Showing papers by "University of New Hampshire published in 1972"
TL;DR: The revision recognizes 310 species distributed among 51 genera and 6 families, based on the known limits of structural variation as well as decisions relative to synonyms and homonyms.
Abstract: SYNOPSIS. Nearly 400 species of hypotrichs have been described during the last 100 years, but their classification does not reflect their most probable phylogenetic relationships. Recent developments in our understanding of structural and morphogenetic variation now allow for critical evaluation of descriptions of species, explicit definitions of genera, and assignment of genera to families. Following a historical review of classification schemes used previously, morphogenetic bases are given for revisions at the family level, based on a standardized terminology of structural features. The 6 families Urostylidae (9 genera), Psilotrichidae (3 genera), Holostichidae (7 genera), Spirofilidae (7 genera), Oxytrichidae (14 genera), and Euplotidae (11 genera) are now recognized. The suborders erected by Faure-Fremiet in 1961 are not recognized in this revision.
Revision at the genus and species levels is based on the known limits of structural variation as well as decisions relative to synonyms and homonyms. Some described species are excluded because they are insufficiently described or interpretable as distorted specimens of unknown systematic position. New genera Paraurostyla n. g. and Pseudourostyla n. g. are proposed. The new names Spiratella and Psammomitra are proposed as replacement names for Spiretta and Micromitra which must fall as junior homonyms. All families and genera are diagnosed and illustrated, and synonymies are listed for each species. The revision recognizes 310 species distributed among 51 genera and 6 families.
228 citations
TL;DR: Winter fragmentation of the upright fronds of Codium fragile ssp.
Abstract: Winter fragmentation of the upright fronds of Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides is recorded for the first time. Maximum fragmentation occurs from January to March in New England. Temperature is suggested as the causative factor. The largest fronds of Codium (i.e. those over 8 cm in length) are most susceptible to fragmentation.
79 citations
TL;DR: Hemerythrins isolated from muscle, the vascular system, and the coelom of the sipunculid Dendrostomum pyroides have been isolated and it is shown that these hemerythrins have similar iron sites.
61 citations
TL;DR: The local distribution and abundance of both species are correlated with their responses in culture as well as with previous observations on their photosynthesis and respiration.
53 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the S-100 protein is not a single species of protein but a class of proteins that differ from one another by charge and molecular weight, and have different primary structures.
50 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the chemical composition of cosmic rays with Z ≥ 2 over an energy range from ∼100 MeV/nuc to >2 GeV /nuc using two new large area counter telescopes.
Abstract: We have measured the chemical composition of cosmic rays withZ≥2 over an energy range from ∼100 MeV/nuc to >2 GeV/nuc using 2 new large area counter telescopes. One of these instruments was a 4 element dE/dx×E× Range telescope, the other a 4 element dE/dx×Cerenkov× ×Range telescope. Two balloon flights with these telescopes at Ft. Churchill in the summer of 1970 provided a total of nearly 1000 Fe nuclei with a charge resolution ranging from ∼0.10 charge unit at Carbon to ∼0.25 charge unit at Fe. A detailed charge spectrum is obtained at both high and low energies. Some important differences exist between the present results and those obtained earlier, due in part to the improved statistical accuracy and in part to the improved background rejection of the present data. In particular, the abundance of Cr and Mn are each found to be ∼0.10×Fe in contrast to the earlier ratio of ∼0.30 found by some workers for each of these nuclei. The abundance of these two nuclei, as well as others in the 15–25 range, shows no strong dependence on energy. We have extrapolated our composition data to the cosmic ray sources using a variety of interstellar path length distributions. The abundances ofall secondary nuclei withZ between 3–25 are consistent only with propagation models which have vacuum path length distributions which do not differ greatly from exponential. The source abundances of nuclei withZ=15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, and 25 are found to be <0.02×Fe. For the remaining nuclei, Na, Al, S, and Ca are found to have source abundances of 0.07, 0.11, 0.18 and 0.13 of Fe respectively. The source abundance of C and O relative to Fe is also much different than some earlier compilations. A comparison of solar and cosmic ray abundances reveals certain selective differences, rather than a systematic overabundance of heavy nuclei in cosmic rays, as has been suggested in the past. These differences are discussed in terms of a common nucleosynthesis origin of the two species of particles.
