Showing papers by "University of North Carolina at Charlotte published in 1981"
TL;DR: In this article, the excited state and redox properties of Ru(p-XTPP)(CO), X = MeO, Me, H, F, Cl, H and Br, have been defined.
Abstract: Excited-state and redox properties of Ru(p-XTPP)(CO), X = MeO, Me, H, F, Cl, H and Br, have been defined. Emission bands were centered at 730 ± 3 nm and excited-state lifetimes were in the range of 30 ± 10 μ$. Two one-electron oxidations in CH2C12 ranged from 0.74 to 0.86 V for the first step and from 1.18 to 1.27 V for the second one. A one-electron reduction process in (CH3)2SO ranged from -1.35 to -1.24 V. Excited-state lifetimes and redox potentials exhibit a weak dependence on the Hammett function. In general, redox potentials increase as the electron-withdrawing power of the substituents increases, whereas excited-state lifetimes decrease. The first oxidation step (0.74-0.86 V) and the reduction step are, respectively, assigned to -electron removal or acceptance by the porphyrin ring. The second oxidation is assigned to removal of an electron from the ruthenium(II) center. The excited state is shown to be the ( *) state of the porphyrin ring and to exhibit photoredox behavior involving both oxidative and reductive quenching. Redox product separation occurred in flash photolysis quenching experiments and back-reactions took place at near-diffusion-controlled rates. The redox potential of the Ru(TPP)(CO)+/* couple was estimated from emission and redox data to be -0.57 ± 0.03 V; it was determined from oxidative quenching studies to be -0.56 ± 0.10 V. Comparison to the excited-state properties of Ru(bpy)32+ is made, and the utility of porphyrin complexes as potential solar energy storage catalysts is examined.
142 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of forced postponement of a hiring decision until after specific qualifications had been evaluated was examined as a procedure to reduce sex and physical attractiveness discrimination, and the results indicated that the order variable influenced ratings of specific qualifications but not the overall or hiring decision.
Abstract: The effect of forced postponement of a hiring decision until after specific qualifications had been evaluated was examined as a procedure to reduce sex and physical attractiveness discrimination. Ninety six male and 148 female undergraduates evaluated the qualifications of an attractive, average, or unattractive male or female applicant. Ratings of specific qualifications preceded or followed an overall and hiring decision rating. Results indicated that the order variable influenced ratings of specific qualifications but not the overall or hiring decision. Sex of subject and attractiveness did affect the hiring decision with male and attractive applicants being preferred.
132 citations
TL;DR: The results indicated that the children at each age level made a significant distinction between the two occupational groupings, with the extent of the distinction increasing with age level.
Abstract: Female and male children ranging in age from 21/2 to 8 years were asked to indicate for each of 10 occupations whether a male or a female adult would be most likely to engage in the occupation. Five traditionally male and five traditionally female occupations were presented in random orders. The results indicated that the children at each age level made a significant distinction between the two occupational groupings, with the extent of the distinction increasing with age level. There were no significant effects involving the sex of the children. The results were interpreted as indicating the learning of adult stereotypes concerning the sex appropriateness of occupations by children as young as 21/2; years old. The potential implications of this sex stereotype for actual career decisions and aspirations were discussed.
75 citations
TL;DR: Sex role identity and self esteem were examined in a cross sectional sample of 2069 Ohio State University students, employees, and alumni between the ages of seventeen and eighty-nine and masculinity was a far better predictor of self esteem than was femininity.
Abstract: Sex role identity (Bern Sex Role Inventory) and self esteem (Texas Social Behavior Inventory) were examined in a cross sectional sample of 2069 Ohio State University students, employees, and alumni between the ages of seventeen and eighty-nine. Both men and women displayed peak masculinity scores in the middle years of adulthood, with no significant differences in femininity scores across the age range studied. Among both men and women, psychologically “androgynous” individuals displayed the highest levels of self esteem, followed by masculine sex-typed, feminine sex-typed, and “undifferentiated” individuals, in that order. Masculinity was a far better predictor of self esteem than was femininity.
