Showing papers by "University of North Carolina at Charlotte published in 1988"
TL;DR: In this paper, the dependence of active nucleation site density on boiling surface conditions is developed in a form of N = N · φ(β) · ε(r), where ϵ(n) is the average cavity density.
145 citations
TL;DR: This paper found that failure to retrieve the intention to do something at the appropriate time is the source of many forgettings, and this finding may have implications for the construction of memory inventories.
Abstract: 50 subjects were asked to keep a diary of instances in which they realized they had forgotten something. The 750 forgettings recorded were grouped on the basis of nominal similarity, with 64% of them falling into one of 24 categories. The major categories included forgetting to comply with requests, failures of habitual actions, absentmindedness, and forgetting to bring something. Most failures involved the forgetting to perform a future action (i.e., forgetting to do something) as opposed to forgetting facts, names, or other information once known. These results suggest that the failure to retrieve the intention to do something at the appropriate time is the source of many forgettings, and this finding may have implications for the construction of memory inventories.
133 citations
24 Jul 1988
TL;DR: Using a compound-valued logic, a logical architecture is introduced for representing fuzzy cognitive maps and for modeling knowledge acquisition in adaptive bidirectional associative memories using a NPN calculus that is used as a logical inference engine.
Abstract: Using a compound-valued logic, a logical architecture is introduced for representing fuzzy cognitive maps and for modeling knowledge acquisition in adaptive bidirectional associative memories. The excitatory, neutral, and inhibitory values of causal relations provide an effective paradigm for knowledge acquisition and processing. The main contribution is a NPN (negative-positive-neutral) calculus that is used as a logical inference engine. >
88 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that this approach, to be called an auxiliary mapping technique, in the framework of the p-version of the finite element method yields an exponential rate of convergence.
Abstract: A special approach to deal with elliptic problems with singularities is introduced. It is shown that this approach, to be called an auxiliary mapping technique, in the framework of the p-version of the finite element method yields an exponential rate of convergence. It is also shown that this technique can deal with elliptic problems on unbounded domains in R2 as well. (AMS(MOS) subject classifications: Primary, 65N30, 65N15.)
81 citations
TL;DR: Results are discussed in terms of both the encoding specificity principle as well as a more process-oriented interpretation, as both old and young participants recalled more when the same cues were presented at encoding and retrieval than when different cues were present.
Abstract: In two experiments (one under full attention, the other under divided attention), old and young adults were presented with a cued recall task in an encoding specificity paradigm. Targets and associated cues were either pictures or matched words, and there was either a strong or weak semantic relationship between targets and cues. Additionally, cues presented at recall were either the same as or different from those presented at encoding, resulting in four encoding cue—retrieval cue combinations: (a) strong encoding cue and (same) strong retrieval cue; (b) weak encoding cue and (same) weak retrieval cue; (c) weak encoding cue and (different) strong retrieval cue; (d) strong encoding cue and (different) weak retrieval cue. For the most part, the results revealed strong encoding specificity effects for both age groups, as both old and young participants recalled more when the same cues were presented at encoding and retrieval than when different cues were presented. However, when elderly participants received verbal cues under divided attention conditions, evidence for general encoding rather than encoding specificity occurred. Results are discussed in terms of both the encoding specificity principle as well as a more process-oriented interpretation.
60 citations
TL;DR: To determine the influence of cooling rate and contraction mismatch on the flexural failure resistance of metal opaque-porcelain strips, specimens were subjected to four-point loading in an Instron testing machine until crack initiation occurred at the metal-ceramic interface.
Abstract: The interactive influence of cooling rate and the sign and magnitude of thermal contraction difference between metals and ceramic veneers on bond strength have not been extensively analyzed, although numerous bond-test studies have been reported during the past two decades. A previous analytical study of residual incompatibility stress in bond-test specimens indicated that bond strength values may be of relatively little value if the residual stress state of the metal-ceramic specimens is not considered. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of cooling rate and contraction mismatch on the flexural failure resistance of metal opaque-porcelain strips. Specimens were subjected to four-point loading in an Instron testing machine until crack initiation occurred at the metal-ceramic interface. The residual stress states in the ceramic region were estimated from finite element stress analyses of the bond-test specimens by use of dilatometry data obtained at the cooling rate of 3 degrees C/min. The total stress induced from the residual stress and the applied flexural load was also determined for these specimens. Statistical analyses of the experimental data revealed that the slowly cooled specimens exhibited a significantly lower (p < 0.05) flexural strength compared with rapidly cooled specimens. Regardless of the cooling technique, metal-ceramic specimens with a negative thermal contraction difference (alpha m - alpha p < 0) failed at significantly lower (p < 0.05) flexural loads than did specimens with a positive thermal contraction difference.
