University of Nigeria, Nsukka

About: University of Nigeria, Nsukka is a education organization based out in Nsukka, Nigeria. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 10211 authors who have published 13685 publications receiving 138922 citations.

Dermatophytes and dermatophytosis in the eastern and southern parts of Africa.

Abstract: Dermatophytosis is currently a disease of global importance and a public health burden. It is caused by dermatophytes, which attack and grow on dead animal keratin. Dermatophytes belong to three genera, namely, Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton. The predominant clinical forms and causative agents vary from one region of the world to another. Poor socioeconomic status, high population densities, and poor sanitary conditions are some of the factors responsible for the high prevalence of dermatophytosis in many developing countries, which include countries in southern and eastern Africa, the focus of this review. To the best of our knowledge, there is currently no review article on published findings on dermatophytosis in the eastern and southern parts of Africa. This information will be of interest to the medical and research community since the world has become a global village. This review covers published research findings in eastern and southern regions of Africa until this date. The countries covered in the current review include Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania, South Africa, Mozambique, Madagascar, Malawi, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Botswana. T. violaceum is the most common human etiological agent in all the countries under review with prevalence ranging from 56.7% to 95%, except for Madagascar (M. langeronii, reclassified as M. audouinii), Uganda (M. gypseum) and Malawi (M. audouinii). Tinea capitis was the most clinical type, followed by tinea corporis. Etiological agents of animal dermatophytoses were variable in the countries where they were reported. Major risk factors for dermatophytoses are age, climatic, and socioeconomic factors.

Maternal mortality at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, before and after Kenya.

Abstract: A comparative retrospective analysis of maternal deaths at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, was carried out for two ten-year periods ? 1976-1985 and 1991-2000 ? in order to evaluate the effect of Safe Motherhood Initiative on maternal mortality in the hospital. Variables for the two periods were compared by means of the t-test at 95% confidence level. Maternal mortality ratio was significantly higher in Period II than in Period I (1406 versus 270 per 100,000; p = 0.00). The leading causes of maternal death were uterine rupture for Period I and septicaemia for Period II. Although from the first to the second ten-year period there was a significant decrease in the number of midwives, physicians and nurse anaesthetists, there was more than a proportionate decrease in the number of deliveries. There was also increase in the incidence of anaemia due to diminished standards of living and in the mean decision-intervention interval (1.5 ± 0.5 versus 5.8 ± 1.2 hours; p = 0.000) as a result of worker dissatisfaction and changes in hospital policies. We conclude that since the launching of the Safe Motherhood Initiative, MMR at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, has increased five-fold as a result of institutional delays and a deterioration in the living standards of Nigerians, both consequences of a depressed economy. To halt this trend, we recommend that the living standard of all Nigerians should be improved. Furthermore, healthcare personnel should be motivated through enhanced salaries and provision of working materials including efficient mobile telephone services. (Afr J Reprod Health 2001; 5[2]: 90-97) RESUME Mortalite matrenelle au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire a Enugu, Nigeria: Avant et apres le Kenya. Une analyse retrospective comparee des deces maternels au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire a Enugu au Nigeria a ete faite au cours de deux periodes de dix ans chacune, 1976-1985 et 1991-2000. Le but de l'analyse etait d'evaluer l'effet de la Safe Motherhood Initiative sur la mortalite maternelle dans l'hopital. Des variables pour les deux periodes ont ete comprares a l'aide du test de t a un niveau de confiance de 95%. Le rapport de mortalite maternelle etait, de maniere significative, plus eleve dans la periode II que dans la Periode I (1406 par opposition a 270 par 100,000, p = 0,00). Les causes principales du deces maternel etaient la rupture de l'uterine pour la Periode I et la septicemie pour la Periode II. Bien que depuis la premiere jusqu'a la deuxieme periode de dix ans il y ait une baisse significative dans le nombre de sages-femmes, de medecins et d'infirmieres anesthesistes, il y avait plus qu'une baisse proportionnelle dans le nombre d'accouchements. Il y avait egalement une augmentation de l'incidence d'anemie a cause du niveau de vie baisse et dans l'espace de la moyenne decision-intervention (1,5 ± 0,5 par opposition a 5,8 ± 1,2 heures; p = 0,000) a cause du mecontentement chez les salaries et des changements dans la politique de l'hopital. Nous concluons que depuis qu'on a lance la Safe Motherhood Initiative, le taux de mortalite maternelle a augmente cinq fois au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire a Enugu, Nigeria, a cause des delais institutionnels et a cause de la deterioration du niveau de vie des Nigerians, deux consequences d'une economie en declin. Pour mettre fin a cette tendance, nous recommandons que le niveau de vie de tous les Nigerians soit ameliore. En plus, les membres du personnel du service de sante doivent etre motives a travers les salaires augmente et en mettant a la disposition des membres du personnel tous les materiels du travail y compris les services du telephone portable. (Rev Afr Sante Reprod 2001; 5[2]: 90-97 ) KEY WORDS : Increasing, maternal mortality ratio, Enugu, Nigeria, Kenya

Bioactive Compounds Effective Against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

Abstract: BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (adult onset diabetes) is the most common type of diabetes, accounting for around 90% of all diabetes cases with insulin resistance and insulin secretion defect. The key goal of anti-diabetic therapy is to increase the development of insulin, immunity and/or decrease the amount of blood glucose. While many synthetic compounds have been produced as antidiabetic agents, due to their side effects and limited effectiveness, their usefulness has been hindered. METHODS This systematic review investigated the bioactive compounds reported to possess activities against type 2 diabetes. Three (3) databases, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar were searched for research articles published between January 2010 and October 2020. A total of 6464 articles were identified out of which 84 articles were identified to be elligible for the study. RESULT AND DISCUSSION From the data extracted, it was found that quercetin, Kaempferol, Rosmarinic acid, Cyanidin, Rutin, Catechin, Luteolin and Ellagic acid were the most cited bioactive compounds which all falls within the class of polyphenolic compounds. The major sources of these bioactive compounds includes citrus fruits, grapes, onions, berries, cherries, broccoli, honey, apples, green tea, Ginkgo biloba, St. John's wort, green beans, cucumber, spinach, tea, Rosmarinus officinalis, Aloe vera, Moringa oleifera, tomatoes, potatoes, oregano, lemon balm, thyme, peppermint, Ocimum basilicum, red cabbage, pears, olive oil and walnut.