University of New Mexico

About: University of New Mexico is a education organization based out in Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 28870 authors who have published 64767 publications receiving 2578371 citations. The organization is also known as: UNM & Universitatis Novus Mexico.

Noninvasive glucose monitoring in diabetic patients: a preliminary evaluation.

Abstract: Noninvasive monitoring of blood/tissue glucose concentrations has been successfully accomplished in individual diabetic subjects by using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with chemometric methods. Three different spectrometer configurations were tested: a) a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer with an indium antimonide detector; b) a grating monochromator equipped with a silicon (Si) array detector, without fiber optics; and c) a grating monochromator equipped with an Si detector, with fiber-optic sampling. NIR spectra were obtained from diabetic subjects by transmission through the finger during a meal-tolerance test. The maximum range of observed plasma glucose concentrations obtained from the blood samples was 2.5-27 mmol/L. The NIR spectra were processed by using the chemometric multivariate calibration methods of partial least squares and principal component regression. The best calibration yielded a cross-validated average absolute error in glucose concentration of 1.1 mmol/L. This predictive ability suggests that noninvasive glucose determinations by NIR/chemometrics is a viable analytical method.

Aerobic or Resistance Exercise, or Both, in Dieting Obese Older Adults

Abstract: BackgroundObesity causes frailty in older adults; however, weight loss might accelerate age-related loss of muscle and bone mass and resultant sarcopenia and osteopenia MethodsIn this clinical trial involving 160 obese older adults, we evaluated the effectiveness of several exercise modes in reversing frailty and preventing reduction in muscle and bone mass induced by weight loss Participants were randomly assigned to a weight-management program plus one of three exercise programs — aerobic training, resistance training, or combined aerobic and resistance training — or to a control group (no weight-management or exercise program) The primary outcome was the change in Physical Performance Test score from baseline to 6 months (scores range from 0 to 36 points; higher scores indicate better performance) Secondary outcomes included changes in other frailty measures, body composition, bone mineral density, and physical functions ResultsA total of 141 participants completed the study The Physical Performa

Choice of cancer therapy varies with age of patient.

Abstract: We used data on 22,899 cancer cases collected by the New Mexico Tumor Registry to examine the relationship between patient age and the use of potentially curative therapy for cancers of selected sites and acute leukemias. For cancers of most sites, either local or regional stage, the proportion of cases receiving potentially curative therapy declined with age. For local-stage cancers, the proportion not given any treatment increased with age. Overall mortality rates during the first year after diagnosis were much higher for local-stage cases without treatment than for those who received treatment. These data show that cancer therapy varies with age and suggest that decision making regarding therapy is influenced by the presence of other diseases. ( JAMA 1986;255:3385-3390)

Sparse, environmentally selective expression of Arc RNA in the upper blade of the rodent fascia dentata by brief spatial experience.

Abstract: After a spatial behavioral experience, hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells express the activity-regulated, immediate early gene Arc in an environment-specific manner, and in similar proportions ( 40%) to cells exhibiting electrophysiologically recorded place fields under similar conditions. Theoretical accounts of the function of the fascia dentata suggest that it plays a role in pattern separation during encoding. The hypothesis that the dentate gyrus (DG) uses a sparse, and thus more orthogonal, coding scheme has been supported by the observation that, while granule cells do exhibit place fields, most are silent in a given environment. To quantify the degree of sparsity of DG coding and its corresponding ability to generate distinct environmental representations, behaviorally induced Arc expression was assessed using in situ hybridization coupled with confocal microscopy. The proportion of Arc(+) cells in the "upper blade" of the fascia dentata (i.e., the portion that abuts CA1) increased in an environment-specific fashion, approximately 4-fold above cage-control activity, after behavioral exploration. Surprisingly, cells in the lower blade of the fascia dentata, which are capable of expressing Arc following electrical stimulation, exhibited virtually no behaviorally-induced Arc expression. This difference was confirmed using "line scan" analyses, which also revealed no patterns or gradients of activity along the upper blade of the DG. The expression of Arc in the upper blade was quantitatively similar after exploring familiar or novel environments. When animals explored two different environments, separated by 20 min, a new group of cells responded to the second environment, whereas two separated experiences in the same environment did not activate a new set of granular cells. Thus, granule cells generate distinct codes for different environments. These findings suggest differential contribution of upper and lower blade neurons to plastic networks and confirm the hypothesis that the DG uses sparse coding that may facilitate orthogonalization of information.