55 citations
TL;DR: A study on the iron-withholding property of the three major human Hp phenotypes, Hp 1, 2, and 2-1, and demonstrated that, although V. vulnificus was unable to grow in a deferrated medium without an additional iron source, it was able to grow with the addition of the Hm-Hp complex.
Abstract: It has been suggested that the normal serum protein, haptoglobin (Hp), serves a bacteriostatic role by binding free hemoglobin (Hm), thus making heme iron unavailable for bacterial growth. Previous studies showed that, unlike Escherichia coli, Vibrio vulnificus was able to overcome this Hp-blocking effect. We report here a study on the iron-withholding property of the three major human Hp phenotypes, Hp 1, 2, and 2-1. Results of experiments with human serum showed that V. vulnificus C7184 was able to obtain iron from Hm bound to Hp types 1 and 2, but not that bound to Hp 2-1. E. coli 2395-80, on the other hand, was unable to overcome the blocking effect of any Hp phenotype. Using purified Hp 1, we also demonstrated that, although V. vulnificus was unable to grow in a deferrated medium without an additional iron source, it was able to grow with the addition of the Hm-Hp complex.
51 citations
TL;DR: In all previous work on Lyapunov exponents for stochastic systems, the results take the form of asymptotic power series expansions in the noise parameter as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In all previous work on Lyapunov exponents for stochastic systems, the results take the form of asymptotic power series expansions in the noise parameter. In this paper we consider a natural class ...
45 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a sample of self-employed workers to represent entrepreneurs and government employees as the control group was used to test the claim that achievement motivation and risk-taking are two dominant characteristics of entrepreneurs.
Abstract: Achievement motivation and risk taking are often identified as two dominant characteristics of entrepreneurs. This supposition is tested using a sample of self-employed workers to represent entrepreneurs and government employees as the control group.
43 citations
TL;DR: The habitat and nesting biology were studied for naturally occurring colonies of the African honey bee,Apis mellifera scutellata, in the Okavango River Delta, Botswana to discuss as adaptations to the hot climate, long foraging season, and high predation rate experienced in the Delta.
Abstract: The habitat and nesting biology were studied for naturally occurring colonies of the African honey bee,Apis mellifera scutellata, in the Okavango River Delta, Botswana. Vegetational surveys revealed that the forage available to Delta colonies was abundant and potentially available year round. Colonies had a density of 7.8 nests/km2. Nest cavities occurred with equal frequency in trees and termite mounds, had a volume of approximately 17 L, were unpropolized, and had south-facing, top-located entrances. Delta colonies were small (ca. 6,500 workers), constructed small amounts of comb (ca. 3,000 cm2), stored little food, devoted 78% of comb space to brood production, exhibited little nest defense, and experienced a 48% predation rate during the 5 month study period. The characteristics observed forscutellata in this study are discussed as adaptations to the hot climate, long foraging season, and high predation rate experienced in the Delta. Data for the Delta colonies are compared to those forscutellata in other tropical areas, and to honey bees in temperate climate regions.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of small group theory on the writing of dissenting opinions on the Warren and Burger courts. And they found that the justice in the extreme ideological position tends to write the dissenting opinion, but in the maximum losing coalitions the marginal justice is equally likely to do so.
Abstract: Investigation of dissenting opinions on the Warren and Burger courts in which all the justices in dissent joined the same dissenting opinion reveals that the justice in the extreme ideological position tends to write the dissenting opinion, but in the maximum losing coalitions the marginal justice (i.e., the justice ideologically closest to the majority) is equally likely to do so. These findings suggest that small group theory better explains dissenting opinion behavior than the theory of cognitive dissonance.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the primary decomposition of divisorial ideals in Mori domains and proved that every d-irreducible ideal is of the form (a) :b and has a unique maximal associated prime.
TL;DR: In this article, the prediction problem for linear regression models with elliptical errors when the Bayes prior is non-informative is considered, and it is shown that the prediction density under the elliptical error assumption is exactly the same as that obtained with normally distributed errors.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship between the weather and crime, using daily weather figures (e.g. precipitation, humidity, temperature, barometric pressure) and crime data for a large eastern city.
