Showing papers by "University of New Hampshire published in 1971"
TL;DR: In this paper, the experimental observations of Forbush decreases in recent years are reviewed and related to different theoretical models which have been proposed, and the observational data from both ground-based and spacecraft experiments were selected to illustrate the important characteristics of forbush decreases, including the form of the rigidity dependence of the cosmic-ray modulation during the decreases and effects of the geomagnetic field upon the magnitude of the decreases.
Abstract: The experimental observations of Forbush decreases in recent years are reviewed and related to different theoretical models which have been proposed. The observational data from both ground-based and spacecraft experiments were selected to illustrate the important characteristics of Forbush decreases. The form of the rigidity dependence of the cosmic-ray modulation during the decreases and effects of the geomagnetic field upon the magnitude of the decreases are discussed. Recent results to deduce the cosmic-ray flow patterns from the observed anisotropies during the decreases are presented. Other features such as differences in onset times, recovery times, precursory increases are discussed. In considering the theoretical models particular emphasis is placed upon the agreement of the predictions of the model with the experimental observations. A theoretical model is suggested which is not original but represents a synthesis of several models previously proposed. Future important measurements and analyses necessary to an understanding of Forbush decreases are outlined.
296 citations
TL;DR: Genotype and the degree of chimerism expressed in the coat color of chimeric (allophenic) mice were found to be related to the frequency of multicolored chimeras, the sex ratio, and the production of gametes, suggesting that most sex Chimeric mice develop as phenotypic males.
Abstract: Genotype and the degree of chimerism expressed in the coat color of chimeric (allophenic) mice were found to be related to the frequency of multicolored chimeras, the sex ratio, and the production of gametes. The sex ratios of 310 chimeric mice of various combinations of genotypes were studied. The male: female ratios varied from 1:1 to ratios approaching 3:1. Multicolored chimeras in which one genotype predominated (“unbalanced” genotypes) had normal sex ratios of 1:1 (19 ♂ ♂, 21 ♀ ♀ ) suggesting that sex was determined by the predominating component. Multicolored chimeras in which neither component predominated (“balanced” genotypes) had sex ratios approaching 3:1 (70 ♂ ♂, 31 ♀ ♀ ) suggesting that most sex chimeras (XX ⟷ XY) develop as phenotypic males. Regardless of genotype, solid colored chimeras had normal sex ratios. Only two hermaphrodites (0.65%) were observed.
A high incidence of gonadal mosaics which produced progeny with both parental genotypes and a relatively low incidence of possible sex chimeras which produced progeny with only one genotype occurred among multicolored females. A very low incidence of gonadal mosaics and a very high incidence of possible sex chimeras was found among males. These observations would be expected if most sex chimeras developed as phenotypic males.
163 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a conceptual framework for describing organizational crises is presented, based upon the assumption that a human system passes through several phases as it adapts to a crisis situation, and the authors describe a four-stage model, beginning with an initial period of shock, then a period of defensive retreat, followed by acknowledgment, and finally, by a process of adaptive and change.
Abstract: This article presents a conceptual framework for describing organizational crises. Based upon the assumption that a human system passes through several phases as it adapts to a crisis situation, the article describes a four-stage model, beginning with an initial period of Shock, then a period of Defensive Retreat, followed by Acknowledgment, and finally, by a process of Adaptation and Change. The four phases are presented as they apply to the individual in crisis and then are extended to incorporate organizational parameters. This is followed by a discussion of the model's relationship to other known concepts in the areas of behavior under stress, the processes of change, small-group behavior, leadership style, and organizational structure. The article concludes with some implications about the potential use of this conceptual framework as a guide to the organizational consultant.
146 citations
TL;DR: The apparent photosynthesis and respiration of C. crispus are adversely affected by a high degree of dehydration, while G. stellata is more flexible, and their local abundance and distribution are correlated with their photosynthetic responses.
90 citations
TL;DR: In maize, a single gene, Ht, conditions chlorotic lesion resistance to northern corn leaf blight caused by Helminthosporium turcicum Pass, which mediates the production of cyclic hydroxamates and related compounds which have been implicated recently in the resistance mechanism of maize, wheat and rye to both insects and fungi.
