Showing papers by "University of New Mexico published in 1982"
TL;DR: In this article, it is suggested that if archaeologists are to be successful in understanding the organization of past cultural systems they must understand the organizational relationships among places which were differentially used during the operation of past systems.
623 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose and analyze an experiment designed to probe the extent to which information accessible to an observer and the "eraser" of this information affects measured results.
Abstract: We propose and analyze an experiment designed to probe the extent to which information accessible to an observer and the "eraser" of this information affects measured results. The proposed experiment could also be operated in a "delayed-choice" mode.
578 citations
TL;DR: Corticotropin-releasing factor altered the frequency of those behaviors which are normally expressed in response to the novel environment, and caused an increase in grooming and decreases in the amount of rearing.
566 citations
TL;DR: In this tutorial survey a common framework of defimtmns and notation is established, the contributions from the main fields of apphcatmn are reviewed, recent results and extensions are presented, and areas of ongoing and future research are discussed.
Abstract: Decision trees and diagrams (also known as sequential evaluation procedures) have widespread applications in databases, dec~smn table programming, concrete complexity theory, switching theory, pattern recognmon, and taxonomy--in short, wherever discrete functions must be evaluated sequentially. In this tutorial survey a common framework of defimtmns and notation is established, the contributions from the main fields of apphcatmn are reviewed, recent results and extensions are presented, and areas of ongoing and future research are discussed.
336 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that American elderly consider using a combination of moderate vitamin D supplementation and increased sunlight exposure in order to improve their vitamin D nutriture.
326 citations
TL;DR: Dietary and supplemental intakes were assessed from 3-day food records collected from 270 free-living, middle income and healthy men and women over 60 yr of age residing in the Albuquerque, NM vicinity and the 1980 Recommended Dietary Allowances were used to assess adequacy of intake.
266 citations
TL;DR: The behavior of 15 internal medicine residents, each with 10 patients, was observed through a one-way mirror and correlations between physician behavior and patient satisfaction did not hold for the four women physicians studied.
Abstract: The behavior of 15 internal medicine residents, each with 10 patients, was observed through a one-way mirror. Ratings by the patients of satisfaction with their physicians were also obtained. Patient satisfaction correlated strongly with ratings for physician courtesy and information-giving, Nonverbal behaviors such as eye contact, bodily positioning, and physical contact did not correlate with patient satisfaction. The correlations between physician behavior and patient satisfaction did not hold for the four women physicians studied.
240 citations
TL;DR: The antiallotype specific monoclonal antibodies directed against rat kappa light chains have been generated by immunizing SJL/J mice with soluble rat immunoglobulin, followed by fusion of immune spleen cells with the P3-X63-Ag8 myeloma cell line.
Abstract: Monoclonal antibodies directed against rat kappa light chains have been generated by immunizing SJL/J mice with soluble rat immunoglobulin, followed by fusion of immune spleen cells with the P3-X63-Ag8 myeloma cell line. Monoclonal antibodies from three of these hybridoma cell lines, MAR 18.5, 80.2, and 103.6, have been extensively characterized. MAR 18.5, 80.2, and 103.6 antibodies are of the λ2a x isotype, and bind strongly to protein A, allowing easy purification. Monoclonal antibody from clone 18.5 binds equally well to Ig of both Rl-la and Rl-lb allotypes, whereas 80.2 and 103.6 antibodies selectively bind to Rl-lb. These monoclonal antibodies can be FITC conjugated for use as a second antibody in indirect immunofluorescence assays, or radiolabeled for use in radio immunoassays requiring a specific antirat x antibody. The antiallotype specific monoclonal antibodies also may be of use in the study of rat immunoglobulin genetics.
233 citations
219 citations
TL;DR: The recognition that patient characteristics influence physician behavior should stimulate physicians to examine their reactions in order to insure that all types of patients receive thorough, courteous and empathic care.