46 citations
TL;DR: Physiological and pharmacological studies using mammalian intestine, vertebrate and invertebrate heart preparations and human serum, indicate anticholinesterase-like activity in Gymnodinium breve.
45 citations
TL;DR: The growth in situ of populations of Gigartina stellata (Stackhouse) Batters has been recorded at three New Hampshire locations and correlated with seasonal and spatial variations of surface salinity, temperature, and nutrients.
41 citations
TL;DR: The concentration, gel strength, viscosity, and ratio of kappa to lambda fractions of carrageenan in Chondrus crispus Stackhouse have been studied in relation to age, reproduction, habitat, and season of harvesting.
38 citations
TL;DR: The control of the accumulation of this protein during mouse central nervous system development is a result of modulation of both rates of synthesis and degradation.
36 citations
TL;DR: The development of protective behavior in the Galapagos sea lion is probably related to two factors, being in a semitropical situation which forces the large bull to maintain his territory primarily in the water to prevent overheating and the abundance of sharks, which creates a continuous hazard for the smaller sea lions.
Abstract: 1), thus into the heart of the rookery. In such shallow water, part of the shark's back emerged. As the shark came in, a large bull moved almost into contact with it. The smaller sea lions dashed away across the surface and out onto the beach. Meanwhile, four bulls converged on the shark and deflected it out of the rookery. The shark did not swim faster, even though it was evidently avoiding the bulls. The shark took no sea lions, and the bulls did not clearly bite the shark, although a photo shows that one bull attempted to bite the shark. On the next day George A. Bartholomew reported that a shark was seen patrolling between 10:00 and 11:00 hr. The sharks' behavior suggests that they patrolled the reef awaiting an opportunity to capture a young sea lion. The bulls protected the young by escorting the sharks away. The sharks were not treated as territorial rivals because the bulls ignored one another's territories, even if poorly defined, to intercept the shark. The bulls acted collectively, mobbing the shark when it intruded upon the rookery. The development of protective behavior in the Galapagos sea lion is probably related to two factors. One is its extreme geographic position, being in a semitropical situation which forces the large bull to maintain his territory primarily in the water to prevent overheating. The other factor is the abundance of sharks there, which creates a continuous hazard for the smaller sea lions. Establishing the role of the male as a protector of pups complicates Bartholomew's (1970) elegant model. Calculations of reproductive success must include the degree of relationship between the bull and the progeny benefitting from his protection. Since the relationship between the bull and his offspring is closer if the animals return to the same place to breed each year, the model should also incorporate a component for site consistency. FIG. 1. A plan view of the cove on the east side of Champion Island (near Charles Is.), Galapagos, as reconstructed from field notes. \"Rookery,\" to the left, identifies the beach where most of the sea lions hauled out. Everything to the right of \"Blue Water\" is open ocean. The other terms are explained in the text.
TL;DR: The use of the combined techniques, i.e., membrane adsorption followed by aqueous polymer two-phase separation, provided a highly sensitive, simple, and remarkably reliable sequential methodology for the quantitative recovery of poliovirus occurring at multiplicities as low as 1 to 2 plaque-forming units per 5 gal of water.
Abstract: The efficiency of a Millitube MF cartridge filter, a membrane filter, for recovery of poliovirus from 100-gal volumes of both fresh (tap) and estuarine water was determined. In the high multiplicity of virus input-output experiments, recovery of 97% or greater of input virus was achieved in both types of water when the final concentration of divalent cation as Mg2+ was 1,200 μg/ml and the pH was 4.5. Virus was effectively eluted from the membrane cartridge with 5× nutrient broth in 0.05 M carbonate-bicarbonate buffer at pH 9.0. Four elutions of 250 ml each were used. In the low multiplicity of virus input-output experiments under the same cationic and pH conditions, up to 67% of the input virus was recovered when the virus was further concentrated from the eluates by the aqueous polymer two-phase separation technique. The volume reduction was 126,000-190,000 to 1. The use of the combined techniques, i.e., membrane adsorption followed by aqueous polymer two-phase separation, provided a highly sensitive, simple, and remarkably reliable sequential methodology for the quantitative recovery of poliovirus occurring at multiplicities as low as 1 to 2 plaque-forming units per 5 gal of water.