Abstract: In maize, a single gene, Ht , conditions chlorotic lesion resistance to northern corn leaf blight caused by Helminthosporium turcicum Pass. The Bx gene mediates the production of cyclic hydroxamates and related compounds which have been implicated recently in the resistance mechanism of maize, wheat and rye to both insects and fungi. In this study, cyclic hydroxamates such as 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one were evaluated as to their role in the monogenic resistant reaction. Resistant deficient ( HtHtbxbx ) and susceptible deficient ( hthtbxbx ) genotypes were compared with resistant normal ( HtHtBxBx ) and susceptible normal ( hthtBxBx ) genotypes. The percentage of leaf area infected was significantly higher in the bxbx genotypes; this was due to an increase in the number and size of lesions. In hthtbxbx plants, the lesions enlarged and became flaccid. Non-infected tissue distal to the lesions became desiccated, suggesting plugging of xylem vessels. In HtHtbxbx plants, the chlorotic lesions became large and transparent before becoming flaccid, while non-infected tissue distal to the lesions remained turgid. The 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazine-3-on isolated from maize inhibited germination of H. turcicum spores at concentrations of 1 to 10 parts/million. There was little or no germination above 6 parts/million, while spores that germinated had significantly shorter germ tubes at all concentrations.
73 citations
TL;DR: The morphological and biochemical characteristics of 50 isolates conformed in general to those described for this organism in the literature, and all isolates produced hemolysis on blood-agar.
Abstract: Vibrio parahaemolyticus was isolated from water and oysters collected from seven different sampling stations in the Great Bay and Little Bay estuarine areas of New Hampshire. The morphological and biochemical characteristics of 50 isolates conformed in general to those described for this organism in the literature. All isolates produced hemolysis on blood-agar. To date, there have been no reports of V. parahaemolyticus food poisoning outbreaks due to the consumption of fish or shellfish harvested from this estuarine region.
60 citations
TL;DR: Binding of the cationic toxin under the negatively charged monolayers of phosphatidyl inositol, sulfatide, or ganglioside explains the low ΔΠ values observed with these lipids and the known ability of this protein to coat the host membrane.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, symbol processing speed differences and symbol interference effects in a variety of concept domains are discussed. But they do not consider the effect of symbol interference on the speed of symbol processing.
Abstract: (1971). Symbol Processing Speed Differences and Symbol Interference Effects in a Variety of Concept Domains. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 85, No. 2, pp. 187-205.
53 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a portal frame subjected to free and forced vibrations is used to illustrate the application of the proposed method and to show the rotary inertia and shear effects, including the effect of transverse-shear deformation.
46 citations
TL;DR: Cholesteryl ester, triglyceride, free fatty acid, sterol, and phosphatidyl choline were separated on thin-layer chromatograms and estimated fluorometrically by means of a recording TLC scanner after spraying with Rhodamine 6G to study the relationship between concentrations of standards and fluorescence.
39 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the amount of bioturbation decreased up the estuary as the salinities became lower and the bottom-dwelling fauna changed in composition.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented normative data on 164 previously unhypnotized undergraduates who filled out two questionnaires on their expectancies prior to the administration of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A.
Abstract: From the theoretical viewpoint that complex interactions serve to attenuate potent dependencies between expectancies of being influenced and later actual hypnotic performance, normative data are presented on 164 previously unhypnotized undergraduates. Ss filled out 2 questionnaires on their expectancies prior to the administration of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A. The Personal Predictions questionnaire asked for self-ratings of expected hypnotic performance; the General Estimates questionnaire asked for ratings of the expected performance of a general college population. The 2 questionnaires were derived from the hypnosis scale in such a way that expectancies were precisely related to actual hypnotic performance, item by item, using a common scale of measurement. As had been predicted, correlations were generally small but mean differences were sizable. The findings are interpreted in terms of the theoretical viewpoint, and research applications of the 2 questionnaire...
TL;DR: Evidence is presented supporting the hypothesis that frog pituitary gonadotropins effect ovulation by stimulating synthesis of an ovulatory steroid, and it is apparent that inhibition of the capacity to form 3-keto-Δ4-steroid, presumably from a 3-hydroxy- Δ5 precursor, prevents the event of ovulation.
TL;DR: Pigments extracted from three strains of yellow enterococci showed the spectral and solvent partition characteristics of carotenoids and an unusual C(32)Carotenoid aldehyde appears to predominate.
Abstract: Pigments extracted from three strains of yellow enterococci showed the spectral and solvent partition characteristics of carotenoids. An unusual C32 carotenoid aldehyde appears to predominate.
TL;DR: In this article, a vibrational assignment of CF3CFO in the gas phase and as a solute in an air matrix has been proposed and the Raman spectra of the liquid and solid have been obtained.
TL;DR: In this paper, the copper(II) and cobalt(III) complexes of pyrrole-2-aldehyde were characterized by u.v., visible, and near-i.r. spectra.