Abstract: A common question among both academicians and practitioners concerns the relationship between the weather and crime. Although early researchers, including Durkheim, introduced climatological factors in their discussions of human behavior and deviance, contemporary criminology tends to ignore these factors as possible contributors to changes in crime despite the ease with which weather variables fit into the routine activities and sociobiological perspectives. The present study investigates the weather-crime relationship, using daily weather figures (e.g. precipitation, humidity, temperature, barometric pressure) and crime data for a large eastern city. The results are discussed in terms of both direct and indirect effects on levels of deviance and the potential usefulness of the analysis for future sociobiological and environmental design approaches to crime control.
TL;DR: Fixed-partial-denture specimens and semicircular arch specimens with gapped cross-arch segments were employed to characterize the potential of two incompatible metal-ceramic systems for producing delayed crack development and determine the relative sensitivity of these test designs as monitors of incompatibility stresses which resulted from thermal contraction differences between a nickel-chromium alloy and three experimental porcelains.
Abstract: Delayed failure of metal-ceramic restorations due to static fatigue can occur when residual tensile stress is present in porcelain, even in the absence of intra-oral forces. Fixed-partial-denture (FPD) specimens and semicircular arch specimens with gapped cross-arch segments were employed to characterize the potential of two incompatible metal-ceramic systems for producing delayed crack development and to determine the relative sensitivity of these test designs as monitors of incompatibility stresses which resulted from thermal contraction differences between a nickel-chromium alloy and three experimental porcelains.The arch specimens were judged to be more suitable for analysis of residual stresses because of the larger magnitude of gap changes at each procedural change. However, the FPD specimens exhibited earlier evidence of delayed crack growth in porcelain when the thermal contraction coefficient of the metal exceeded that of the porcelain by either 1.7 × 10-6/°C or 2.2 × 10-6/°C. For these two state...
TL;DR: In this paper, a model is presented which reasons that the thermal oxidation of silicon is surface reaction limited, and that the reaction rate is controlled by the viscous flow of newly forming oxide to accommodate the volume expansion that occurs when silicon oxidizes.
Abstract: A model is presented which reasons that the thermal oxidation of silicon is surface reaction limited, and that the reaction rate is controlled by the viscous flow of newly forming oxide to accommodate the volume expansion that occurs when silicon oxidizes. The SiO2 must form at silicon lattice sites and therefore epitaxially. This thermody-namically unstable epitaxial structure reconfigures and this reconfiguration results in an increase of the average viscosity of the oxide. The continual increase of average oxide viscosity accounts for the continual decrease in oxidation rate with time. A mathemat-ical analysis based on this model is used to derive the simple power law x = atb relating oxide thickness, x, to oxidation time, t which has been shown previously to model phe-nomenologically all of the extant dry oxidation data.1 The physical significances of the coefficient a and exponent b are obtained by the interpretation of the x vs t data in the literature in terms of this mathematical analysis.
TL;DR: In this paper, a starting framework for a strategic human resource planning system is presented, which involves several complex subsystems which require sustained effort and persistence in developing a workable model.
Book•
01 Jan 1988TL;DR: In this article, the authors present Building Modern Italy: Italian Architecture, 1914-36, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 43-44, with a focus on building modern Italy.
Abstract: (1990). Building Modern Italy: Italian Architecture, 1914-36. Journal of Architectural Education: Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 43-44.
TL;DR: In this article, a treatment model for female inmates who had been physically or sexually abused was described, implemented and evaluated, and hypotheses that during the 16-week program inmates would show: (a) incr...
Abstract: A treatment model for female inmates who had been physically or sexually abused was described, implemented and evaluated. The hypotheses that during the 16-week program inmates would show: (a) incr...
TL;DR: Although the use of games in business policy courses has lost much of its luster, gaming is still a popular method of instruction as discussed by the authors, and estimates of the perceni-agL----of Academy of Managementmembers currently using games range from 32.7% to about 30%.
Abstract: Although the use of manaCemeB1simulatiollS in business policy courses has lost much of its luster, gaming is still a popular method of instruction (Markulis and Strang, 1985). Estimates of the perceni-agL----of Academy of Managementmembers currently using games range from 32.7% (Alexander et al., 1984) to about 30%(Keeffe and Cozan, 1985; Eldredge and Galloway, 1983). The popularity that business games once enjoyed (Twelker, 1972) seems to have leveled off (Norris, 19$~~. Two major reasons for the diminished glamour of gaming stand out in the literature. Some instructor quit using games because of mainframe problems. ~t simply wasn’t worth the time and effort to fight the technical, political, and budgetary battles that had to be won to properly administer mainframe simulations. The expanding useof microcomputers for gaming (Cosenza et~t:, 1985; Dennis, 1985) is rapidly eliminating most problems asp sociated with mainframe (Fritzsche and Cotter, 19&5; loosen, 1985). =
TL;DR: This exploratory study examined the police records of a large eastern city for 1984 and provides a descriptive analysis of the background characteristics of persons reported missing and the circumtances surrounding their disappearance and their return.