37 citations
TL;DR: The authors found that females' job preferences were related to their mothers' educational achievement, while males tended to underestimate the importance of the motivators for females, while females overestimated the importance on hygienes for males.
27 citations
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: This paper identified two separate sources of role conflict which cause anxiety about the grading process: colleagues pressure us for low grades and students pressure us to get high grades, whereas they see high grades as a legitimate reward for their greater learning.
Abstract: We have found it helpful to identify two separate sources of role conflict which cause anxiety about the grading processes. One has to do with the distribution of the grades that are given. In this case the conflict arises when our colleagues pressure us for low grades (since too few low grades are often equated with lack of academic &dquo;rigor&dquo; and/or a popularity contest if student evaluations are used in promotion, tenure, and salary decisions for faculty); whereas our students pressure us for high grades (to reduce their anxiety and, if we are effective, as a legitimate reward for their greater learning). The second source of role conflict has to do with the kinds of behavior for which grades are given. In this case, a dilemma arises from OB faculty convictions that their courses should foster the development of interpersonal and group skills, which are unfamiliar to students who are used to performance criteria based solely on the acquisition of facts and concepts (see Mezoff et al., 1979, p. 31). Coping with the Grade Distribution Dilemma : With respect to the grading distribution dilemma, we have adopted an approach that we feel takes advantage of the nature of organizational norms that could otherwise be threatening to either our students or to ourselves. On the opening day of class we:
23 citations
TL;DR: The finite element method of structural analysis was used to analyze the stresses and forces which develop during suturing of two types of defect configurations in skin.
22 citations
TL;DR: The morphology of the Geukensia heart is similar to that of other bivalves, and mitochondria are particularly concentrated under the sarcolemma, near the ends of the nucleus, and in rows between bundles of myofilaments.
Abstract: The structure of the heart of Geukensia demissa, a common object of physiological and biochemical investigation, is described by scanning, transmission and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. A single-cell epithelial layer covers the ventricle, but an endothelium is lacking. Myofibers are small (6-7 μm diam.), mononucleate, and tapered. Glycogen is concentrated peripherally. Mitochondria are particularly concentrated under the sarcolemma, near the ends of the nucleus, and in rows between bundles of myofilaments. The myofilaments (6-8nm thin, 30-35 nm thick filament diam.) are loosely arranged into sarcomeres (2-4 μm) by Z bodies. Many of these Z bodies interconnect, and some anchor to the sarcolemma forming attachment plaques. Cells are joined by intercalated discs consisting of fascia adherentes, spot desmosomes, and gap junctions. The gap junctions include intramembrane particles. T tubules are absent. The sarcolemma is coupled to the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (JSR) over 357ndash;40% of the cell surface. Tubules extend from the JSR deep into and throughout the cell as an irregularly dispersed network. The SR occupies 1% of the cell volume. A few, small (0.1-1.0 μm) unmyelinated nerves are present, but no neuromuscular junctions were seen. The auricles have fewer and smaller myocytes than the ventricle. The auricles also contain podocytes with pedicels having 20-35 nm slits and containing sieve-like projections. The morphology of the Geukensia heart is similar to that of other bivalves.
22 citations
22 citations
TL;DR: The influence of the content of statements regarding delay and the level of role involvement on self-control in 98 preschool boys and girls was investigated in a task in which the possession of accumulating candy rewards was made contingent upon the child's stopping further accumulation as mentioned in this paper, and children who chose to verbalize the task-centered utterance waited longer before taking the rewards than did the children in the three conditions involving reward-centered statements.
Abstract: The influence of the content of statements regarding delay and the level of role involvement (free choice of verbalization condition, assignment to verbalization condition, or passive listening to statement) on self-control in 98 preschool boys and girls was investigated in a task in which the child's possession of accumulating candy rewards was made contingent upon the child's stopping further accumulation. Children who chose to verbalize the task-centered utterance waited longer before taking the rewards than did the children in the three conditions involving reward-centered statements. Children who were told to use the task-centered statement or who passively heard it waited longer than did children who were told to use the reward-centered statement or who passively heard it. Children who chose the reward-centered statement waited less than children in the other two reward-centered conditions. Children given no direction regarding what to do during the waiting period delayed less than children...