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis is made of finding the lowest natural frequency of a clamped parabolic arc with a variable section including the effect of the cross section and constant section.
Abstract: An analysis is made of finding the lowest natural frequency of a clamped parabolic arc with a variable section including the effect of the cross section and constant section.
TL;DR: Results suggest that inherent factors in White Carneau aorta cells are responsible for lipid accumulation under conditions of physiological stress.
TL;DR: Morphogenetic development indicates that the barren cirrus base is 2/V (Wallengren system), and that it apparently buds from 1/V, and that the left marginal cirrus and right caudal cirri have different origins.
Abstract: SYNOPSIS
Euplotes raikovi, an interstitial hypotrich ciliate described once from the Caspian Sea, was isolated from intertidal sand at Rye Harbor, New Hampshire. Specimens were observed in life, and also stained by Corliss’ modification of the Chatton-Lwoff wet-silver technic and by 2 nigrosin methods. Living individuals and those fixed with Parducz's fluid are 43 × 30 (37-50 × 25–35) μm. The AZM has an average length of 27 μm and contains 24–32 membranelles. The anterior part of AZM lies on the ventral face of an apical channel, much as in E. bisulcatus. There are 7 fronto-ventral, 4 transverse, 1 left marginal, and 2 right caudal cirri. An additional small, rounded argentophilic area resembling a cirrus base is evident in silver-stained preparations, but it is barren in virtually 100% of the population. There are 7–8 (usually 7) dorsal ciliary rows with E. patella-type argyrome. The modal number of cilia in rows I-VII are 3-7-9-9-9-10-10. The unique fronto-ventral cirrus pattern is stable and predictable at the time of streak phase. Morphogenetic development indicates that the barren cirrus base is 2/V (Wallengren system), and that it apparently buds from 1/V. The left marginal cirrus and right caudal cirri have different origins.
TL;DR: This article examined the relationship of a wide range of etiological theories of alcoholism held by the public with the methods of treatment or control advocated and found evidence of a certain amount of logical inconsistency within the belief systems of the public.
Abstract: This study examines the relationship of a wide range of etiological theories of alcoholism held by the public with the methods of treatment or control advocated Two separate sources of data were used: 1 a community survey of attitudes and beliefs on alcoholism, and 2 a content analysis of articles written on alcoholism in popular middleclass magazines during the 20th century Findings from both sets of data support the view that public attitudes and beliefs on alcoholism constitute a somewhat complete ideology with the treatment preferences dependent on theories of behavior held However, the logical and empirical correspondence between etiological theories and control method is a loose one Several methods of treatment or control may be logically compatible with the same theory of behavior There is also evidence of a certain amount of logical inconsistency within the belief systems of the public The current confusion in public policy with regard to alcoholism problems may be a reflection of: a) inconsistency within individual belief systems, b) divergency between individuals in theories of alcoholism held, and c) the rapidness of changes that have been occurring in public beliefs about alcoholism during the last few decades
TL;DR: Polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis in SDS-urea of S-100 isolated from beef brain demonstrates that the protein is composed of two subunits, providing a basis for the observed multiplicity of native S- 100 proteins.
TL;DR: A generalized assessment of the functions of 26 genes of SP82G, a bacteriophage of Bacillus subtilis, has been made, showing a tendency to occur on the genome in three groups of related function: genes involved with DNA synthesis, with tail synthesis, and with head synthesis.
Abstract: A generalized assessment of the functions of 26 genes of SP82G, a bacteriophage of Bacillus subtilis, has been made. The production of phage-specific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), DNA-filled phage heads, completed phage particles, phage-specific antigen, and developmental aberrations has been examined in lysates of temperature-sensitive mutants grown under selective conditions. The genes show a tendency to occur on the genome in three groups of related function: genes involved with DNA synthesis, with tail synthesis, and with head synthesis.
TL;DR: In this article, the infrared spectra of acetyl fluoride and d3 are reported for the gas and the solid, as well as the Raman spectra for the liquids.
TL;DR: In this article, a synthesis procedure is presented whereby the network function T (s) can be realized as an active RC multiport network with grounded ports, based on V(s) = T (S) U (s), where T is a q × p matrix of real rational functions of the complex variable s, the realization requires a minimum number of grounded capacitors and no more than 2 (p+n) inverting, grounded voltage amplifiers or p+n differential output.