TL;DR: In this paper, the attitudes of neighbors living within 4800m (3 miles) of a publicly operated landfill in Charlotte, North Carolina were surveyed. And the study findings indicate a strong measure of satisfaction with the operation of the facility, but show some concerns over the specific effects of the facilities.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the use of supported employment via the supported jobs model to provide competitive work experience for a 19-year-old student with severe disabilities, including emptying trash cans, detail cleaning, and daily cleaning.
Abstract: There is a need for empirically based studies to support public school on-the-job training programs for students with severe disabilities. This study examined the use of supported employment via the supported jobs model to provide competitive work experience for a 19-year-old student with severe disabilities. The job trained involved a complex set of janitorial skills, including emptying trash cans, detail cleaning, and daily cleaning. Training consisted of a combination of total task presentation and an individualized prompting hierarchy. A multiple baseline across behaviors design was employed across the three sets of behaviors. Results demonstrated the acquisition and maintenance of all skills at 100% accuracy. The use of supported employment as a means of providing competitive work experience for students with severe disabilities and the need for further research on effective community-based vocational training strategies are discussed.
Patent•
05 Sep 1988TL;DR: In this paper, a method and apparatus for monitoring multiple aspects of a patient's cardiac condition which is portable microprocessor based, and can be programmed to select (for storage in random access memory (RAM)) anomalous heartbeat waveforms while rejecting normal waveforms.
Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring multiple aspects of a patient's cardiac condition which is portable microprocessor based, and can be programmed to select (for storage in random access memory (RAM)) anomalous heartbeat waveforms while rejecting normal waveforms. In addition, the cardiac monitor gives real time warnings of erratic heartbeat waveforms and stores these waveforms for future analysis. The cardiac monitor also detects and energizes an alarm signal if a patient's heartbeat skips a predetermined number of beats.
TL;DR: Boyles and Samaniego as mentioned in this paper derived the Bayes estimator of F by discretizing F over a fixed finite partition of the support of F and taking a Dirichlet distribution as the prior for the probabilities of the partitioning intervals.
Abstract: Nomination sampling is a sampling process in which every observation is the maximum of a random sample from some distribution. If the data are ((Y/sub i/, K/sub i/), i=1, . . ., n) where K/sub i/ is the size of sample i, and Y/sub i/ is the maximum of a random sample of size K/sub i/ from an unknown Cdf, F; the Bayes estimator of F is derived by discretizing F over a fixed finite partition of the support of F and taking a Dirichlet distribution as the prior for the probabilities of the partitioning intervals. For the flood data of the Nidd River considered by R.A. Boyles and F.J. Samaniego (J. Am. Stat. Assoc., vol.81, p.1039-45, 1986), the plots of the Bayes estimator of F are obtained for several sets of values of the parameters of the Dirichlet distribution. >
TL;DR: A computerized general psychology laboratory provides students direct experience with contemporary research in psychology as discussed by the authors, and more than 500 students per semester use the lab, which operates with the help of student assistants.
Abstract: A computerized General Psychology Laboratory provides students direct experience with contemporary research in psychology. More than 500 students per semester use the lab, which operates with the help of student assistants. Hardware and software requirements and the physical layout of the laboratory are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors from 276 American/Canadian institutions have written over 2,400 articles in major marketing journals since 1960 and contributions were studied by five-year periods to determine trends in the number of schools represented, relative rank of the institutions, professorial rank of author(s), and number of authors per article.
Abstract: Academic authors from 276 American/Canadian institutions have written over 2,400 articles in major marketing journals since 1960. Contributions were studied by five-year periods to determine trends in the number of schools represented, relative rank of the institutions, professorial rank of the author(s), and the number of authors per article.
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TL;DR: It is suggested that NPN logics can be embedded into NPN Relations for cognitive process modeling and the notions of NPN relations and NPN heuristic transitive closures are introduced.
Abstract: It is argued that two-valued logic and fuzzy logic both lack some representational and reasoning capability in modeling directly a social or natural world with a combination of positive, negative, and neutral relationships. This is due to the fact that the logic values in both lie in the interval (0, 1). An NPN (negative-positive-neutral) crisp logic and an NPN fuzzy logic are presented that assume, respectively, crisp or fuzzy values in the interval (-1, 1). The notions of NPN relations and NPN heuristic transitive closures are introduced. It is suggested that NPN logics can be embedded into NPN relations for cognitive process modeling. An application is given to illustrate the theory. >