Abstract: We examined whether four patient characteristics (age, ethnicity, sex and appearance) influenced five physician behaviors with the patient (interviewing, nonverbal attention, courtesy, information giving and empathy). Ten physician-patient interactions were observed through a one-way mirror for each of 15 physicians. Physicians were rated higher on information giving (p = 0.002) and empathic skills (p = 0.02) when they were with female patients; on interviewing (p = 0.02) and empathy (p = 0.0007) with Anglo-American compared with Spanish-American patients; on interviewing (p = 0.01), nonverbal attention (p = 0.001) and courtesy (p = 0.02) when with the best groomed patients; and on courtesy (p = 0.03) with elderly patients. In addition, there were fewer physician-initiated interruptions with female patients (p = 0.03) and with well-groomed patients (p = 0.02). Each of the four patient characteristics studied acted independently in influencing physician behavior. The recognition that patient characteristics influence physician behavior should stimulate physicians to examine their reactions in order to insure that all types of patients receive thorough, courteous and empathic care.
214 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the positions of the Bi 4 f 7 2 and 4 f 5 2 peaks were considered and peak-fitting routines were used to find a linear relation between the binding energies and oxidation state.
Book•
01 Jan 1982TL;DR: The Classic Mayan obsession with time has never been better known than in this article, where the present-day keepers of the ancient calendar have been identified as a source of inspiration.
Abstract: Described as a landmark in the ethnographic study of the Maya, this study of ritual and cosmology among the contemporary Quich Indians of highland Guatemala has now been updated to address changes that have occurred in the last decade. The Classic Mayan obsession with time has never been better known. Here, Barbara Tedlock redirects our attention to the present-day keepers of the ancient calendar. Combining anthropology with formal apprenticeship to a diviner, she refutes long-held ethnographic assumptions and opens a door to the order of the Mayan cosmos and its daily ritual. Unable to visit the region for over ten years, Tedlock returned in 1989 to find that observance of the traditional calendar and religion is stronger than ever, despite a brutal civil war. ." . . a well-written, highly readable, and deeply convincing contribution. . . ." --Michael Coe
TL;DR: Two enzymes involved in the de novo synthesis of pyrimidines, orotic acid PRTase, and orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, were present in parasite extracts as were the enzymes for pyrimidine nucleotide phosphorylation.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: There was no difference in PHA or skin test responses between the healthy and chronically ill elderly subjects, suggesting that the major determinant of depressed cellular immunity in the elderly is age per se and not age-associated diseases.
Abstract: We measured in vitro mitogen responses, delayed hypersensitivity skin tests, circulating immune complexes (CIC) and three autoantibodies in 279 healthy and 24 chronically ill individuals over 65, and in young controls. The elderly individuals had previously undergone a complete medical examination and laboratory screening tests, and were on no medications. Compared to the results of 180 young controls tested concurrently, the healthy elderly individuals had significantly depressed PHA responses and skin test responses. In addition, CIC and autoantibodies were increased in the healthy elderly group compared to young controls. There was no difference in PHA or skin test responses between the healthy and chronically ill elderly subjects, suggesting that the major determinant of depressed cellular immunity in the elderly is age per se and not age-associated diseases. Within the elderly population, aged 65-94, there was a significant decrease in PHA response with age. Previously it has been reported that correlations exist between measurements of cellular immune response (mitogen response and skin testing) and manifestations of autoimmunity (CIC or autoantibodies) in elderly subjects. However, in this well characterized healthy elderly population we could not verify an association between the cellular immune response and either autoantibodies or immune complexes. In addition, was no increased prevalence of autoantibodies in subjects with CIC.
TL;DR: Prevalence studies among Indians are reviewed and analyzed by comparison with each other and national studies and a specific scheme of susceptibility is proposed which may explain the patterns of variation in both tribal and individual substance abuse.
Abstract: The use of alcohol and other substances by American Indians has received considerable popular attention over the years. Empirical studies of prevalence for all types of substance abuse, however, ha...
TL;DR: A distinct relationship exists between the δD values of cellulose carbon bound hydrogen in trees and average annual temperature for a variety of trees from a wide range over North America as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A distinct relationship exists between the δD values of cellulose carbon bound hydrogen in trees and average annual temperature for a variety of trees from a wide range over North America. The slope of the δD/T relationship is 5.8‰°C^(−1). Samples of annual precipitation covering much the same geographical range as the trees exhibit a comparable temperature coefficient of 5.6‰°C^(−1). Such growth-site conditions as poor drainage and/or low relative humidity seem to perturb the spatial δD/T relationship. However, our data indicate that suitable tree growth sites are more the rule than the exception.
