Showing papers by "University of New Brunswick published in 1990"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the evidence pertaining to the effects of imprisonment and pointed out the importance of individual differences in adapting to incarceration, and concluded that a situation-by-person approach may be the most fruitful research strategy.
Abstract: It has been widely assumed that prison is destructive to the psychological and emotional well-being of those it detains. However, this assumption has rarely been critically examined. The present report evaluated the evidence pertaining to the effects of imprisonment. Studies on the effects of prison crowding, long-term imprisonment and short-term detention, solitary confinement, death row, and the health risks associated with imprisonment provide inconclusive evidence regarding the “pains of imprisonment.” Rather, the evidence points to the importance of individual differences in adapting to incarceration. As the use of incarceration is unlikely to decrease in the near future, research on its effects is urgently needed and a situation-by-person approach may be the most fruitful research strategy.
213 citations
TL;DR: The authors found that high-latitude reef corals are sensitive to elevated temperatures which are within the normal thermal range of corals at lower latitudes, and that corals which normally experience wide temperature ranges are less sensitive to thermal stress.
Abstract: Sea temperatures were normal in Bermuda during 1987, when Bermuda escaped the episodes of coral bleaching which were prevalent throughout the Caribbean region. Survey transecs in 1988 on 4–6 m reefs located on the rim margin and on a lagoonal patch reef revealed bleaching only of zoanthids between May and July. Transect and tow surveys in August and September revealed bleaching of several coral species;Millepora alcicornis on rim reefs was the most extensively affected. The frequency of bleaching in this species,Montastrea annularis and perhapsDiploria labyrinthiformis was significantly higher on outer reefs than on inshore reefs. This bleaching period coincided with the longest period of elevated sea temperatures in Bermuda in 38 years (28.9–30.9°C inshore, >28° offshore). By December, when temperatures had returned to normal, bleaching of seleractinians continued, but bleaching ofM. alcicornis on the outer reefs was greatly reduced. Our observations suggest that corals which normally experience wide temperature ranges are less sensitive to thermal stress, and that high-latitude reef corals are sensitive to elevated temperatures which are within the normal thermal range of corals at lower latitudes.
122 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a novel ocean tide loading model is developed which allows the earth to be self-gravitating, compressible, layered, anisotropic viscoelastic and rotating, with a solid inner core and fluid outer core.
Abstract: SUMMARY
A novel ocean tide loading model is developed which allows the earth to be self-gravitating, compressible, layered, anisotropic viscoelastic and rotating, with a solid inner core and fluid outer core.
The equations of deformation of the earth are developed, following Lagrangean mechanics. The standard-linear-solid-type rheology, as well as the grain-boundary relaxation model for the dissipation mechanism within the earth are adopted in this study. The thermodynamic state of the earth is accounted for, through its absolute temperature, Gibbs free activation energy, viscosity and Q profiles.
Complex load numbers h'n, k'n and l'n, are calculated up to degree 10000. It is shown that the rotation of the earth, as well as the anisotropy in the upper mantle affect the load numbers by a few per cent. There is a weak latitude dependence of the load numbers for n≤ 4. At fortnightly periods, viscoelastic load numbers are 1–2 per cent larger than their corresponding elastic values.
Complex Green's functions are evaluated for displacements, gravity and tilt. Tests of the present model against accurately determined M2 gravity tide residuals show that the present model is very promising indeed.
85 citations
01 Jul 1990
TL;DR: In this article, a strategy has been developed to confirm the stability of reference points in deformation analysis of monitoring networks, where the difficulty lies in the datum defects of monitoring network.
Abstract: Confirmation of the stability of reference points is one of the main problems in deformation analysis. The difficulty lies in the datum defects of monitoring networks. A strategy has been developed...
85 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that shear-band cleavage is an excellent indicator of shear sense and also a qualitative indicator of the ratio of S1-normal shortening to S 1-parallel shear.
84 citations
TL;DR: An investigation using a six-degree-of-freedom digitizer to manipulate 3D scenes stored in a computer shows that placement times are faster with stereopsis, when z translations are disabled (when accurate translation is required) and when both rotations and translations are allowed simultaneously.
