Showing papers by "University of New Brunswick published in 1991"
TL;DR: In this paper, a conceptual rationale for the potential complementarity of international mediation and third-party consultation or problem-solving within the context of a contingency model is provided, where various methods of intervention (conciliation, pure mediation, consultation, power mediation, arbitration and peacekeeping) are matched to one of four stages of conflict escalation where they are deemed to have the most influence on de-escalation.
Abstract: This article provides a conceptual rationale for the potential complementarity of international mediation and third party consultation or problem-solving within the context of a contingency model. Social conflict is viewed as a dynamic process involving a mix of objective and subjective factors which changes over time, thus creating opportunities for different third party interventions. In the model, the various methods of intervention (conciliation, pure mediation, consultation, power mediation, arbitration and peacekeeping) are matched to one of four stages of conflict escalation where they are deemed to have the most influence on de-escalation. In addition, third party interventions are sequenced within the model to show how combining different methods might work toward the eventual resolution of the conflict. Within this context, mediation and consultation are seen as having two main points of complementarity. In the first instance, consultation which improves the relationship between the parties can serve a useful prenegotiation function. The second point occurs at a higher stage of escalation wherein power mediation, which is deemed useful to control hostility and gain settlement on some substantive issues, is followed by consultation to analyse and de-escalate the conflict to a less intense level. The potential of the contingency model is illustrated through reference to the Cyprus conflict and the numerous third party interventions that have attempted to address it. The analysis indicates that the model helps provide some possible reasons for the success and failure of different interventions over a thirty-five year period. The article concludes that the matching and sequencing of different third party interventions may be necessary for positive influence, especially in highly escalated and protracted conflict.
213 citations
TL;DR: The fragile nature of the test indications suggests that cointegration methodologies cannot be relied upon to provide reliable evidence on market efficiency as mentioned in this paper, which suggests that they cannot be used to evaluate whether or not markets are efficient.
185 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a simple model for shape-growth of calcite veins in a crack-seal environment is proposed to account for both tracking and non-tracking behaviors. But the tracking criteria for calcite vein growth are not tested on natural examples.
174 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new personality typology is outlined which, it is argued, provides a coherent system within which to construe and conduct research upon learning styles, and the implications of the theory for educational goals, couched in terms of learning styles.
Abstract: Attempts to broaden conceptions of learning styles to represent more adequately individual differences in motivation/emotion, as well as cognition, are limited by a paucity of relevant theory. Personality theories should, but do not, provide a satisfactory conceptual framework for this endeavour. In an attempt to remedy this situation, a new personality typology is outlined which, it is argued, provides a coherent system within which to construe and conduct research upon learning styles. The implications of the theory for educational goals, couched in terms of learning styles, also are discussed.
123 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the diffusion of p -xylene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene in large (105 × 50 × 40 μm) crystals of silicalite was studied by the zero-length column (ZLC) method and by gravimetric uptake rate measurements.
122 citations
TL;DR: The Fournier plagiogranite component was generated by the anatexis of amphibolite and not by the fractionation of basic magma as discussed by the authors, and the process occurred in two stages: first, gabbro was plastically deformed at high temperature to form dry, low-angle shear zones that subsequently evolved to amphibolites via the addition of light rare earth element (REE)-enriched hydrothermal solutions.
Abstract: Field, geochronological, and rare earth element (REE) evidence obtained from the Fournier oceanic fragment of the Canadian Appalachians indicates that its plagiogranite component was generated by the anatexis of amphibolite and not by the fractionation of basic magma. We propose that the process occurred in two stages: first, gabbro was plastically deformed at high temperature to form dry, low-angle shear zones that subsequently evolved to amphibolite via the addition of light REE-enriched hydrothermal solutions; second, the amphibolite underwent partial melting during shear to yield a migmatite comprising bands of plagiogranite alternating with amphibolite restite. The plagiogranite locally coalesced to form pods, dikes, and lenses that injected the surrounding undeformed gabbro. We attribute the development of the Fournier plagiogranite to dynamothermal processes occurring in proximity to a spreading center due to asthenosphere-induced shear within ocean layer 3. This serves as an important illustration of the dynamic nature of metamorphism and melting that can occur in the ocean crust.
