Showing papers by "University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill published in 2022"
TL;DR: The Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) as mentioned in this paper is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study recruiting adults (aged ≥18 years) discharged from hospital with COVID19 across the UK.
118 citations
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation1, University of Notre Dame2, University of Melbourne3, University of Barcelona4, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge5, Queensland Health6, University of Queensland7, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill8, University of South Australia9, Michigan State University10, University of Health Sciences Antigua11, Vienna University of Technology12, Southern Nevada Water Authority13, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project14, Drexel University15, Arizona State University16, National Environment Agency17, University of South Florida18, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh19, University of New South Wales20, Stellenbosch University21, Hokkaido University22, United States Environmental Protection Agency23, Istituto Superiore di Sanità24, University of Georgia25, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee26, University College Dublin27, University of Guelph28, University of California, Merced29, Griffith University30, University of Helsinki31, National Institute for Health and Welfare32, National University of Salta33, Spanish National Research Council34, Tulane University35, Chulabhorn Research Institute36, National University of Singapore37, Tohoku University38, Nanyang Technological University39, University of Minnesota40
TL;DR: A technical review of factors that can lead to false-positive and -negative errors in the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2, culminating in recommendations and strategies that can be implemented to identify and mitigate these errors.
116 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the Unified Focal Loss (UFL) is proposed to handle class imbalance in medical image segmentation. But the proposed loss function is not robust to class imbalance and consistently outperforms the other loss functions.
93 citations
TL;DR: A novel personalized diagnosis technique is proposed for early Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis via coupling interpretable feature learning with dynamic graph learning into the GCN architecture and outputs competitive diagnosis performance as well as provide interpretability for personalized disease diagnosis.
63 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors developed XGBoost machine learning models to identify potential patients with long co-virus infection, which is characterized by evolving, heterogeneous symptoms, making it challenging to derive an unambiguous definition.
53 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the role of PFAS in breast, thyroid, and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function is discussed as the interplay between these tissues may be critical in understanding the long-term reproductive health effects in women.
51 citations
TL;DR: In the last decade, a rapid development was observed including quantitative risk assessment of slope failure, improving computational efficiency, and directly using site investigation and field monitoring data as discussed by the authors, and a review tries to summarize these advances in the hope that future directions can be identified.
41 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors review evidence that independent drug action, described in 1961, explains the efficacy of many practice-changing combination therapies: it provides populations of patients with heterogeneous drug sensitivities multiple chances of benefit from at least one drug.
Abstract: Abstract Combination therapies are superior to monotherapy for many cancers. This advantage was historically ascribed to the ability of combinations to address tumor heterogeneity, but synergistic interaction is now a common explanation as well as a design criterion for new combinations. We review evidence that independent drug action, described in 1961, explains the efficacy of many practice-changing combination therapies: it provides populations of patients with heterogeneous drug sensitivities multiple chances of benefit from at least one drug. Understanding response heterogeneity could reveal predictive or pharmacodynamic biomarkers for more precise use of existing drugs and realize the benefits of additivity or synergy. Significance: The model of independent drug action represents an effective means to predict the magnitude of benefit likely to be observed in new clinical trials for combination therapies. The “bet-hedging” strategy implicit in independent action suggests that individual patients often benefit from only a subset—sometimes one—of the drugs in a combination. Personalized, targeted combination therapy, consisting of agents likely to be active in a particular patient, will increase, perhaps substantially, the magnitude of therapeutic benefit. Precision approaches of this type will require a better understanding of variability in drug response and new biomarkers, which will entail preclinical research on diverse panels of cancer models rather than studying drug synergy in unusually sensitive models.
41 citations
TL;DR: In this article , single-cell transcriptomics covering the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and ascending, transverse, and descending colon from 3 human beings is presented.
Abstract: Single-cell transcriptomics offer unprecedented resolution of tissue function at the cellular level, yet studies analyzing healthy adult human small intestine and colon are sparse. Here, we present single-cell transcriptomics covering the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and ascending, transverse, and descending colon from 3 human beings.A total of 12,590 single epithelial cells from 3 independently processed organ donors were evaluated for organ-specific lineage biomarkers, differentially regulated genes, receptors, and drug targets. Analyses focused on intrinsic cell properties and their capacity for response to extrinsic signals along the gut axis across different human beings.Cells were assigned to 25 epithelial lineage clusters. Multiple accepted intestinal stem cell markers do not specifically mark all human intestinal stem cells. Lysozyme expression is not unique to human Paneth cells, and Paneth cells lack expression of expected niche factors. Bestrophin 4 (BEST4)+ cells express Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and show maturational differences between the small intestine and colon. Tuft cells possess a broad ability to interact with the innate and adaptive immune systems through previously unreported receptors. Some classes of mucins, hormones, cell junctions, and nutrient absorption genes show unappreciated regional expression differences across lineages. The differential expression of receptors and drug targets across lineages show biological variation and the potential for variegated responses.Our study identifies novel lineage marker genes, covers regional differences, shows important differences between mouse and human gut epithelium, and reveals insight into how the epithelium responds to the environment and drugs. This comprehensive cell atlas of the healthy adult human intestinal epithelium resolves likely functional differences across anatomic regions along the gastrointestinal tract and advances our understanding of human intestinal physiology.