21 citations
TL;DR: Data on maternal tactile interaction during 10 min of contact following each of 66 deliveries revealed that maternal tactile behavior in the 1st 10 minutes of active interaction is more variable than previously reported.
Abstract: Human mothers have been reported to exhibit a species-characteristic pattern of tactile contact with their newborn infants that begins with fingertip touch of infant extremities and progresses to palmar massaging of the infant trunk. This study presents data on maternal tactile interaction during 10 min of contact following each of 66 deliveries. Most of the women in the study were of Hispanic origin and delivered with midwives in an El Paso, Texas maternity center. Time-sampling techniques were used with tactile behaviors recorded every 10 sec. Most observations began less than 10 min after birth. The statistical analysis revealed that maternal tactile behavior in the 1st 10 min of active interaction is more variable than previously reported. No evidence was offered of a pattern of touch progression: active tactile exploration appeared to vary with the gender of the infant and parity and socioeconomic or sociocultural background of the mother.
TL;DR: In this article, a review of recent trends in sex role research is presented with the purpose of showing a paradigm shift in the kinds of issues and questions thought to be important for an understanding of sex role development.
TL;DR: Pairing of homologous chromosomes results in the formation of 34 synaptonemal complexes (SC) at pachytene, corresponding to the 34 bivalents at metaphase I, and the modified SC, which lacks a central element, does not affect the pairing process.
Abstract: Pairing of homologous chromosomes results in the formation of 34 synaptonemal complexes (SC) at pachytene, corresponding to the 34 bivalents at metaphase I. No multivalent associations were observed and pairing occurs two-by-two. The modified SC, which lacks a central element, does not affect the pairing process. Only one end of the SC is attached to the nuclear envelope, although either end can attach. Total SC length and the number of recombination nodules in the tetraploid were about 1.5 times greater than in the diploid.
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: Every answer given arouses new questions and the progress of science is matched by an increase in the hidden and mysterious.
Abstract: Every answer given arouses new questions. The progress of science is matched by an increase in the hidden and mysterious.
TL;DR: The short and long-term effects of a parent-infant training program for biologically handicapped infants was evaluated in terms of maternal locus of control and the results indicated that mothers' perceived contribution to infant progress in programs designed to produce sustained gains in early infant development.
Abstract: The short and long-term effects of a parent-infant training program for biologically handicapped infants was evaluated in terms of maternal locus of control. Twenty-four infants were evaluated on five developmental scales measuring motor, cognitive, and language functioning over a four-year period. Developmental gains on these indices were regressed against maternal locus of control partialing maternal education and socioeconomic status out of the relationship. The results indicated that maternal locus of control accounted for a substantial portion of variance in the developmental gains following the program intervention period. This was especially true for the cognitive and language indices. Locus of control in the mother, however, was not related to the motor indices, nor did it relate to cognitive and language gains achieved during the program intervention period. The results are discussed in terms of the mother's perceived contribution to infant progress in programs designed to produce sustained gains in early infant development.
TL;DR: Major issues facing educators and clinicians in the field of emotional disturbance in children and youth are centered around providing appropriate services to this population and the need for objectively defining emotional problems and rationally designing programs to meet individual child needs is stressed.
Abstract: Major issues facing educators and clinicians in the field of emotional disturbance in children and youth are centered around providing appropriate services to this population Three major problems
TL;DR: In this article, a profile of teenage fathers is presented by reviewing the scant literature that is available, and specific recommendations for counselors are made on the basis of this review, based on which they make specific recommendations.
Abstract: In this century both the literature and social programs devoted to adolescent pregnancy have focused almost exclusively on the female. This article presents a profile of teenage fathers by reviewing the scant literature that is available. The authors make specific recommendations for counselors on the basis of this review.
