University of New Hampshire

About: University of New Hampshire is a education organization based out in Durham, New Hampshire, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Solar wind. The organization has 9379 authors who have published 24025 publications receiving 1020112 citations. The organization is also known as: UNH.

A three-dimensional flux rope model for coronal mass ejections based on a loss of equilibrium

Abstract: A series of simulation runs are carried out to investigate the loss of equilibrium of the three-dimensional flux rope configuration of Titov & Demoulin as a suitable mechanism for the initiation of coronal mass ejections. By means of these simulations, we are able to determine the conditions for which stable equilibria no longer exist. Our results imply that it is possible to achieve a loss of equilibrium even though the ends of the flux rope are anchored to the solar surface. However, in order to have the flux rope escape, it is necessary to modify the configuration by eliminating the arcade field.

Coronal loop oscillations Calculation of resonantly damped MHD quasi-mode kink oscillations of longitudinally stratified loops

Abstract: The observed coronal loop oscillations and their damping are often theoretically described by the use of a very simple coronal loop model, viz. a straight, longitudinally invariant, axi-symmetric, and pressureless flux tube with a different density inside and outside of the loop. In this paper we generalize the model by including longitudinal density stratification and we examine how the longitudinal density stratification alters the linear eigenmodes of the system, their oscillation frequencies, and the damping rates by resonant absorption.

Prairie strips improve biodiversity and the delivery of multiple ecosystem services from corn–soybean croplands

Abstract: Loss of biodiversity and degradation of ecosystem services from agricultural lands remain important challenges in the United States despite decades of spending on natural resource management. To date, conservation investment has emphasized engineering practices or vegetative strategies centered on monocultural plantings of nonnative plants, largely excluding native species from cropland. In a catchment-scale experiment, we quantified the multiple effects of integrating strips of native prairie species amid corn and soybean crops, with prairie strips arranged to arrest run-off on slopes. Replacing 10% of cropland with prairie strips increased biodiversity and ecosystem services with minimal impacts on crop production. Compared with catchments containing only crops, integrating prairie strips into cropland led to greater catchment-level insect taxa richness (2.6-fold), pollinator abundance (3.5-fold), native bird species richness (2.1-fold), and abundance of bird species of greatest conservation need (2.1-fold). Use of prairie strips also reduced total water runoff from catchments by 37%, resulting in retention of 20 times more soil and 4.3 times more phosphorus. Corn and soybean yields for catchments with prairie strips decreased only by the amount of the area taken out of crop production. Social survey results indicated demand among both farming and nonfarming populations for the environmental outcomes produced by prairie strips. If federal and state policies were aligned to promote prairie strips, the practice would be applicable to 3.9 million ha of cropland in Iowa alone.

Identifying Social Impacts in Product Supply Chains:Overview and Application of the Social Hotspot Database

Abstract: One emerging tool to measure the social-related impacts in supply chains is Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA), a derivative of the well-established environmental LCA technique. LCA has recently started to gain popularity among large corporations and initiatives, such as The Sustainability Consortium or the Sustainable Apparel Coalition. Both have made the technique a cornerstone of their applied-research program. The Social Hotspots Database (SHDB) is an overarching, global database that eases the data collection burden in S-LCA studies. Proposed “hotspots” are production activities or unit processes (also defined as country-specific sectors) in the supply chain that may be at risk for social issues to be present. The SHDB enables efficient application of S-LCA by allowing users to prioritize production activities for which site-specific data collection is most desirable. Data for three criteria are used to inform prioritization: (1) labor intensity in worker hours per unit process and (2) risk for, or opportunity to affect, relevant social themes or sub-categories related to Human Rights, Labor Rights and Decent Work, Governance and Access to Community Services (3) gravity of a social issue. The Worker Hours Model was developed using a global input/output economic model and wage rate data. Nearly 200 reputable sources of statistical data have been used to develop 20 Social Theme Tables by country and sector. This paper presents an overview of the SHDB development and features, as well as results from a pilot study conducted on strawberry yogurt. This study, one of seven Social Scoping Assessments mandated by The Sustainability Consortium, identifies the potential social hotspots existing in the supply chain of strawberry yogurt. With this knowledge, companies that manufacture or sell yogurt can refine their data collection efforts in order to put their social responsibility performance in perspective and

Comparison of mitochondrial DNA sequences of seven morphospecies of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae).

Abstract: Universal primers constructed from the 16S ribosomal RNA gene in the Drosophila yakuba mitochondrial genome were successfully used to amplify, via the polymerase chain reaction, the homologous regi...