41 citations
TL;DR: In the last decade, a rapid development was observed including quantitative risk assessment of slope failure, improving computational efficiency, and directly using site investigation and field monitoring data as discussed by the authors , and a review tries to summarize these advances in the hope that future directions can be identified.
41 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the prevalence of anxiety, depression and PTSD symptoms among a large-scale sample of adolescents from China after the pandemic and lockdown, and found that negative family relationships, COVID-19 related exposure, and a lack of social support were the major risk factors for the post-pandemic mental health outcomes of adolescents.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the prevalence of anxiety, depression and PTSD symptoms among a large-scale sample of adolescents from China after the pandemic and lockdown, and found that negative family relationships, COVID-19 related exposure, and a lack of social support were the major risk factors for the post-pandemic mental health outcomes.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed hospital visitor restriction policies for consistency and to develop recommendations to highlight fair and transparent restrictions, exceptions, and appeals in policy development and implementation, and provided five recommendations for hospitals revising or creating such policies, including that offering transparent, accessible, publicfacing policies can minimize ethical dilemmas.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals have developed visitor restriction policies in order to mitigate spread of infection. We reviewed hospital visitor restriction policies for consistency and to develop recommendations to highlight fair and transparent restrictions, exceptions, and appeals in policy development and implementation. DESIGN: Collection and analysis of public-facing visitor restriction policies during the first 3 months of the pandemic. SETTING: General acute care hospitals representing 23 states across all 4 major regions of the United States. PARTICIPANTS: A cohort of the 70 largest hospitals by total bed capacity. MEASUREMENTS: Characteristics of visitor restriction policies including general visitor restriction statement, changes/updates to policies over time, exceptions to policies, and restrictions specific to COVID-19-positive patients. RESULTS: Sixty-five of the 70 hospitals reviewed had public-facing visitor restriction policies. Forty-nine of these 65 policies had general "no-visitor" statements, whereas 16 allowed at least 1 visitor to accompany all patients. Sixty-three of 65 hospitals included exceptions to their visitor restriction policies. Setting-specific exceptions included pediatrics, obstetrics/gynecology, emergency department, behavioral health, inpatient rehabilitation, surgery, and outpatient clinics. Exceptions that applied across settings included patients at end of life and patients with disabilities. CONCLUSION: Visitor restriction policies varied significantly among hospitals in this review. These variances create challenges in that their fair application may be problematic and ethical issues related to allocation may arise. Five recommendations are offered for hospitals revising or creating such policies, including that offering transparent, accessible, public-facing policies can minimize ethical dilemmas. In addition, hospitals would benefit from communicating with each other in the development of visitor policies to ensure uniformity and support patients and family members as they navigate hospital visitation.
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed spatial and temporal characterization of China's wind and solar energy resource potential is provided, which is necessary to identify pathways to achieve a deep decarbonization of its electric power system as this nation pursues carbon neutrality by 2060.
United States Army Research Laboratory1, University of Maryland, College Park2, University of Texas at El Paso3, University of California, Los Angeles4, Cornell University5, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill6, University of Michigan7, Microsoft8, University of Rochester9, Boise State University10, University of Maryland, Baltimore County11, University of Texas at Austin12, University of Sheffield13, University of Washington14, Mount Holyoke College15, Carnegie Mellon University16, Tufts University17, Adobe Systems18, Brown University19, Institute for Creative Technologies20, University of California, Davis21
TL;DR: This article identifies key scientific and engineering advances needed to enable effective spoken language interaction with robotics, and makes 25 recommendations, involving eight general themes: putting human needs first, better modeling the social and interactive aspects of language, improving robustness, creating new methods for rapid adaptation, and improving research infrastructure and resources.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill1, University of Nantes2, Ohio State University3, University of Connecticut4, McGill University5, University of Houston6, Indiana University7, Brookhaven National Laboratory8, Stony Brook University9, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory10, University of Illinois at Chicago11, North Carolina State University12, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign13, University of Washington14, University of Wuppertal15, Michigan State University16, Massachusetts Institute of Technology17, Wayne State University18, University of Minnesota19, University of Chicago20, University of California, Los Angeles21, Chinese Academy of Sciences22
TL;DR: The Beam Energy Scan Theory (BEST) Collaboration was formed with the goal of providing a theoretical framework for analyzing data from the BES program at the relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory as mentioned in this paper.