TL;DR: In this article, a baseline study used data from a survey of 76 rural communities in Central Tunisia to construct measures of rural poverty and ecological deterioration and indices of the major institutional complexes in the region.
Abstract: This baseline study used data from a informant survey of 76 rural communities in Central Tunisia to construct, first, measures of rural poverty and ecological deterioration and, second, indices of the major institutional complexes in the region. Using factor analysis, the study identified five institutional dimensions: services, religious institutions, mechanized agriculture, irrigated agriculture and sedentary herding. These dimensions were then used as independent variables in a regression analysis of the two social indicators with the results that sedentary herding and religious institutions (negative) predict ecological problems, and the same two dimensions, with the addition of services (negative) predict poor housing. Compared to household survey baselines, this one is less expensive, simpler to analyze and provides an analytic picture of the institutional structure, in relation to key indicators, of a region.
TL;DR: The methodology of investigations of the influence of pregnancy on sexuality can be improved by standardizing assessment procedures, combining longitudinal and cross‐sectional methodologies, including assessment of the pregnant woman's partner, and providing adequate descriptions of methodology.
Abstract: The current paper reviews and evaluates available research on the influence of pregnancy on sexuality Patterns of findings consistent across most studies include a decline in sexual interest and in sexual behavior of women during the third trimester of their pregnancy Changes in sexuality during earlier stages of pregnancy are less clearly established The limited number of investigations used different methodologies, each with significant shortcomings While some consistency in the pattern of sexual change is evident, there has been little attempt to identify the underlying factors accounting for such change The methodology of investigations of the influence of pregnancy on sexuality can be improved by standardizing assessment procedures, combining longitudinal and cross‐sectional methodologies, including assessment of the pregnant woman's partner, and providing adequate descriptions of methodology
TL;DR: This paper identified six processes associated with high levels of local government management capacity: people of competence fill both elected and key administrative positions, and there is substantial continuity among the latter; fiscal management practices are used as policy tools that permit capital and operational planning and control; public officials recognize the legitimacy of concern for equity in public policy and administration; open decision-making processes facilitate exchange of views between citizens and officials; public services are delivered effectively and efficiently; and information management systems are utilized that permit decisionmaking information to flow freely between policy and administrative sectors and within the administrative sector.
Abstract: Research conducted for the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) identified six processes associated with high levels of local government management capacity. They were: 1) people of competence fill both elected and key administrative positions, and there is substantial continuity among the latter; 2) fiscal management practices are used as policy tools that permit capital and operational planning and control; 3) public officials recognize the legitimacy of concern for equity in public policy and administration; 4) open decision-making processes facilitate exchange of views between citizens and officials; 5) public services are delivered effectively and efficiently; and, 6) information management systems are utilized that permit decision-making information to flow freely between policy and administrative sectors and within the administrative sector.
More significant in sustaining management capacity than the form of government, size of the jurisdiction, or region of the country, these processes are subject to enhancement by capacity-building efforts by practitioners and by those engaged in training of local personnel.
TL;DR: Frequencies of verbal and nonverbal responsiveness of 20 male and 20 female preschool teachers to sex of child and to sex-typed child behaviors were observed by as discussed by the authors, who found that male teachers tended to be more physically proximate to boys than girls and more involved in masculine behaviors than the women.
Abstract: Frequencies of verbal and nonverbal responsiveness of 20 male and 20 female preschool teachers to sex of child and to sex-typed child behaviors were observed. Male and female teachers responded verbally equally as often to boys arid girls, especially when the children were involved in masculine activities. Higher incidences of nonverbal responsiveness of male teachers to boys and to masculine behaviors indicated that male teachers tended to be more physically proximate to boys than girls and more involved in masculine behaviors than the women.
TL;DR: In this paper, task performance was investigated under achievement- or non-achievement-related and real, perceived, or no-audience conditions (101 females and 19 males).