TL;DR: In the case of the Shaw and Rose City breccias of unmelted and melted material, their melted metal need not have cooled through 1000 C within a few meters of the surface.
TL;DR: Female katydids receive a large spermatophore at mating which they subsequently eat, and when given the choice between two singing males of different weights, females always mated with the larger individual.
TL;DR: The data indicate that prophylactic administration of carbenicillin indanyl sodium decreases the complications of fever and urinary tract infections following transrectal biopsy of the prostate.
TL;DR: Thirty‐eight patients with carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses received primary therapy consisting of external beam megavoltage irradiation alone or in combination with surgery at the Stanford University Medical Center, Division of Radiation Therapy, during the period between 1956–1974.
Abstract: Thirty-eight patients with carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses received primary therapy consisting of external beam megavoltage irradiation alone or in combination with surgery at the Stanford University Medical Center, Division of Radiation Therapy, during the period between 1956-1974. Doses of radiation ranged from 5560 rad over 5 1/2 weeks to 8050 rad over seven weeks. Relapse free survival is 37% and absolute survival 32% at five years. Twenty of 38 patients developed local failure and four patients died with metastatic disease but local control. Serious complications included two cases each of osteoradionecrosis and optic nerve injury. The data are analysed regarding dose, radiotherapeutic technique, patterns of relapse and complications.
TL;DR: From experiments on rats it may be assumed that a specific placental-fetal growth-promoting and growth-regulating factors(s) exists, and identification of such a placement-based growth factor in humans might aid in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of fetal growth retardation.
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: In this paper, an adaptive genetic algorithm for determining the optimum filter coefficients in a recursive adaptive filter is presented, which does not use gradient techniques and thus is appropriate for use in problems where the function to be optimized is non-unimodal or non-quadratic, such as the mean-squared error surface.
Abstract: An adaptive genetic algorithm for determining the optimum filter coefficients in a recursive adaptive filter is presented. The algorithm does not use gradient techniques and thus is appropriate for use in problems where the function to be optimized is non-unimodal or non-quadratic, such as the mean-squared error surface in a recursive adaptive filter. The mechanisms of the algorithm are inspired by adaptive processes observed in nature. After an initial set of possible filters is randomly selected, each filter is mapped to a binary string representation. Selected bit strings are then transformed using the operations of crossover and mutation to build new "generations" of filters. The probability of selecting a particular bit string to modify and/or replicate for the next "generation" is inversely proportional to its estimated mean-squared error value. Hence, the process not only examines new filter coefficient values, but also retains the advances made in previous "generations". Computer simulations of the algorithm's performance on unimodal and bimodal error surfaces are presented.
TL;DR: Five patients relapsed in the brain, all associated with chest failure, and quality control analysis, including dosimetric reconstruction and port film review was introduced after the protocol was activated and was retrospectively applied.
Abstract: Two hundred and ninety-eight patients with limited (confined to chest and supraclavicular area, encompassable by a single radiation portal) small cell carcinoma of the lung were entered on Southwest Oncology Group Protocol 7628. Patients were treated with multi-agent chemotherapy and radiation therapy with or without BCG. Radiation therapy quality control analysis, including dosimetric reconstruction and port film review was introduced after the protocol was activated and was retrospectively applied. Patients who were considered major protocol variations had statistically worse survival (40 weeks versus 60 weeks; P = .002), a lesser improvement in response rate after induction chemotherapy (27 versus 48%; P = .05) and a higher chest failure rate (77 versus 55%; P = .047) than evaluable patients. Five patients relapsed in the brain, all associated with chest failure. Quality control is essential in cooperative group studies.
TL;DR: A general model for long-term structural change in trichopteran communities of the southern Rocky Mountains is suggested and it is suggested that these long- term changes result from changes in quantity and quality of wood inputs during forest succession.