TL;DR: Assisted living (AL) has existed in the United States for decades, evolving in response to older adults' need for supportive care and distaste for nursing homes and older models of congregate care as mentioned in this paper .
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe how, since the spread of tobacco from the Americas hundreds of years ago, tobacco cigarettes and, more recently, alternative tobacco products have become global products of nicotine addiction.
Abstract: Since the spread of tobacco from the Americas hundreds of years ago, tobacco cigarettes and, more recently, alternative tobacco products have become global products of nicotine addiction. Within th...
TL;DR: In this article , three natural polysaccharides (FMP-1, FMP-2, and FP-3) were obtained from Flos Magnoliae (FM, Xinyi in Chinese) using an efficient and green technique (hot-compressed water) for extraction and purified by DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-150.
TL;DR: In this article, three natural polysaccharides (FMP-1, FMP-2, and FP-3) were obtained from Flos Magnoliae (FM, Xinyi in Chinese) using an efficient and green technique (hot-compressed water) for extraction and purified by DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-150.
TL;DR: In this paper, a self-assembled berberine-cinnamic acid nanoparticles (BC NPs) were incorporated into the film matrixes to improve the UV-shielding property, hydrophobicity, and thermal stability of packaging.
TL;DR: In this article , an implantable multifunctional alginate scaffold for T cell engineering and release (MASTER) is presented. But the scaffolds are not suitable for the use in CAR-T cell therapy.
Abstract: Despite their clinical success, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies for B cell malignancies are limited by lengthy, costly and labor-intensive ex vivo manufacturing procedures that might lead to cell products with heterogeneous composition. Here we describe an implantable Multifunctional Alginate Scaffold for T Cell Engineering and Release (MASTER) that streamlines in vivo CAR-T cell manufacturing and reduces processing time to a single day. When seeded with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CD19-encoding retroviral particles, MASTER provides the appropriate interface for viral vector-mediated gene transfer and, after subcutaneous implantation, mediates the release of functional CAR-T cells in mice. We further demonstrate that in vivo-generated CAR-T cells enter the bloodstream and control distal tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model of lymphoma, showing greater persistence than conventional CAR-T cells. MASTER promises to transform CAR-T cell therapy by fast-tracking manufacture and potentially reducing the complexity and resources needed for provision of this type of therapy. Implantable scaffolds rapidly generate and release anti-tumor CAR-T cells in mice.
TL;DR: In this article , a hybrid electrochemical deposition strategy (HED) was used to obtain a low response time of 2 s, an excellent sensitivity of 1704.1 μA mM−1 cm−2, and a low limit of detection of 0.075 μM (S/N = 3).
TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid electrochemical deposition strategy (HED) was proposed for nitrite detection using Co3O4 nanoflowers coupled with ultrafine MoO3 nanoparticles, which achieved a low response time of 2 s, an excellent sensitivity of 1704.1 μA mM−1 cm−2, and a low limit of detection of 0.075μM (S/N = 3).
TL;DR: In this article , a three-dimensional bifunctional network of hyperbranched poly(amidoxime-ethyleneimine) (PAO-h-PEI) using PEI as the skeleton material via cyanoethylation, crosslinking and then amidoximation was reported.
TL;DR: In this paper, a metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived hybrid nanozymes antibacterial strategy for enhanced nanozyme-photothermal therapy (NPT) was proposed, which can not only prevent the aggregation of platinum nano-zymes and effectively reduce the mass transfer resistance during the kinetic reaction, but also inhibit the photoelectron-hole recombination in the process of photothermal therapy.
