there is growing criticism of this style of thought, leading some to conclude that, if environmental management is to progress, technological thinking needs to be supplemented by radically different ways of thinking. The intent of this article is to examine the role of technological thinking in environmental management, seeking to establish some of its limitations. It is concluded that, while technological thinking is a satisfactorytactical strategy, it has serious deficiencies when problems requirestrategic thinking.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Etude du comportement de vigilance de Phoca vitulina concolor dans la baie de fundy, sur les rochers ou les plages, and essai d'etablissement d'un rapport entre le degre de vigilance and la taille du groupe.
Abstract: Etude du comportement de vigilance de Phoca vitulina concolor dans la baie de Fundy, sur les rochers ou les plages, et essai d'etablissement d'un rapport entre le degre de vigilance et la taille du groupe

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, coupled diffusion equations describing the response of a chromatographic column, packed with a bi-porous adsorbent such as a pelleted molecular sieve have been solved numerically by the method of orthogonal collocation.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: A survey of the relevant literature on pyridine and piperidine alkaloids can be found in this article, where the authors present a taxonomic classification of the class of alkaloid compounds that are not unique to a single taxonomic family.
Abstract: Publisher Summary The designation of pyridine and piperidine alkaloids as a group introduces a level of arbitrariness. These compounds do not stem from a common biosynthetic precursor, they are not unique to a single taxonomic family, and even the structural characteristics that might seem to define the group are open to interpretation. However, the historical recognition of these alkaloids as a class, and the practice of reviewing them as such are sufficient reasons to continue these traditions. This chapter represents a survey of the relevant literature on pyridine and piperidine alkaloids. It includes alkaloids containing a piperidine-type nitrogen heterocycle (at any oxidation level) that is not fused to a carbocyclic system. Alkaloids in which the nitrogen-containing ring is fused to a second heterocycle, such as gentianine have in some cases been included, except where such fusion generates another readily identifiable heterocyclic moiety, such as the quinolizidine system. The alkaloids are grouped in sections, largely on the basis of their structural characteristics, although biogenetic or taxonomic considerations have also been taken into account in some instances.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A technique which permits rapid preparation of sucrose gradients with highly reproducible profiles is described and Linear 5-20% and 5-30% gradients and nonlinear but useful 5-45%Gradients are obtained.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a chromatographic method based on a steady state sinusoidally varying input concentration has been developed and applied to the analysis of experimental data for some selected weakly adsorbing systems.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The sulfation rates of reagent grade calcium and zinc oxides and technical grade magnesium oxide with sulfur trioxide and sulfur dioxide - oxygen mixtures have been measured thermogravimetrically as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The sulfation rates of reagent grade calcium and zinc oxides and technical grade magnesium oxide with sulfur trioxide and sulfur dioxide - oxygen mixtures have been measured thermogravimetrically. Experiments have been conducted to determine the rate of reaction for various particle radii (0.071-0.151 mm), temperatures (450-1100 K.) and concentrations of sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide (0.075-0.62 moles/m3), oxygen (0-1.5 moles/m3). Experimental results are presented which compare the sulfation rates of each basic oxide with sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide at different temperatures. The rate of sulfation of different oxides are compared under the same experimental conditions. On a mesure par thermogravimetrie, les vitesses de sulfatation des oxydes de calcium et de zinc de qualite certifiee et de l'oxyde de magnesium de qualite technique par l'anhydride sulfurique ou par des melanges, d'anhydride sulfureux et d'oxygane. On a fait des experiences pour determiner la vitesse de reaction, pour differents rayons de particules (0.071 a 0.151 mm), differentes temperatures (450 a 1100K) et differentes concentrations de SO2, SO3 (0.075 a 0.062 mole/m3) et de O2 (0 a 1.5 mole/m3). On presente des resultats experimentaux qui permettent de comparer les vitesses de sulfatation de chacun des oxydes basiques avec SO2 et avec SO3, a differentes temperatures. On compare la vitesse de sulfatation des differents oxydes dans les mimes conditions experimentales.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A necessary and sufficient condition that a densely defined linear operator A in a sequentially complete locally convex space X be the infinitesimal generator of a quasi-equicontinuous C0-semigroup on X is given in this article.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that if v is large enough, then an RBPD exists if and only if v ≡ k2 (modulo lcm(2k − 2, k), and that the categorical product of a k-factorable graph and a regular graph is also k- Factorable.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a recent investigation of the relationship between firm size and exporting is presented, which illustrates how and why neglect of critical conceptual and methodological issues continues to confound research on the impact that firm size has on exporting.
Abstract: This paper examines a recent investigation of the relationship between firm size and exporting. It illustrates how and why neglect of critical conceptual and methodological issues continues to confound research on the impact that firm size has on exporting.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a multilayered salt/mica specimen with embedded strain markers was shortened to produce a fold and the distribution of strain was subsequently mapped out over the profile plane.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 1985
TL;DR: Using double-zeta basis sets with polarization functions, potential curves for 23 valence states of BN (13 Σ +, 13 Σ −, 13 π and 13 Δ states) were obtained by MRD CI methods as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Using double-zeta basis sets with polarization functions, potential curves for 23 valence states of BN ( 13 Σ + , 13 Σ − , 13 π and 13 Δ states) were obtained by MRD CI methods. All states were found to be stable or metastable. Spectroscopic constants are given. 1 3 π has been confirmed to be the ground state of BN, lower in energy than 1 1 Σ + by only 0.10 eV. The equilibrium distance for 1 3 π and 2 3 π disagrees with experimental values, which are considered to be approximate only. Comparison with spectroscopic constants of C 2 , CN + and BeO shows many similarities.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an evaluative review of empirical studies, with relevance to therapy, which use conceptual systems theory (CST) as a basis for interactional research is presented.
Abstract: It is a common observation that certain kinds of patient-therapy (therapist) pairings are more beneficial than others. Attempts to find out why, through interactional research on therapy, have proven to be difficult. It is often suggested that one reason for this is the absence of an adequate theoretical framework within which such research can be conducted. However, in recent years, one theory, conceptual systems theory (CST), a cognitive personality theory, has developed to the stage where it appears to offer some promise in this regard. This article offers an evaluative review of the empirical studies, with relevance to therapy, which use CST as a basis for interactional research; an analysis of the conceptual and methodological problems inherent in its use; and a discussion of the implication of findings for therapeutic practice.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a mathematical model for simulation of a pressure swing adsorption separation of a small concentration of ethylene from helium has been studied experimentally on 4A and 5A molecular sieves.
Abstract: The recently developed mathematical model for simulation of a PSA system (Raghavan et al., 1985) has been extended to a nonlinear Langmuir equilibrium system. The pressure swing adsorption separation of a small concentration of ethylene from helium has been studied experimentally on 4A and 5A molecular sieves. In the 4A system mass transfer is controlled by intracrystalline diffusion and is slow, whereas in the 5A system mass transfer is very much faster and is controlled by macropore diffusion. With rate and equilibrium parameters derived from experimental breakthrough curves, the theoretical model provides a good representation of the experimentally observed behavior of both PSA systems.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a mixture of (C5H5)3Sc and (η5-C5h5)2ScF was obtained by treating ScF3 with C5H 5Na in tetrahydrofuran.