TL;DR: In this paper, preliminary results of a search for a pulsating gamma ray flux from the pulsar NP 0532 between energies of 250 keV and 2·3 MeV were reported.
Abstract: WE wish to report preliminary results of a search for a pulsating gamma ray flux from the pulsar NP 0532 between energies of 250 keV and 2·3 MeV. The experiment, similar to that of Hillier and coworkers1, leads to a considerably lower pulsed power than reported previously, and is consistent with an extrapolation of pulsed spectra measured below 200 keV.
TL;DR: The lipids of the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus consist of approximately 3.6% hydrocarbons (including carotenes) and sterol esters, 11.8% triglycerides, 4.2% free fatty acids, 10% sterols, 15.9% glycolipids, and 6.5% phospholipids.
Abstract: SUMMARY
The lipids of the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus consist of approximately 3.6% hydrocarbons (including carotenes) and sterol esters, 11.8% triglycerides, 4.2% free fatty acids, 10.6% sterols, 15.1% chlorophylls and xanthophylls, 29.9% glycolipids, and 6.5% phospholipids. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositol appear to be present and phosphatidylcholine is absent.
TL;DR: In this paper, evidence for acceleration of charged particles in the solar atmosphere is reviewed with specific reference to production of gamma rays and neutrons at the Sun, based on theoretical assumptions and estimates and conditions for obtaining observable fluxes from Syrovatskii's dynamic dissipation model are considered.
Abstract: Evidence for acceleration of charged particles in the solar atmosphere is reviewed with specific reference to production of gamma rays and neutrons at the Sun. Fluxes of these components at the Earth, based on theoretical assumptions are also reviewed and estimates and conditions for obtaining observable fluxes from Syrovatskii's dynamic dissipation model are considered. Knowledge about the Sun, to be derived from such observations, is discussed. Finally, a brief review of the present status of experimental observations and suggestions for new experimental approaches are given.
TL;DR: Genetic studies involving yellow-skinned chickens only, have indicated that genotype and sex influence the subjective score in pigmentation, and xanthophyll and lutein were the principal natural yellow pigments of the chicken skin and shank.
TL;DR: The power of traditional popular Islam in the modern world is difficult to assess as discussed by the authors, however, developments provide at least an indirect means of evaluation for specific Muslim populations, and one such experience is provided by the relations of the British with the "Ulamâ" in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan during the early years of the Condominium.
Abstract: The power of traditional popular Islam in the modern world is difficult to assess. At times, however, developments provide at least an indirect means of evaluation for specific Muslim populations. One such experience is provided by the relations of the British with the ‘Ulamâ’ in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan during the early years of the Condominium. These relations also provide a case study of British imperial attitudes toward Islam.
TL;DR: In this paper, a vibrational spectroscopic study of tetramethylene sulfoxide (TMSO) and its hexacoordinate complexes with Al III, Cr III, Fe II, Mn II, Fe II, Co II, Ni II, and Zn II has been carried out.
TL;DR: In this paper, four mature, lactating Holstein cows were used in a 4×4 Latin-square design to evaluate high protein rations containing two concentrations each of urea and fiber.
TL;DR: Purified staphylococcal nuclease and enterotoxin B from several sources contained beta hemolysin whose physicochemical resemblances to the other two proteins make its elimination difficult.
Abstract: Purified staphylococcal nuclease and enterotoxin B from several sources contained beta hemolysin whose physicochemical resemblances to the other two proteins make its elimination difficult.
TL;DR: The hypothesis that anatomically distinct endocrine centers control the production of urea and ammonia in the earthworm has been examined and is not supported by the present data.
Abstract: The hypothesis that anatomically distinct endocrine centers control the production of urea and ammonia in the earthworm has been examined.
This hypothesis is not supported by the present data.
Ammonia output is markedly increased by a high protein diet, while the urea output is reduced by digestible carbohydrates.
TL;DR: In this article, the synthesis of simple actinomycinomycin analogs, using 3-nitrosalicylic acid as a starting material, has been reported, and the synthesis is described.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors made judgments of thickness by finger span, extent of arm movement, heaviness of lifted weights, force by handgrip, and speed of arm motion.
Abstract: Fifty male Ss made judgments of (1) thickness by finger span, (2) extent of arm movement, (3) heaviness of lifted weights, (4) force by handgrip, and (5) speed of arm movement. The method was fractionation: halving the magnitude of each stimulus. Comparisons were made in terms of the size of the exponent of the sensory scale.