Abstract: In recent years, nanozyme-photothermal therapy (NPT) has attracted enormous interests owing to their enhanced therapeutic effects and less adverse effects in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, the development of nanozyme-photothermal agents (NPAs) that can rapidly, efficiently and synergistically combating pathogenic bacteria remains a huge challenge due to the limitation of size effect. Herein, by decorating platinum nanozymes on Zn-based photosensitizer, we report a novel metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived hybrid nanozymes antibacterial strategy for enhanced NPT. This strategy can not only prevent the aggregation of platinum nanozymes and effectively reduce the mass transfer resistance during the kinetic reaction, but also inhibit the photoelectron-hole recombination in the process of photothermal therapy (PTT) and improve the photothermal conversion performance. In the presence of a low concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the superior nanocatalytic activity of the MOF-derived hybrid nanozymes can effectively catalyze the release of H2O2 to generate toxic hydroxyl radical (•OH), resulting in the increase of bacterial membrane permeability and thermal sensitivity. Once the near-infrared laser is introduced, the nanozyme-photothermal antibacterial platform can play the role of “nanoknife” to further induce the death of the damaged bacteria by physical cutting. In vitro and vivo in antibacterial assays confirm that the MOF-derived hybrid nanozymes have excellent antibacterial properties, which can serve as an antibacterial candidate with negligible adverse effect. Therefore, this work will open a new avenue for MOF-derived hybrid nanozymes in biomedical application.
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this article , a metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived hybrid nanozymes antibacterial strategy for enhanced nano-zyme-photothermal therapy (NPT) was reported, which can not only prevent the aggregation of platinum nano-zymes and effectively reduce the mass transfer resistance during the kinetic reaction, but also inhibit the photoelectron-hole recombination in the process of photothermal therapy.
Abstract: In recent years, nanozyme-photothermal therapy (NPT) has attracted enormous interests owing to their enhanced therapeutic effects and less adverse effects in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, the development of nanozyme-photothermal agents (NPAs) that can rapidly, efficiently and synergistically combating pathogenic bacteria remains a huge challenge due to the limitation of size effect. Herein, by decorating platinum nanozymes on Zn-based photosensitizer, we report a novel metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived hybrid nanozymes antibacterial strategy for enhanced NPT. This strategy can not only prevent the aggregation of platinum nanozymes and effectively reduce the mass transfer resistance during the kinetic reaction, but also inhibit the photoelectron-hole recombination in the process of photothermal therapy (PTT) and improve the photothermal conversion performance. In the presence of a low concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the superior nanocatalytic activity of the MOF-derived hybrid nanozymes can effectively catalyze the release of H2O2 to generate toxic hydroxyl radical (•OH), resulting in the increase of bacterial membrane permeability and thermal sensitivity. Once the near-infrared laser is introduced, the nanozyme-photothermal antibacterial platform can play the role of “nanoknife” to further induce the death of the damaged bacteria by physical cutting. In vitro and vivo in antibacterial assays confirm that the MOF-derived hybrid nanozymes have excellent antibacterial properties, which can serve as an antibacterial candidate with negligible adverse effect. Therefore, this work will open a new avenue for MOF-derived hybrid nanozymes in biomedical application.
TL;DR: In this article , a simple and efficient method for the synthesis of pyrazoles through a silicotungstic acid (H4SiW12O40)-catalyzed cyclization of epoxides/aldehydes and sulfonyl hydrazides has been developed.
TL;DR: Duley et al. as mentioned in this paper presented a rapid-autopsy case of a patient who had a KRASG12C-mutant lung adenocarcinoma who initially responded to a K-means inhibitor but then rapidly developed resistance.
Abstract: BACKGROUNDThe KRAS proto-oncogene is among the most frequently mutated genes in cancer, yet for 40 years it remained an elusive therapeutic target. Recently, allosteric inhibitors that covalently bind to KRAS G12C mutations have been approved for use in lung adenocarcinomas. Although responses are observed, they are often short-lived, thus making in-depth characterization of the mechanisms of resistance of paramount importance.METHODSHere, we present a rapid-autopsy case of a patient who had a KRASG12C-mutant lung adenocarcinoma who initially responded to a KRAS G12C inhibitor but then rapidly developed resistance. Using deep-RNA and whole-exome sequencing comparing pretreatment, posttreatment, and matched normal tissues, we uncover numerous mechanisms of resistance to direct KRAS inhibition.RESULTSIn addition to decreased KRAS G12C-mutant allele frequency in refractory tumors, we also found reactivation of the MAPK pathway despite no new mutations in KRAS or its downstream mediators. Tumor cell-intrinsic and non-cell autonomous mechanisms included increased complement activation, coagulation, and tumor angiogenesis, and several lines of evidence of immunologic evasion.CONCLUSIONTogether, our findings reveal numerous mechanisms of resistance to current KRAS G12C inhibitors through enrichment of clonal populations, KRAS-independent downstream signaling, and diverse remodeling of the tumor microenvironment.FUNDINGRichard and Fran Duley, Jimmy and Kay Mann, the NIH, and the North Carolina Biotechnology Center.
TL;DR: In this article , a self-assembled berberine-cinnamic acid nanoparticles (BC NPs) were incorporated into the film matrixes to improve the UV-shielding property, hydrophobicity, and thermal stability of packaging.