Abstract: A comparison of the trichopteran communities of streams associated with aspen, spruce-fir, and nixed-conifer forests demonstrated significant differences in structure. Though tri- chopteran species composition in aspen-associated and spruce-fir associated streams was virtually identical, relative abundances of shredder and grazer Trichoptera differed significantly in the two types of streams. The ratio of shredder to grazer trichopteran biomass in aspen streams was 1:17 while in conifer streams, the dominance was reversed with a shredder to grazer biomass ratio of 3:1. The difference in dominance of functional groups in the two types of streams was attributed to the order-of-magnitude greater standing crop of detritus found in the conifer streams. It is hypothesized that the greater accumulation of detritus in conifer streams is the result of habitat modification by logs. Five times the number of logs were found in conifer streams as compared to aspen streams. The greater accumulation of logs in the conifer streams is attributed to lower rates of decomposition of conifer wood. The data suggest a general model for long-term structural change in trichopteran communities of the southern Rocky Mountains and I suggest that these long-term changes result from changes in quantity and quality of wood inputs during forest succession.
TL;DR: High transcuticular water loss rates were correlated with higher proportions of relatively short-chain, methyl-branched alkanes and alkadienes, and high proportions of longer chain lengths of both branched alkenes and alkADienes were associated with lower cuticular permeabilities.
Abstract: The effects of larval and pupal thermal regime on adult transcuticular water loss rates and epicuticular hydrocarbon composition in Drosophila pseudoobscura were determined. Temperatures encountered by the larval stage had no effect, but flies emerging from pupae maintained at 24°C exhibited significantly lower cuticular permeabilities than those emerging from pupae maintained at 17°C. More than 50% of the variance in cuticular permeability was accounted for by variation in the proportion of n-pentacosadiene in the epicuticular hydrocarbons. High transcuticular water loss rates were correlated with higher proportions of relatively short-chain, methyl-branched alkanes and alkadienes. High proportions of longer chain lengths of both branched alkanes and alkadienes were associated with lower cuticular permeabilities. The molecular basis for these findings is discussed.
TL;DR: The dynamics of desert ecosystems control levels of resources that are essential to the survival of desert biotas as discussed by the authors, and the processes of production, consumption, decomposition, and nutrient-cycling in deserts are also highly irregular and difficult to predict with accuracy.
Abstract: The dynamics of desert ecosystems control levels of resources that are essential to the survival of desert biotas. Because precipitation is both low and relatively unpredictable in arid regions, the climates, topographies, and soils, of these areas present formidable constraints to resource availability in space and time. And for the same reason, the processes of production, consumption, decomposition, and nutrient-cycling in deserts are also highly irregular and difficult to predict with accuracy. For example, global models relating actual evapotranspiration to primary production and decomposition apply poorly in arid regions.Surprisingly great amounts of carbon are stored in desert soils, particularly in caliche deposits which represent a major ‘sink’ of carbon from the atmosphere. In Arizona desert soils, inorganic carbon exceeds organic carbon by a factor of > 10. Direct use of organic carbon is made principally by organisms that break down desert litter and simultaneously cause relatively high rates of nitrogen mineralization. While nitrogen is traditionally considered deficient in arid environments, its flux is considerable because of high rates of gain by fixation and loss by denitrification and volatilization. Nitrogen accumulates in ‘islands of fertility’ beneath desert shrubs where it becomes relatively available because of (i) its high concentration in plant litter, and (ii) reduced activity of any aromatic modifiers that retard decomposition.It is misleading in deserts to relate nutrient availability to yearly averages, as nutrients may become highly available following pulses of ‘effective’ precipitation. Moreover, mineralization and subsequent availability to plants of phosphorous, the ‘master element’ in nutrient cycling, are moderately independent of nitrogen mineralization and can proceed rapidly. Clearly, the case for nutrient deficiency in deserts may be overstated.Consumption of primary production has varying effects on rates of resource availability in desert ecosystems. Generally weak regulation of primary production is predicted for consumers of green vegetation, except occasionally during early drought. Carnivores should exert variable controls over their prey, while pollinators, seed-eaters, and detritivores—most of which are strongly soil-associated—should have the greatest impacts on primary production and nutrient cycling.
TL;DR: In this article, the formation of Petrobras and the nationalisation of the IPC in Peru are discussed, as well as the nationalization of Gulf Oil in Bolivia 1969 14.
