University of New Mexico

About: University of New Mexico is a education organization based out in Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 28870 authors who have published 64767 publications receiving 2578371 citations. The organization is also known as: UNM & Universitatis Novus Mexico.

Mineralogy of a Mudstone at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars

Abstract: Sedimentary rocks at Yellowknife Bay (Gale crater) on Mars include mudstone sampled by the Curiosity rover. The samples, John Klein and Cumberland, contain detrital basaltic minerals, calcium sulfates, iron oxide or hydroxides, iron sulfides, amorphous material, and trioctahedral smectites. The John Klein smectite has basal spacing of similar to 10 angstroms, indicating little interlayer hydration. The Cumberland smectite has basal spacing at both similar to 13.2 and similar to 10 angstroms. The larger spacing suggests a partially chloritized interlayer or interlayer magnesium or calcium facilitating H2O retention. Basaltic minerals in the mudstone are similar to those in nearby eolian deposits. However, the mudstone has far less Fe-forsterite, possibly lost with formation of smectite plus magnetite. Late Noachian/Early Hesperian or younger age indicates that clay mineral formation on Mars extended beyond Noachian time.

Noble gases and volatile recycling at subduction zones

Abstract: Volatiles are lost from the Earth’s mantle to the atmosphere, hydrosphere and crust through a combination of subaerial and submarine volcanic and magmatic activity. These volatiles can be primordial in origin, trapped in the mantle since planetary accretion, produced in situ, or they may be recycled—re-injected into the mantle via material originally at the surface through the subduction process. Quantifying the absolute and relative contributions of these various volatile sources bears fundamental information on a number of issues in the Earth Sciences ranging from the evolution of the atmosphere and hydrosphere to the nature and scale of chemical heterogeneity in the Earth’s mantle. Noble gases have a pivotal role to play in addressing the volatile mass balance between the Earth’s interior and exterior reservoirs. The primordial isotope 3He provides an unambiguous measure of the juvenile volatile flux from the mantle (Craig et al. 1975). As such, it provides a means to calibrate other volatiles of geological and geochemical interest. A prime example is the CO2 flux at mid-ocean ridges (MOR): by combining estimates of the 3He flux at MOR with measurements of the CO2/3He ratio in oceanic basalts, Marty and Jambon (1987) derived an estimate of the CO2 flux from the (upper) mantle. The approach of using ratios (involving noble gas isotopes) has also been extended to island arcs. Marty et al. (1989) found significantly higher CO2/3He ratios in arc-related geothermal fluids than observed at mid-ocean ridges, consistent with addition of slab-derived CO2 to the mantle wedge. Sano and Williams (1996) scaled the CO2 flux to 3He, showing that the output of CO2 at subduction zones was comparable in magnitude to that at spreading ridges. Therefore, for CO2 at least, subduction zones also …

Meta-analysis: synthesizing research findings in ecology and evolution

Abstract: The growing number of empirical studies performed in ecology and evolution creates a need for quantitative summaries of research domains to generate higher-order conclusions about general trends and patterns. Recent developments In meta-analysis (the area of statistics that is designed for summarizing and analyzing multiple independent studies) have opened up new and exciting possibilities. Unlike more traditional qualitative and narrative reviews, meta-analysis allows powerful quantitative analyses of the magnitude of effects and has a high degree of objectivity because it is based on a standardized set of statistical procedures. The first pioneering applications in ecology and evolution demonstrate that meta-analysis is both tractable and powerful.

Catalytic combustion of methane over palladium-based catalysts

Abstract: Palladium-based catalysts are widely applied in exhaust catalytic converter and catalytic combustion systems. The mechanism for methane oxidation on a Pd-based catalyst is complex. Catalyst activity is influenced by variations in the process pressure and temperature, by the gas mixture composition, by the type of support and various additives, and by pretreatment under reducing or oxidizing atmospheres. In this paper, we review the literature on supported Pd catalysts for combustion of methane. The mechanisms involved are discussed taking into consideration the oxidation/reduction mechanisms for supported palladium, poisoning, restructuring, the form of oxygen on the surface, methane activation over Pd and PdO phases, and transient behavior. Our review helps explain the array of experimental results reported in the literature.

Childhood outcomes after hypothermia for neonatal encephalopathy.

Abstract: Background We previously reported early results of a randomized trial of whole-body hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy showing a significant reduction in the rate of death or moderate or severe disability at 18 to 22 months of age. Long-term outcomes are now available. Methods In the original trial, we assigned infants with moderate or severe encephalopathy to usual care (the control group) or whole-body cooling to an esophageal temperature of 33.5°C for 72 hours, followed by slow rewarming (the hypothermia group). We evaluated cognitive, attention and executive, and visuospatial function; neurologic outcomes; and physical and psychosocial health among participants at 6 to 7 years of age. The primary outcome of the present analyses was death or an IQ score below 70. Results Of the 208 trial participants, primary outcome data were available for 190. Of the 97 children in the hypothermia group and the 93 children in the control group, death or an IQ score below 70 occurred in 46 (47%) ...