Abstract: Placement of an object in three-dimensional space is a six-degree-of-freedom (6D) operation requiring three variables to specify location and three more to specify orientation. This paper reports on an investigation using a six-degree-of-freedom digitizer to manipulate 3D scenes stored in a computer. Two experiments are presented, which evaluate speed and accuracy of placement under different conditions. Results show that placement times are faster with stereopsis, when z translations are disabled (when accurate translation is required) and when both rotations and translations are allowed simultaneously. The implications of these results are discussed.
82 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Meguma Group lode gold deposits represent concentrations of a variety of auriferous quartz veins in lower Paleozoic metaturbidites of southern Nova Scotia.
Abstract: Meguma Group lode gold deposits represent concentrations of a variety of auriferous quartz veins in lower Paleozoic metaturbidites of the Meguma terrane of southern Nova Scotia. Our studies, incorporating extensive field (regional and detailed mapping) and laboratory (petrography, fluid inclusions, geochemistry, isotopes) studies of 30 of these deposits in the eastern Meguma terrane, suggest that mineralization occurred at ca. 370 Ma ( 40 Ar/ 39 Ar dating of hydrothermal vein minerals) during widespread incursion of mafic and felsic magmatism into the crust concurrent with subvertical shear-zone development, thus postdating regional Acadian deformation by some 30-40 m.y. Isotopic data (S, C, O, Sr) indicate that vein-forming fluids were not solely magmatic and were in part exotic to the Meguma Group. Thus, earlier magmatic and metamorphogenic-lateral-secretion models that considered either late-stage magmatic fluids or the enveloping Meguma Group metasedimentary rocks as the sole source of vein components are invalidated.
80 citations
TL;DR: A general adaptive model unifying existing models for pattern learning, unifying many existing models (including that of neural nets), is proposed, and suggests how various propositional object (class) descriptions might be generated based on the outputs of the learning processes.
76 citations
TL;DR: The white stickleback occurs only in environments where there are filamentous algae (which appears to be an obligatory nesting substrate) and where the water is clear, saline and relatively still.
Abstract: A stickleback with brilliant white dorsal breeding colours is widely distributed in north-eastern Nova Scotia, Canada, where it often breeds sympatrically with the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Breeding males are highly conspicuous and visible at distances of 20 m or more whereas sympatric G. aculeatus are cryptic and difficult to detect even at 2 m. The white stickleback nests only above the substrate in filamentous algae, where G. aculeatus nests only on the substrate. The white stickleback is smaller in size and more terete than G. aculeatus, but it is morphologically similar in having a complete row of lateral plates and similar lateral plate and gill raker numbers. The white stickleback occurs only in environments where there are filamentous algae (which appears to be an obligatory nesting substrate) and where the water is clear, saline and relatively still. Female choice tests in the laboratory show that the white stickleback is reproductively isolated from G. aculeatus, and field observations on natural spawning support this conclusion. We suggest that the bright breeding colouration may have evolved through sexual selection and/or to advertise unprofitability to predators.
74 citations
TL;DR: Demand management systems have been used to increase throughput and alleviate congestion at many airports to attain nearcapacity levels over the last two decades.
Abstract: Aviation growth over the last two decades has caused traffic volumes at many airports to attain nearcapacity levels. Demand management systems have been used to increase throughput and alleviate co...
69 citations
TL;DR: An algebra for historical relations which contains classical as well as some new operators which is consistent with the simple basis of standard SQL is proposed.
Abstract: We propose a «state» oriented view of historical databases. We propose an algebra for historical relations which contains classical as well as some new operators. The operators are simple to comprehend, unlike in other research proposals. Were are also able to formulate a completeness criteria for the proposed model. Finally, we extend the popular SQL query language for use with historical databases. Again, the extensions are consistent with the simple basis of standard SQL
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential energy curves for five singlet electronic states of ozone were calculated employing multireference configurationinteraction (MRD CI) treatments in a Gaussian AO basis.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare the performance of two different kinetically selective adsorbents; RS-10 (a modified 4A zeolite) and Bergbau Forschung carbon molecular sieve.
TL;DR: In this paper, the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) space-time admits a proper CKV in the sense that the CKV is parallel to the fluid four-velocity.