Abstract: A synthesis procedure–easily implemented as a digital computer program– is presented whereby the network function T (s) can be realized as an active RC multiport network with grounded ports. Based on V (s) = T (s) U (s), where T (s) is a q × p matrix of real rational functions of the complex variable s, the realization requires a minimum number of grounded capacitors–n = degree { T (s)}–and no more than 2 (p+n) inverting, grounded voltage amplifiers or p+n differential output, grounded voltage amplifiers. Note: These properties of the realization are desirable if the network is to be fabricated as an integrated circuit.
TL;DR: A Markov renewal model is mathematically developed and its application to urban travel modeling is reviewed, and it can represent the time spent at each destination of a linked trip.
Abstract: Previous models have been used in attempts to examine the linkages among activities in an urban area. Focusing upon linked trips made among the activities, these models have used Markov chain theory. However, the lack of time-dependence in such models has necessitated a nontemporal view of such trips. A Markov renewal model, however, includes this time dimension and, thus, can represent the time spent at each destination of a linked trip. This model is mathematically developed, and its application to urban travel modeling is reviewed.
TL;DR: Raman and infrared data for solid SF4, deposited at liquid-nitrogen temperatures and annealed, are reported and interpreted in terms of the recently revised assignment for the gas phase.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed two mathematical models of housing turnover in a neighborhood, one based on non-homogeneous Markov processes and the other based on Markov renewal process.
Abstract: This paper develops two mathematical models of housing turnover in a neighborhood. The first of these draws upon the theory of non-homogeneous Markov processes and includes the effects of present neighborhood composition upon future turnover probabilities. The second model considers the turnover process as a Markov renewal process and therefore allows the inclusion of length of occupancy as a determinant of transition probabilities. Example calculations for both models are included, and procedures for using the models are outlined.
TL;DR: These experiments show that a DNA inactivation process within the cell is inhibited after infection of the cell by intact phage particles, and suggest that the inhibition of this system is necessary for the successful establishment of an infectious center.
Abstract: The stability of SP82G bacteriophage deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) after its uptake by competent Bacillus subtilis was examined by determining the ability of superinfecting phage particles to rescue genetic markers carried by the infective DNA. These experiments show that a DNA inactivation process within the cell is inhibited after infection of the cell by intact phage particles. The inhibition is maximally expressed 6 min after phage infection and is completely prevented by the addition of chloramphenicol at the time of infection. The protective effect of this function extends even to infective DNA which was present in the cell before the addition of intact phage. Continued protein synthesis does not appear to be a requirement for the maintenance of the inhibition. In an analogous situation, if infectious centers resulting from singly infecting phage particles are exposed to chloramphenicol shortly after the time of infection, an exponential decrease in the survival of infectious centers with time held in chloramphenicol is observed. If the addition of chloramphenicol is delayed until 6 min after infection, the infectious centers are resistant to chloramphenicol. The sensitivity of infectious centers treated with chloramphenicol at early times after infection is strongly dependent upon the multiplicity of infection and is consistent with a model of multiplicity reactivation. These results indicate that injected DNA is also susceptible to the intracellular inactivation process and suggest that the inhibition of this system is necessary for the successful establishment of an infectious center.
TL;DR: In this paper, political uses of sorcery in medieval Europe are discussed. But they focus on the use of magic in the Middle Ages, and not on the political aspects of magic.
Abstract: (1972). Political Uses of Sorcery in Medieval Europe. The Historian: Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 670-687.
TL;DR: A review of 40 previously described species of Ochrotrichia is given and descriptions and figures of 15 new species based on male, and in a few cases, female, genitalia are presented.
Abstract: A review of 40 previously described species of Ochrotrichia is given. Descriptions and figures of 15 new species based on male, and in a few cases, female, genitalia are presented. The total number of species in the genus described to date is 55. The area of the greatest abundance appears to be the western States. The new species described are zioni, alsea, hadria, arizonica, ildrea, nacora, alexanderi, lucia, buccata, vertreesi, spinulata, rothi, quadrispina, argentea , all from western United States, and chiapa from Mexico.
TL;DR: Analysis of mixtures of octamer and monomer produced by partial modification suggest the involvement of one specific car☐yl group in the observed dissociation reaction.