118 citations
TL;DR: The Sociotropy-Autonomy Scale (SAS) was developed as a means of assessing two cognitivepersonality constructs postulated as vulnerability factors in depression (Beck, 1983) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Sociotropy-Autonomy Scale (SAS) was developed as a means of assessing two cognitive-personality constructs postulated as vulnerability factors in depression (Beck, 1983). While studies have confirmed the validity of the SAS Sociotropy Scale, the construct validity of the Autonomy Scale has not been well supported. The present study was conducted to improve on the measurement of autonomy by generating additional items which were added to the original questionnaire. This 93-item SAS was administered to 485 undergraduates along with the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, PRF Affiliation and Autonomy Scales, Positive and Negative Emotionality Measures, and Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Four factors labeled Sociotropy, Solitude/Interpersonal Insensitivity, Independence, and Individualistic Achievement emerged from a principal-factor analysis of the SAS item pool. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that positive emotionality and solitude/interpersonal insensitivity were specifically related to dysphoria, while negative emotionality and sociotropy had significant associations with both anxious and depressed mood states.
109 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a dynamic programming approach is proposed to construct optimal machine and vehicle schedules for a fixed number of machines, which results in a pseudopolynomialtime algorithm for the case of a given machine schedule, and a simple polynomial-time algorithm that checks the feasibility of a vehicle schedule and constructs it whenever one exists.
Abstract: Due to their increasing applicability in modern industry, flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs), their design, and their control have been studied extensively in the recent literature. One of the most important issues that has arisen in this context is the FMS scheduling problem. This article is concerned with a new model of an FMS system, motivated by the practical application that takes into account both machine and vehicle scheduling. For the case of a given machine schedule, a simple polynomial-time algorithm is presented that checks the feasibility of a vehicle schedule and constructs it whenever one exists. Then a dynamic programming approach to construct optimal machine and vehicle schedules is proposed. This technique results in a pseudopolynomialtime algorithm for a fixed number of machines.
96 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a micropore diffusion model was developed for a binary bulk pressure swing adsorption gas separation based on Langmuir equilibrium and allowing for the concentration dependence of the diffusivity in accordance with the chemical potential gradient as the driving force.
85 citations
TL;DR: Using pseudopotentials and double zeta basis sets with s, p diffuse functions and two sets of d functions, MRD-CI calculations were performed on As2, As4(+), GaAs−, GaAs2(±) and Ga2As2±.
80 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, high precision U/Pb data obtained from zircons extracted from plagiogranite within the gabbro unit of the Shetland Islands oceanic fragment of northeast Scotland yield an age of 492 ± 3 Ma.
Abstract: High precision U/Pb data obtained from zircons extracted from plagiogranite within the gabbro unit of the Shetland Islands oceanic fragment of northeast Scotland yield an age of 492 ± 3 Ma. Field relations indicate that the plagiogranites were generated by the partial melting of amphibolitized gabbros within high-temperature shear zones formed due to crustal deformation and fluid infiltration occurring in proximity to a spreading centre. The U/Pb data therefore constrain the crystallization age of the Shetland complex. This age is similar to U/Pb ages obtained from the Leka (497±2 Ma), Karmoy (493 +7 -4 Ma) and Gulfjellet (489±3 Ma) oceanic fragments of the Norwegian Caledonides, and the Pipestone Pond (494 3 -2 Ma) and Betts Cove (489 3 -2 Ma) oceanic fragments of the Canadian Appalachians.
TL;DR: This article considers the generalized transformation function z ← z α + c for generating fractal images and the value of α, found that when α is a positive integer number, the resulting image contains lobular structures.