Abstract: Fluid space-times which admit a conformal Killing vector (CKV) are studied. It is shown that even in a perfect fluid space-time a conformal motion will not, in general, map the fluid flow lines onto fluid flow lines; consequently, perfect fluid space-times and, in particular, the simplest perfect fluid space-times known to admit a CKV, namely the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) space-times, are studied. A direct proof that there do not exist any special CKV in FRW space-times will be given, thereby motivating the study of the physically more relevant proper CKV. Indeed, one of the principal motivations of the present work is the study of the symmetry inheritance problem for proper CKV. Since the FRW metric can, in general, satisfy the Einstein field equations for a non-comoving imperfect fluid, the relationship between the FRW models (and in particular the standard comoving perfect fluid models) and the conditions under which conformal motions (and in addition homothetic motions) map fluid flow lines onto fluid flow lines are investigated. Finally, further properties of fluid space-times which admit a proper CKV, and in particular space-times in which the CKV is parallel to the fluid four-velocity, are discussed.
TL;DR: Based on data on students in a college economics principles course over a nine-year period, this article concluded that high school economics does improve performance in the principles course but does not influence grades in intermediate theory classes.
Abstract: Based on data on students in a college economics principles course over a nine-year period, the authors conclude that high school economics does improve performance in the principles course but does not influence grades in intermediate theory classes.
TL;DR: In this paper, a technique for constructing one- or two-sided confidence intervals, which are second-order correct in terms of coverage, for either parametric or nonparametric problems is presented.
Abstract: In this article we present a technique for constructing one- or two-sided confidence intervals, which are second-order correct in terms of coverage, for either parametric or nonparametric problems. The construction is valid in the presence of nuisance parameters. The situation we consider is this: there are p parameters and we want a confidence interval for some function of them, possibly one of the parameters itself. The p parameters are estimated by M-estimates, which means they are obtained as a solution of a system of equations. Maximum likelihood estimates are included as a special case. The essential intermediate result, given in Equation (3.4), says that the estimated parameter of interest, θ, can be written as a mean, up to order O p (1/√n). The representation (3.4) is attained when θ = θ(η) is a smooth function of the parameters η and is the solution of a well-behaved system of equations. We avoid the use of pivots and strive to obtain accurate coverage. Confidence intervals are construc...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors calculate the magnetic hyperfine coupling constants (hfcc) α iso and A ij of the ground states of the isotopes NH 2, NHD and ND 2 using truncated MR-CI methods.
TL;DR: In this paper, 2,3,4,1′-tetra-O -acylated esters were identified as the major nonvolatile constituents in the exudate from glandular trichomes of Lycopersicon hirsutum and L. peruvianum var. glabratum, respectively.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a catalog of 6000 absorption lines between 100 and 200 cm−1 (which means practically all the measured lines in this region which are above a reasonable peakfinder threshold).
TL;DR: In this article, pseudopotentials were used, and 4s4p/2s2p basis sets withs andp diffuse functions and one or twod functions were given for Ga2(±), potential functions for ground and low-lying excited states are given.
Abstract: MRD-CI calculations were performed on Ga, Ga2, Ga3, Ga4 and on the corresponding positive and negative ions. In general, pseudopotentials were used, and 4s4p/2s2p basis sets withs andp diffuse functions and one or twod functions. For Ga2, all-electron calculations were also performed. For Ga2(±), potential functions for ground and low-lying excited states are given. For Ga3(±), geometries were optimized both inC2v andD∞h symmetry. The lowest state of Ga3+ is found to be1Σg+, of Ga34A2, and of Ga3−1A1 (D3h). Ionization potentials and electron affinities of Ga3 were evaluated. Many low-lying excited states of Ga3(±) were found. Rhombic (D2h, including squareD4h), tetrahedral (Td), T-shaped (C2v) and linear structures (D∞h) were investigated in the search for the lowest state of Ga4. A square-planar arrangement of the nuclei, withRe = 5.30 a0, was found to have the lowest energy. The other geometries lie about 0.5 eV higher. InD2h symmetry, low-lying excited states of Ga4, as well as ground and excited states of Ga4+ and Ga4− were studied.
