University of New Hampshire

About: University of New Hampshire is a education organization based out in Durham, New Hampshire, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Solar wind. The organization has 9379 authors who have published 24025 publications receiving 1020112 citations. The organization is also known as: UNH.

Numbers of enterococci in water, sewage, and feces determined by the membrane filter technique with an improved medium.

Abstract: In a previous report from this laboratory (Slanetz et al., 1955), a highly selective medium was described for use with membrane filters in the enumeration of enterococci or fecal streptococci in water. Higher counts for enterococci were generally obtained with this procedure than with other methods described. The technique afforded a relatively simple and direct means for the determination of numbers of enterococci in water, sewage, or other materials. After studies of the effects of various amounts and combinations of peptones and other ingredients in media for the cultivation of enterococci on the membrane filters, it became evident that improvements could be made. As a result, a new medium has been formulated. The composition and efficiency of this medium are described.

Gender symmetry in prevalence, severity, and chronicity of physical aggression against dating partners by university students in Mexico and USA.

Abstract: The paper reports results from analyses of the physical aggression against dating partners by four samples of university students in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, Mexican Americans and Non-Mexican Whites in El Paso and Lubbock Texas, and New Hampshire (N=1,544). The percent reporting partner violence (PV) was high in all samples, but also differed significantly between samples. The lowest rate was in New Hampshire (29.7%), followed by Texas, Non-Mexican Whites (30.9%), Texas Mexican American (34.2%), and the highest rate was in Juarez (46.1%). When only severe assaults were compared, the differences between samples was similar, i.e., lowest in New Hampshire and highest in Juarez. In all four samples, there was no significant difference between males and females in either the overall prevalence of physical aggression or the prevalence of severe attacks. Among the 553 couples where one or both of the partners were violent, in almost three quarters of the cases (71.2%) there was gender symmetry in the sense that both partners engaged in this type of behavior. When only one partner was violent, this was twice as likely to be the female partner (19.0%) as the male partner (9.8%). Among the 205 couples where there was an act of severe aggression, symmetry was less prevalent (56.6%), but when only one partner was violent, it was again twice as likely to be the female partner (29.8% female only versus 13.7 male partner only). These results are consistent with the gender symmetry in PV found in many studies. They extend those results by showing that gender symmetry prevails in four different cultural contexts. The presence of gender symmetry in these different cultural contexts, combined with studies showing that women are injured more often and more seriously by partner-assaults, and studies showing that women initiate PV as often as men, suggests that programs and policies aimed at primary prevention of PV by women are crucial to ending PV and for reducing the victimization of men and women. Language: en

Large subglacial lakes in East Antarctica at the onset of fast-flowing ice streams

Abstract: Water has been found to gather in lakes underneath the Antarctic ice sheet, and it can move between lakes and drain catastrophically. Despite this, relatively little is known about how subglacial lakes influence ice sheet dynamics. Now satellite imagery has identified four subglacial lakes, similar in total area to Lake Vostok, right at the onset of the Recovery Glacier ice stream in East Antarctica. This suggests that subglacial lakes may initiate and maintain rapid ice flow, a mechanism that will need to be considered in future ice sheet mass balance assessments. Satellite imagery is used to identify four subglacial lakes, similar in total area to Lake Vostok, right at the onset of the Recovery Glacier ice stream in East Antarctica. This suggests that the subglacial lakes can initiate and maintain rapid ice flow, a mechanism that will need to be considered in future ice-sheet mass balance assessments. Water plays a crucial role in ice-sheet stability and the onset of ice streams. Subglacial lake water moves between lakes1 and rapidly drains, causing catastrophic floods2. The exact mechanisms by which subglacial lakes influence ice-sheet dynamics are unknown, however, and large subglacial lakes3,4 have not been closely associated with rapidly flowing ice streams. Here we use satellite imagery and ice-surface elevations to identify a region of subglacial lakes, similar in total area to Lake Vostok, at the onset region of the Recovery Glacier ice stream in East Antarctica and predicted by ice-sheet models5. We define four lakes through extensive, flat, featureless regions of ice surface bounded by upstream troughs and downstream ridges. Using ice velocities determined using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), we find the onset of rapid flow (moving at 20 to 30 m yr-1) of the tributaries to the Recovery Glacier ice stream in a 280-km-wide segment at the downslope margins of these four subglacial lakes. We conclude that the subglacial lakes initiate and maintain rapid ice flow through either active modification of the basal thermal regime of the ice sheet by lake accretion or through scouring bedrock channels in periodic drainage events. We suggest that the role of subglacial lakes needs to be considered in ice-sheet mass balance assessments.