TL;DR: In this paper, Ray-tracing is used to examine the accuracy of several well known models for tropospheric delay prediction under varying atmospheric conditions, including the Hopfield zenith delay model and related mapping functions, the Saastamoinen Zenith Delay model and mapping function, and three empirical mapping functions based upon the Marini continued fraction form.
Abstract: Ray-tracing is used to examine the accuracy of several well known models for tropospheric delay prediction under varying atmospheric conditions. The models considered include the Hopfield zenith delay model and related mapping functions, the Saastamoinen zenith delay model and mapping function, and three empirical mapping functions based upon the Marini continued fraction form. Modelled delays are benchmarked against ray-tracing solutions for representative atmospheric profiles at various latitudes and seasons. Numerical results are presented in light of the approximations inherent in model formulation. The effect of approximations to the temperature, pressure and humidity structure of the neutral atmosphere are considered; the impact of surface layer anomalies (i.e., inversions) on prediction accuracy is examined; and errors resulting from the neglect of ray bending are illustrated. The influence of surface meteorological parameter measurement error is examined. Finally, model adaptability to local conditions is considered. Recommendations concerning the suitability of the models for GPS relative positioning and their optimal application are made based upon the results presented.
TL;DR: A set of algorithms designed to make use of large two-dimensional arrays to enable the estimation of how many times a particular area has been sampled and the approximation of the bathymetric surface using a weighted running average are presented.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define the Svecokarelian orogeny as a number of accretion events, deformation episodes related to accretion or magmato-tectonic episodes.
Abstract: Tectonostratigraphic terrane analysis of the western and central Baltic Shield defines a framework for continental growth through the period 2.50-1.75 Ga. Eight discrete terranes can be defined in this part of the Svecokarelian orogen: the older cratonic Kuhmo and Iisalmi terranes, the hybrid Lapland and Savo province allochthonous terranes, the juvenile island-arc-like Skellefte-Savonlinna and south Finland-central Sweden terranes, the back-arc or arc-like Outokumpu nappe, and the ophiolitic (oceanic?) Jormua nappe. Stitching events can also be recognized. These include the ca. 1.88-1.87 Ga Svionian magmatic arc, the ca. 2.44 Go Koillismaa intrusions, the Kalevian flysch basin, and the Bothnian basin. Constraining the age of these stitching events permits the construction of an accretion history in which the "Svecokarelian orogeny" can be resolved as a number of accretion events, deformation episodes related to accretion or magmato-tectonic episodes. These events, defined here, include the pre-2.44 Go Pohjolan accretion of the component parts of the Lapland hybrid terrane, the ca. 1.95 Ga Kyllikian accretion of the Karelian collage, the ca. 1.90 Ga Karelian orogeny marked by the development of the Savo thrust belt in response to the accretion of the Skellefte-Savonlinna terrane to the Karelian collage, and the ca. 1.88-1.87 Ga Svionian magmatic arc. The whole Svecokarelian collage had assembled by ca. 1.85 Ga, an amalgamation succeeded and stitched by a diverse collection of igneous and thermal events through the period 1.85-1.75 Ga.
TL;DR: Electrode impedance is shown to be a power function of both electrode diameter and frequency, consistent with a capacitive electrode model, and a model for stainless-steel electrode noise as a function of electrode area is developed.
Abstract: Bioelectric events measured with surface electrodes are subject to noise components which may be significant in comparison with low-level biological signals such as evoked neuroelectric potentials, and myoelectric potentials. In an effort to better understand noise arising from these electrodes, electrode and measurement system noise is modelled. The effect of electrode surface area on electrode impedance and noise is studied using circular stainless-steel electrodes of varying diameters. The main contributions of the work are the development of a model for stainless-steel electrode noise as a function of electrode area, and demonstrating that, for the band-width of interest to evoked neuroelectric and myoelectric signals (8–10 000 Hz), the primary noise components are thermal and amplifier current generated. The magnitudes of both of these depend on the electrode impedance magnitude. Electrode impedance is shown to be a power function of both electrode diameter and frequency, consistent with a capacitive electrode model.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe British intelligence in the Palestine campaign, 1945-47, and their role in the occupation of the territory of the State of Israel (Palestine).