Abstract: Task performance was investigated under achievement- or nonachievement-related and real, perceived, or no-audience conditions (101 females and 19 males). The achievement conditions had no effect, but performance with both a real and a perceived audience was stronger than with no audience. Personality measures were administered to test for their moderating effects, but the results were not significant.
TL;DR: The uses of this information system are familiar — comparative description, monitoring and evaluation — but in this integrated and upgraded form, the potential problem solving capacity of rural development agencies should be significantly enhanced.
Abstract: A new type of rural development information system is described. It is based on two recently introduced low-cost technologies; microcomputers and the informant survey. When the informant data from the universe of subdistricts in a region are analyzed with modern multivariate techniques, it is possible to derive comprehensive measures of institutional structure as well as five measures of rural progress. The latter are: a level of living scale based on housing characteristics, a measure ofinequality derived from the difference between the housing of irrigated and dryland farmers, an estimate of agricultural productivity, a score of ecological problems, and a measure of status group restrictions, specifically restrictions on females. These and similar measures of social structure constitute the ‘macrosocial accounting’ file. In addition this information system includes project monitoring and administrative accounting files. The uses of this system are familiar — comparative description, monitoring and evaluation — but in this integrated and upgraded form, the potential problem solving capacity of rural development agencies should be significantly enhanced.
TL;DR: In this article, the Bem Sex-Role Inventory (Bem, 1974) and the Child-rearing Practices Report (Block, 1965) were used to investigate the beliefs and practices of sex-typed and androgynous parents of young children.
Abstract: This study was designed to investigate the child-rearing ideals and practices of sex-typed and androgynous parents of young children. It was hypothesized that sex-typed and androgynous parents would select their own sex-role orientation as their idealized child's orientation and that sex-typed parents would differ from androgynous parents on their reported child-rearing practices. A total of 119 parents (single parents were excluded) participated by completing the Bem Sex-role Inventory (Bem, 1974) and the Child-rearing Practices Report (Block, 1965). A chi squared analysis indicated that sex-typed parents preferred that their children grow up to be sex-typed and androgynous parents preferred that their children grow up to be androgynous. A one-way analysis of variance indicated no significant differences between the child-rearing practices of sex-typed and androgynous parents, except that sex-typed fathers emphasized achievement more than androgynous fathers. It was recommended that future researchers co...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors suggest that resegregation is likely to be a common "second-generation" school desegregation problem and that changes in housing patterns can bring about the need for adjustments in the pupil assignments plan in order to reduce emerging racial imbalance in schools.
Abstract: This article suggests that resegregation is likely to be a common "second-generation" school desegregation problem. Once a desegregation plan is implemented, changes in housing patterns can bring about the need for adjustments in the pupil assignments plan in order to reduce emerging racial imbalance in schools. An investigation of Charlotte- Mecklenburg's past desegregation experience revealed a frequently reoccurring desegre gation-resegregation cycle. On three occasions since 1970 Charlotte school officials have made changes in the pupil-assignment plan in order to keep schools racially balanced. The resegregation of schools was due to intradistrict residential shifts and inmigration. The future desegregation status of school systems may hinge upon the position of the courts on the resegregation issue. It is clear that desegregation is a continuing process and not a one-time event.
TL;DR: The British Columbia Land Commission Act (BCLCA) as discussed by the authors was one of the leading innovators in agricultural land protection in North America, and has been widely recognized as a successful agricultural land preservation program.
TL;DR: This article examined the effects of extrinsic rewards and goals on interest and performance, and found that neither the goal nor reward conditions affected how many mazes were completed during the break or subject's responses to 30 attitudinal items.
Abstract: This investigation examined the effects of extrinsic rewards and goals on interest and performance. Two conditions of reward (present, absent) and three goal conditions (assigned, self-set, and absent) were used in conjunction with an interesting task. 48 undergraduates completed a series of mazes during a 30-min. work period and were then given 10 min. of “free time.” Neither the goal nor reward conditions affected how many mazes were completed during the break or subject's responses to 30 attitudinal items. However, while only four attitudinal items were related to the number of mazes completed in the work period, 10 were related to the number completed during the break.