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Institution

University of New South Wales

EducationSydney, New South Wales, Australia
About: University of New South Wales is a education organization based out in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 51197 authors who have published 153634 publications receiving 4880608 citations. The organization is also known as: UNSW & UNSW Australia.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper investigated the relationship between levels of learner knowledge in a domain and levels of instructional guidance and found that inexperienced trainees benefited most from the worked examples condition, with this group performing better with lower ratings of mental load than similar trainees who solved problems.
Abstract: Interactions between levels of learner knowledge in a domain and levels of instructional guidance were investigated. Inexperienced mechanical trade apprentices were presented with either a series of worked examples to study or problems to solve. On subsequent tests, inexperienced trainees benefited most from the worked examples condition, with this group performing better with lower ratings of mental load than similar trainees who solved problems. With more experience in the domain, worked examples became redundant and problem solving proved superior. It is suggested that the relative effectiveness of either worked examples or problem solving depends heavily on levels of learner knowledge.

512 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Inhibition of WAT browning represents a promising approach to ameliorate cachexia in cancer patients and is shown to reduce the severity of cachexia.

512 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the distribution of leisure time between the genders is investigated using indicators of the quantity and quality of leisure drawn from the Multinational Time Budget Data Archive and the Australian Time Use Survey.
Abstract: The distribution of leisure time between the genders is contested. Becker's theory of specialization suggests that there is an underlying gender equity in leisure, while the competing view suggests that women are now bearing a "dual burden" as both family providers and family carers. Using indicators of the quantity and quality of leisure drawn from the Multinational Time Budget Data Archive and the Australian Time Use Survey, we find some support for both views. Although men and women have similar quantities of free time; when the character of leisure is considered the gap between genders reemerges.

512 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There was some consistency for mothers and fathers in the variables that predict their postpartum adjustment, these being antenatal mood and partner relationship, but there was also evidence that adjustment to parenthood was related to different variables at different times.

512 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results are promising for the long-term population-level effects of HPV vaccination programmes, however, continued monitoring is essential to identify any signals of potential waning efficacy or type-replacement.
Abstract: Summary Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programmes were first implemented in several countries worldwide in 2007. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the population-level consequences and herd effects after female HPV vaccination programmes, to verify whether or not the high efficacy reported in randomised controlled clinical trials are materialising in real-world situations. Methods We searched the Medline and Embase databases (between Jan 1, 2007 and Feb 28, 2014) and conference abstracts for time-trend studies that analysed changes, between the pre-vaccination and post-vaccination periods, in the incidence or prevalence of at least one HPV-related endpoint: HPV infection, anogenital warts, and high-grade cervical lesions. We used random-effects models to derive pooled relative risk (RR) estimates. We stratified all analyses by age and sex. We did subgroup analyses by comparing studies according to vaccine type, vaccination coverage, and years since implementation of the vaccination programme. We assessed heterogeneity across studies using I 2 and χ 2 statistics and we did trends analysis to examine the dose–response association between HPV vaccination coverage and each study effect measure. Findings We identified 20 eligible studies, which were all undertaken in nine high-income countries and represent more than 140 million person-years of follow-up. In countries with female vaccination coverage of at least 50%, HPV type 16 and 18 infections decreased significantly between the pre-vaccination and post-vaccination periods by 68% (RR 0·32, 95% CI 0·19–0·52) and anogenital warts decreased significantly by 61% (0·39, 0·22–0·71) in girls 13–19 years of age. Significant reductions were also recorded in HPV types 31, 33, and 45 in this age group of girls (RR 0·72, 95% CI 0·54–0·96), which suggests cross-protection. Additionally, significant reductions in anogenital warts were also reported in boys younger than 20 years of age (0·66 [95% CI 0·47–0·91]) and in women 20–39 years of age (0·68 [95% CI 0·51–0·89]), which suggests herd effects. In countries with female vaccination coverage lower than 50%, significant reductions in HPV types 16 and 18 infection (RR 0·50, 95% CI 0·34–0·74]) and in anogenital warts (0·86 [95% CI 0·79–0·94]) occurred in girls younger than 20 years of age, with no indication of cross-protection or herd effects. Interpretation Our results are promising for the long-term population-level effects of HPV vaccination programmes. However, continued monitoring is essential to identify any signals of potential waning efficacy or type-replacement. Funding The Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

511 citations


Authors

Showing all 51897 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Ronald C. Kessler2741332328983
Nicholas G. Martin1921770161952
John C. Morris1831441168413
Richard S. Ellis169882136011
Ian J. Deary1661795114161
Nicholas J. Talley158157190197
Wolfgang Wagner1562342123391
Bruce D. Walker15577986020
Xiang Zhang1541733117576
Ian Smail15189583777
Rui Zhang1512625107917
Marvin Johnson1491827119520
John R. Hodges14981282709
Amartya Sen149689141907
J. Fraser Stoddart147123996083
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023389
20221,183
202111,342
202011,235
20199,891
20189,145