Abstract: (1991). British intelligence in the Palestine campaign, 1945–47. Intelligence and National Security: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 115-140.
TL;DR: Mean annual growth rates (skeletal linear extension) in the hermatypic coralsPorites astreoides Lamarck and Diploria labyrinthiformis (L.) were investigated mainly by X-radiography from a variety of localities at various depths on the high-latitude coral reefs of Bermuda.
Abstract: Mean annual growth rates (skeletal linear extension) in the hermatypic coralsPorites astreoides Lamarck andDiploria labyrinthiformis (L.) were investigated mainly by X-radiography from a variety of localities at various depths on the high-latitude coral reefs of Bermuda. Growth rates of both species show an inverse curvilinear relationship with depth, with highest growth rates in the shallow inshore waters of Castle Harbour and lowest at the edge of the Bermuda platform and on the adjacent fore-reef slope. Annual density bands form seasonal couplets, with narrow, high density bands appearing to form in the spring-summer months and wider, low density bands over the rest of the year in both species. Comparison of the growth rates ofP. astreoides from Bermuda with those from lower latitude West Indian localities, particularly Jamaica, indicates an inverse relationship with latitude and a similar inverse curvilinear relationship with depth at both geographic locations. Growth rate-locality differences in Bermuda for both species are suggested to be controlled mainly by local differences in wave energy and food supply and possibly seasonal water temperature fluctuations; growth rate-depth differences by decreasing illumination with depth; and growth rate-latitudinal differences by reduction in winter water temperatures and light levels with increasing latitude.
TL;DR: A review of the literature available on inventory policies under incentives on a one time only basis is presented in this paper, where policy implications of various scenarios are highlighted and areas of future research are identified.
TL;DR: In this article, the ages of five felsic intrusions in eastern Notre Dame Bay bracket the absolute ages of a number of key units and events in the Newfoundland Appalachians, showing that the formation and deformation of tectonic terranes making up the orogen did not take place in an orderly sequential fashion.
Abstract: U/Pb zircon ages of five felsic intrusions in eastern Notre Dame Bay bracket the absolute ages of a number of key units and events in the Newfoundland Appalachians. The age of 507 +3/-2 Ma obtained for the Twillingate pluton confirms an age obtained by earlier workers. It strengthens evidence of widespread Cambrian arc volcanism in Newfoundland and places a lower limit on the initiation of deformation in central Newfoundland. The Loon Bay suite, which includes the Loon Bay batholith and a swarm of quartz- and feldsparphyric tonalite dikes, has an age of 408 ± 2 Ma. This age places a Late Silurian upper limit on the timing of thrust fauting and three generations of folding in the New World Island area of Notre Dame Bay. This age also constrains the timing of sinistral ductile movement on the Reach fault and of initiation of high-angle brittle faulting in the region. An age of 422 ± 2 Ma for a composite mafic and felsic dike on the Port Albert Peninsula places an upper limit on the age of the Botwood Group in that area. This age also supports the correlation between the Botwood Group and mixed felsic and mafic igneous rocks of the Springdale Group in western Notre Dame Bay. Placed in context with the timing of other units and events in the Newfoundland Appalachians, our ages show that the formation and deformation of tectonic terranes making up the orogen did not take place in an orderly sequential fashion. Instead, at any one time, more than one tectonic element was being generated, subducted, or deformed. Although the locus of strain varied within the orogen, deformation occurred continuously from the Late Cambrian Epoch until the end of the Paleozoic Era.
TL;DR: It is shown that the topological matter minimally coupled to gravity in 2+1 dimensions has a finite-dimensional physical phase space that can be exactly quantized.
