Institution
University of New South Wales
Education•Sydney, New South Wales, Australia•
About: University of New South Wales is a education organization based out in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 51197 authors who have published 153634 publications receiving 4880608 citations. The organization is also known as: UNSW & UNSW Australia.
Topics: Population, Poison control, Health care, Mental health, Silicon
Papers published on a yearly basis
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14 Jun 2009
TL;DR: This paper derives the analytical formula for the expected mutual information value between a pair of clusterings, and proposes the adjusted version for several popular information theoretic based measures.
Abstract: Information theoretic based measures form a fundamental class of similarity measures for comparing clusterings, beside the class of pair-counting based and set-matching based measures. In this paper, we discuss the necessity of correction for chance for information theoretic based measures for clusterings comparison. We observe that the baseline for such measures, i.e. average value between random partitions of a data set, does not take on a constant value, and tends to have larger variation when the ratio between the number of data points and the number of clusters is small. This effect is similar in some other non-information theoretic based measures such as the well-known Rand Index. Assuming a hypergeometric model of randomness, we derive the analytical formula for the expected mutual information value between a pair of clusterings, and then propose the adjusted version for several popular information theoretic based measures. Some examples are given to demonstrate the need and usefulness of the adjusted measures.
748 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a commonly used biochemically based photosynthesis model was parameterized from 19 gas exchange studies on tree and crop species, which described the shape and amplitude of the temperature responses of the maximum rate of Rubisco activity (V cmax) and the potential rate of electron transport (J max ).
Abstract: The temperature dependence of C 3 photosynthesis is known to vary with growth environment and with species In an attempt to quantify this variability, a commonly used biochemically based photosynthesis model was parameterized from 19 gas exchange studies on tree and crop species The parameter values obtained described the shape and amplitude of the temperature responses of the maximum rate of Rubisco activity ( V cmax ) and the potential rate of electron transport ( J max ) Original data sets were used for this review, as it is shown that derived values of V cmax and its temperature response depend strongly on assumptions made in derivation Values of J max and V cmax at 25 ° C varied considerably among species but were strongly correlated, with an average J max : V cmax ratio of 1·67 Two species grown in cold climates, however, had lower ratios In all studies, the J max : V cmax ratio declined strongly with measurement temperature The relative temperature responses of J max and V cmax were relatively constant among tree species Activation energies averaged 50 kJ mol − 1 for J max and 65 kJ mol − − − 1 for V cmax , and for most species temperature optima averaged 33 ° ° ° C for J max and 40 ° C for V cmax However, the cold climate tree species had low temperature optima for both J max ( 19 ° C) and V cmax (29 ° ° ° C), suggesting acclimation of both processes to growth temperature Crop species had somewhat different temperature responses, with higher activation energies for both J max and V cmax , implying narrower peaks in the temperature response for these species The results thus suggest that both growth environment and
748 citations
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TL;DR: It is concluded that Mg(2+) supplementation of bioceramic substrata may be a promising way to improve integration of implants in orthopaedic and dental surgery.
Abstract: Poor cell adhesion to orthopaedic and dental implants may result in implant failure. Cellular adhesion to biomaterial surfaces primarily is mediated by integrins, which act as signal transduction and adhesion proteins. Because integrin function depends on divalent cations, we investigated the effect of magnesium ions modified bioceramic substrata (Al(2)O(3)-Mg(2+)) on human bone-derived cell (HBDC) adhesion, integrin expression, and activation of intracellular signalling molecules. Immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, cell adhesion, cell adhesion blocking, and Western blotting assays were used. Our findings demonstrated that adhesion of HBDC to Al(2)O(3)-Mg(2+) was increased compared to on the Mg(2+)-free Al(2)O(3). Furthermore, HBDC adhesion decreased significantly when the fibronectin receptor alpha5beta1- and beta1-integrins were blocked by functional blocking antibodies. HBDC grown on the Mg(2+)-modified bioceramic expressed significantly enhanced levels of beta1-, alpha5beta1-, and alpha3beta1-integrins receptors compared to those grown on the native unmodified Al(2)O(3). Tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular integrin-dependent signalling proteins as well as the expression of key signalling protein Shc isoforms (p46, p52, p66), focal adhesion kinase, and extracellular matrix protein collagen type I were significantly enhanced when HBDC were grown on Al(2)O(3)-Mg(2+) compared to the native Al(2)O(3). We conclude that cell adhesion to biomaterial surfaces is probably mediated by alpha5beta1- and beta1-integrin. Cation-promoted cell adhesion depends on 5beta1- and beta1-integrins associated signal transduction pathways involving the key signalling protein Shc and results also in enhanced gene expression of extracellular matrix proteins. Therefore, Mg(2+) supplementation of bioceramic substrata may be a promising way to improve integration of implants in orthopaedic and dental surgery.