TL;DR: In this paper, the linear driving force model with frozen solid approximation during pressurization and blowdown was applied to a similar process using the zeolite molecular sieve RS-10.
TL;DR: The article presents a comprehensive view of the need for feedback in myoelectric prostheses, suggesting that the distinction between sensory and proprioceptive feedback may be somewhat artificial and that a satisfactory feedback system may become an attainable goal.
Abstract: This article briefly reviews the history of the use of feedback in artificial limbs. It suggests that researchers have concentrated unduly upon the use of feedback to control prehensile force or joint angle and advocates a broader perspective. In that context, the article presents a comprehensive view of the need for feedback in myoelectric prostheses. The difficulties of designing transducers to meet the stringent demands of prosthetics applications are considered, and problems inherent in several alternatives are identified. Various means of conveying feedback information to the amputee are reviewed in some detail. The concept of feedback in control systems is introduced in the context of closed-loop control of a prosthesis. The surprisingly good performance of skilled users of myoelectric prostheses is noteworthy implying that the distinction between sensory and proprioceptive feedback may be somewhat artificial. By integrating these two feedback types a satisfactory feedback system may become an attainable goal.
TL;DR: In this article, the Eysenck Neuroticism scale was associated with the sleep score, while the Internalizer scale of the CBP was a strong predictor of sleep score.
01 Jan 1990
TL;DR: A growing number of investigators are examining cognitive dysfunction in psychological disorders as discussed by the authors, and a variety of cognitive and cognitive-behavioral interventions have been developed for treating psychopathological states, including CB interventions.
Abstract: The last two decades have witnessed a resurgence in theory, research, and practice focused on the cognitive concomitants of psychopathology (Mahoney, 1987). Consequently, a growing number of investigators are examining cognitive dysfunction in psychological disorders. In addition, a variety of cognitive and cognitive-behavioral (CB) interventions have been developed for treating psychopathological states.
TL;DR: The longest tail-flick latencies, indicating stress-induced analgesia ("autoanalgesia"), were observed in the group that had not been exposed to stress prior to testing, suggesting a learned association between drug and stress that resulted in a diminution of the drug's anxiolytic property.
TL;DR: In this article, two sets of experiments have been performed to study the initiation of a Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE) in a one litre tank while the pressure at the end of the tank was recorded.
TL;DR: In this article, 1 H - and 13 C -NMR spectroscopy of certain derivatives (Boc-Pro-PE, Boc-4Hyp-PE and BocPro-4BrPE) in CDC1 3 solution reveal the presence of cis-trans isomers in almost equal quantities.
TL;DR: In this article, the maximum likelihood and the minimum variance unbiased estimates of R=Pr (a′x>b′y) where a and b are two known vectors were obtained for a system where the energy is supplied to the system by p sources and consumed through q sources.
Abstract: In this paper we consider two non-independent random vectors XpXi an i Vqxl having multivariate normal distribution and obtain the maximum likelihood and the minimum variance unbiased estimates of R=Pr (a′x>b′y) where a and b are two known vectors, The problem arises for example, in a system where the energy is supplied to the system by p sources and is consumed through q sources. Some interesting special cases are deduced. A simulation study was carried out to compare the MVUE and MLE of B.An application is provided to determine the effect of a certain drug on the level of biochemical compounds found in the brain.
TL;DR: A method to achieve the optimal design of radiation therapy compensating filters in multibeam situations is proposed, and dose distribution is optimized such that it approaches the prescribed value in the target zone, is minimized everywhere else, and does not exceed designated limits at vulnerable regions.
Abstract: A method to achieve the optimal design of radiation therapy compensating filters in multibeam situations is proposed. Dose distribution is optimized such that it approaches the prescribed value in the target zone, is minimized everywhere else, and does not exceed designated limits at vulnerable regions. Field shapes, sizes, and weights, together with filter thicknesses that take into account missing tissues and body heterogeneities, are calculated as a result of this process. The dose distribution, after the application of the calculated filters and beams, is also predicted. The method is rigorous, and its accuracy depends only upon the accuracy of the applied dose calculation method. Examples are discussed and verified using data obtained from Theraplan 300L treatment planning system.