Abstract: We study topological matter minimally coupled to gravity in 2+1 dimensions. We show that the resulting system has a finite-dimensional physical phase space that can be exactly quantized. The model exhibits the mixing of "gravity" and "matter" degrees of freedom, and the impossibility of treating them independently.
01 Sep 1991
TL;DR: Three velocity control interfaces to three dimensional virtual environments are compared and it is shown that subject's behavior is highly constrained by the local size of the tube: they maintained a constant velocity relative to the local Size of the Tube.
Abstract: Three velocity control interfaces to three dimensional virtual environments are compared. The interface devices are: a six degree of freedom position sensor, a six degree of freedom isometric joystick, and a conventional mouse in conjunction with a soft control panel displayed on the monitor. In each interface the devices are used to control velocity, and all make use of a quadratic function to map the input to the viewpoint velocity. We use two structured exploration tasks to assess the usability of the different interfaces. In the first task an interviewing technique is used in conjunction with an exploration task which involved examining widely spaced details of the 3D scene. The second task is designed to reveal how well users can interact at different scales using the different devices. Subjects are required to navigate through a tube which varies over four orders of magnitude in size. The results show that subject's behavior is highly constrained by the local size of the tube: they maintained a cons...
TL;DR: The problem of optimally locating the numbers around a dartboard is investigated and the objective considered is risk maximization.
Abstract: In this paper, the problem of optimally locating the numbers around a dartboard is investigated. The objective considered is risk maximization. Under different assumptions, the problem can be formulated as a travelling salesman problem, as a quadratic assignment problem, or as a more general assignment problem without subtours. Various dartboard designs are proposed and compared with the current one.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a comprehensive review of the UASB wastewater treatment process, focusing on factors affecting granulation of the anaerobic sludge, start-up of the process and operation of the uASB reactor.
Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive review of the UASB wastewater treatment process. Factors affecting granulation of the anaerobic sludge, start‐up of the process and operation of UASB reactor are analyzed. Criteria about design and construction of the UASB reactor are described, and studies on mathematical modeling of fluid flow pattern, sludge distribution and biological conversion of substrate in the UASB reactor are reviewed. Finally, applications of the process to the treatment of various types of wastewater are summarized.
TL;DR: A Delphi forecasting approach was chosen, which looked at how the intensity of system use and the costs of building and operating the road system would change in the interval and identified technological, economic, and social factors that might affect road-infrastructure investment patterns in the future.
Abstract: In 1988, the Roads and Transportation Association of Canada (RTAC) funded a research project to provide a look at the road-funding situation in Canada, the parameters related to it, and its potential economic ramifications at the turn of the century. To do this, a Delphi forecasting approach was chosen, which looked at how the intensity of system use and the costs of building and operating the road system would change in the interval and identified technological, economic, and social factors that might affect road-infrastructure investment patterns in the future. This paper focuses on the methodology used in the study. The technique worked well, with good response levels from the panel members, reasonable response times, and convergence on the majority of questions within three rounds of questioning. Microcomputer technology was exploited to simplify older manual methods for processing such data. The technique offered significant advantages over quantitative forecasting through its ability to reach consensus on the validity of forecasts, basic assumptions underlying them, and potential key developments that might result in changes to them.
TL;DR: Using Western blot to examine the nature of soluble antigens produced by Renibacterium salmoninarum, it was found that the major 57-kilodalton (kDa) antigen was unstable, and SDS-PAGE of ECP fractions showed that degradation of the 57-kDa protein increased with time and increased temperature.