747 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the equivalent width of the Hα emission line for 11 0006 galaxies brighter than M −−19 (Ω_Λ = 0.7, Ω_m = 0.3, H_0 = 70 km s−1) Mpc^(−1)) at 0.05 < z < 0.1 in the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey.
Abstract: We have measured the equivalent width of the Hα emission line for 11 006 galaxies brighter than M_b-=-−19 (Ω_Λ = 0.7, Ω_m = 0.3, H_0 = 70 km s^(−1) Mpc^(−1)) at 0.05 < z < 0.1 in the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS), in the fields of 17 known galaxy clusters. The limited redshift range ensures that our results are insensitive to aperture bias, and to residuals from night sky emission lines. We use these measurements to trace μ*, the star formation rate normalized to L*, as a function of distance from the cluster centre, and local projected galaxy density. We find that the distribution of μ* steadily skews toward larger values with increasing distance from the cluster centre, converging to the field distribution at distances greater than ∼3 times the virial radius. A correlation between star formation rate and local projected density is also found, which is independent of cluster velocity dispersion and disappears at projected densities below ∼1 galaxy Mpc^(−2) (brighter than M_b = −19). This characteristic scale corresponds approximately to the mean density at the cluster virial radius. The same correlation holds for galaxies more than two virial radii from the cluster centre. We conclude that environmental influences on galaxy properties are not restricted to cluster cores, but are effective in all groups where the density exceeds this critical value. The present-day abundance of such systems, and the strong evolution of this abundance, makes it likely that hierarchical growth of structure plays a significant role in decreasing the global average star formation rate. Finally, the low star formation rates well beyond the virialized cluster rule out severe physical processes, such as ram pressure stripping of disc gas, as being completely responsible for the variations in galaxy properties with environment.
747 citations
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TL;DR: Modelling of mutations in mouse lower rhombic lip progenitors that generate WNT-subgroup tumours identified genes that maintain this cell lineage (DDX3X), as well as mutated genes that initiate (CDH1) or cooperate (PIK3CA) in tumorigenesis.
Abstract: Medulloblastoma is a malignant childhood brain tumour comprising four discrete subgroups. Here, to identify mutations that drive medulloblastoma, we sequenced the entire genomes of 37 tumours and matched normal blood. One-hundred and thirty-six genes harbouring somatic mutations in this discovery set were sequenced in an additional 56 medulloblastomas. Recurrent mutations were detected in 41 genes not yet implicated in medulloblastoma; several target distinct components of the epigenetic machinery in different disease subgroups, such as regulators of H3K27 and H3K4 trimethylation in subgroups 3 and 4 (for example, KDM6A and ZMYM3), and CTNNB1-associated chromatin re-modellers in WNT-subgroup tumours (for example, SMARCA4 and CREBBP). Modelling of mutations in mouse lower rhombic lip progenitors that generate WNT-subgroup tumours identified genes that maintain this cell lineage (DDX3X), as well as mutated genes that initiate (CDH1) or cooperate (PIK3CA) in tumorigenesis. These data provide important new insights into the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma subgroups and highlight targets for therapeutic development.
744 citations
Authors
Showing all 51897 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Ronald C. Kessler | 274 | 1332 | 328983 |
Nicholas G. Martin | 192 | 1770 | 161952 |
John C. Morris | 183 | 1441 | 168413 |
Richard S. Ellis | 169 | 882 | 136011 |
Ian J. Deary | 166 | 1795 | 114161 |
Nicholas J. Talley | 158 | 1571 | 90197 |
Wolfgang Wagner | 156 | 2342 | 123391 |
Bruce D. Walker | 155 | 779 | 86020 |
Xiang Zhang | 154 | 1733 | 117576 |
Ian Smail | 151 | 895 | 83777 |
Rui Zhang | 151 | 2625 | 107917 |
Marvin Johnson | 149 | 1827 | 119520 |
John R. Hodges | 149 | 812 | 82709 |
Amartya Sen | 149 | 689 | 141907 |
J. Fraser Stoddart | 147 | 1239 | 96083 |