Abstract: List of tables Preface Glossary Abbreviations Note on currencies and other units of measurement Maps Introduction Part I. The World Oil Environment: 1. The corporate ascendancy 1890-1927 2. Retrenchment and concentration 1928-41 3. The making of the post-war oil world 1942-55 4. The major companies in retreat 1955-70 5. The oil market revolution and its consequences for Latin America 1971-9 6. Latin America in the twentieth-century oil system Part II. The Major Expropriations: 7. Politics and the concession contract 8. Argentina: YPF, Yrigoyen and the 1935 oil law 9. Some nationalisations of the 1930s: Chile, Uruguay, Bolivia 10. Cardenas and the Mexican oil nationalisation 11. The formation of Petrobras 12. The nationalisation of the IPC in Peru 13. The nationalisation of Gulf Oil in Bolivia 1969 14. Oil politics in Ecuador 1972-6 15. The nationalisation of oil in Venezuela 16. Oil companies and governments in twentieth-century Latin America Part I of Gulf Oil in Bolivia 1969 14. Oil politics in Ecuador 1972-6 15. The nationalisation of oil in Venezuela 16. Oil companies and governments in twentieth-century Latin America Part III. The State Oil Companies: 17. Pemex in Mexican politics 1938-79 18. The development of Petrobras: oil company to conglomerate? 19. YPF 1932-79: public enterprise or bureaucracy? 20. Petroperu 1968-80: achievements and hard lessons 21. YPFB and the development of oil in Bolivia 22. Petroven: the birth of a giant 23. State oil companies in Latin America 24. Concluding reflections Notes Bibliography Index.
TL;DR: R resonance Raman spectra of the oxy forms of cobalt–porphyrin-substituted myoglobin and haemoglobin recorded in buffered H2O and D2O solutions indicate that the bound oxygen in oxyCoMb and in both subunits of oxyCoHb interacts with the adjacent exchangeable proton, and confirms the formation of a hydrogen bond between the boundoxy and the distal histidine.
Abstract: The origin of the differences in oxygen binding energy in various haemoglobins and myoglobins has long been debated. Perutz1 proposed that the haem-coordinated histidine (proximal histidine) strains the haem iron in low affinity globins but relaxes it in high affinity globins. The existence of such tension in T-structure deoxyhaemoglobin (deoxyHb) was recently confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)2,3, resonance Raman4,5 and NMR6 spectroscopy. Although its contribution to the free energy of cooperativity is insignificant in the deoxy state, the tension at the haem is considered to be ∼1 kcal mol−1 for the ligated form in which the haem iron moves into the porphyrin plane7. The remaining free energy is probably stored in other parts of the molecule. Therefore, a study of the stabilization mechanisms of the oxygenated form became increasingly important. A hydrogen bond between the bound oxygen and the distal histidine has been proposed by Pauling8; this would be expected to stabilize the oxy form of the protein and could contribute to the regulation of the oxygen affinity through the oxygen dissociation rate. A series of EPR and functional studies on various cobalt-substituted monomeric haemoglobins and myoglobins suggested the presence of such hydrogen bonding8–12 and it has recently been established in crystals of oxy iron myoglobin (oxyFeMb)13 and in oxyhaemoglobin14. Here we present resonance Raman spectra of the oxy forms of cobalt–porphyrin-substituted myoglobin and haemoglobin (CoMb and CoHb) recorded in buffered H2O and D2O solutions at 406.7 nm excitation. Only the Raman lines corresponding to the O—O stretching mode of the bound oxygen15, appearing near 1,130 cm−1, are shifted (2–5 cm−1) on replacement of H2O by D2O; no other vibrations, including the Co—O2 stretching mode, exhibit any frequency shifts. This indicates that the bound oxygen in oxyCoMb and in both subunits of oxyCoHb interacts with the adjacent exchangeable proton, and confirms the formation of a hydrogen bond between the bound oxygen and the distal histidine9.
TL;DR: Three cases of toxic reactions following relatively small doses of phenylpropanolamine are presented, one patient had a hypertensive crisis and seizures; the others had intracerebral hemorrhages culminating in death.