Abstract: . Using Western blot to examine the nature of soluble antigens produced by Renibacterium salmoninarum, it was found that the major 57-kilodalton (kDa) antigen was unstable, SDS-PAGE of extracellular product (ECP) fractions showed that degradation of the 57-kDa protein increased with time and increased temperature. Several lower molecular mass pcptides accumulated temporarily from this degradation. Phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride prevented breakdown of the 57-kDa protein suggesting a scrine protease present in the ECPs was responsible. The results indicated that most, if not all, immunoreactive bands in ECP fractions, other than the 57-kDa protein, arose as a result of degradation of this protein. Western blot analysis of two dimensional gels revealed that the presumptive proteolytic activity was associated with the 57-kDa antigen and several of the apparent degradation products. Many common peptide fragments appeared to be generated from heat-induced proteolysis of these protein moieties, confirming the familial relationship between much of the immunoreactive material in ECP fractions. The results suggested that the 57-kDa antigen is autolytic. Western blot analysis of tissue samples from Atlantic salmon, Satmo solar L., infected with R. salmoninarum suggested that this lability of the 57-kDa antigen also occurred in situ.
TL;DR: In this paper, a method of simultaneous evaluation of bending and shear moduli of wooden beams is presented, which is based upon the measurement of two natural frequencies of a beam, is simple to perform, and tests were conducted on matched groups of clear and knotty specimens.
Abstract: This paper presents a method of simultaneous evaluation of bending and shear moduli of wooden beams. The method, which is based upon the measurement of two natural frequencies of a beam, is simple to perform. Existing techniques for determining shear moduli of wood based materials are either too cumbersome to carry out or prone to measurement errors. Using this method tests were conducted on matched groups of clear and knotty specimens. It was found that for clear specimens a value of 20 can be assumed for the E to G ratio. For specimens which contain knots the variation was so large that no corresponding figure can be suggested with confidence. But the ratio for knotty materials is though to be higher than 20.
TL;DR: In this article, the theory and methodology for the exergy analysis of complex chemical processes are summarized and applied to the major industrial processes of production of caustic soda and chlorine as an example.
TL;DR: In this article, the dipole-dipole-quadrupole (B) and second dipole (S) hyperpolarizabilities were calculated for the ground states of the magnesium and calcium atoms and the aluminum cation.
Abstract: The dipole-dipole-quadrupole (B) and second dipole (\ensuremath{\gamma}) hyperpolarizabilities and the dipole (${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{1}$) and quadrupole (${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{2}$) polarizabilities are calculated for the ground states of the magnesium and calcium atoms and the aluminum cation. The results are based on finite-field fourth-order many-body perturbation theory using a finite-field self-consistent-field wave function as the zeroth-order wave function. Our fourth-order results are ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{1}$=71.7${\mathit{e}}^{2}$${\mathit{a}}_{0}^{2}$${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{2}$=809${\mathit{e}}^{2}$${\mathit{a}}_{0}^{4}$${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, B=(-7.75\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{3}$)${\mathit{e}}^{3}$${\mathit{a}}_{0}^{4}$${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$, and \ensuremath{\gamma} =(1.02\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{5}$)${\mathit{e}}^{4}$${\mathit{a}}_{0}^{4}$${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ for Mg; ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{1}$=24.2${\mathit{e}}^{2}$${\mathit{a}}_{0}^{2}$${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{2}$=124${\mathit{e}}^{2}$${\mathit{a}}_{0}^{4}$${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, B=-642${\mathit{e}}^{3}$${\mathit{a}}_{0}^{4}$${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$, and \ensuremath{\gamma}=(2.37 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{3}$)${\mathit{e}}^{4}$${\mathit{a}}_{0}^{4}$${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ for ${\mathrm{Al}}^{+}$; and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{1}$=157${\mathit{e}}^{2}$${\mathit{a}}_{0}^{2}$${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{2}$=(3.02\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{3}$)${\mathit{e}}^{2}$${\mathit{a}}_{0}^{4}$${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, B=(-3.29\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{4}$)${\mathit{e}}^{3}$${\mathit{a}}_{0}^{4}$${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$, and \ensuremath{\gamma}=(3.83\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{5}$)${\mathit{e}}^{4}$${\mathit{a}}_{0}^{4}$${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ for Ca.