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Institution

University of North Carolina at Charlotte

EducationCharlotte, North Carolina, United States
About: University of North Carolina at Charlotte is a education organization based out in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 8772 authors who have published 22239 publications receiving 562529 citations. The organization is also known as: UNC Charlotte & UNCC.


Papers
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Journal Article
TL;DR: The ability of cells to resuscitate from the VBNC state and return to an actively metabolizing and culturable form is described, as well as the ability of these cells to retain virulence.
Abstract: It had long been assumed that a bacterial cell was dead when it was no longer able to grow on routine culture media. We now know that this assumption is simplistic, and that there are many situations where a cell loses culturability but remains viable and potentially able to regrow. This mini-review defines what the "viable but nonculturable" (VBNC) state is, and illustrates the methods that can be used to show that a bacterial cell is in this physiological state. The diverse environmental factors which induce this state, and the variety of bacteria which have been shown to enter into the VBNC state, are listed. In recent years, a great amount of research has revealed what occurs in cells as they enter and exist in this state, and these studies are also detailed. The ability of cells to resuscitate from the VBNC state and return to an actively metabolizing and culturable form is described, as well as the ability of these cells to retain virulence. Finally, the question of why cells become nonculturable is addressed. It is hoped that this mini-review will encourage researchers to consider this survival state in their studies as an alternative to the conclusion that a lack of culturability indicates the cells they are examining are dead.

1,237 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the antecedents and consequences of displayed emotion in organizations are investigated and the authors propose that customers "catch" the affect of employees through emotional contagion processes.
Abstract: This study focuses on the antecedents and consequences of displayed emotion in organizations. I propose that customers “catch” the affect of employees through emotional contagion processes. Results...

1,194 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The research challenge of routing in VANETs is discussed and recent routing protocols and related mobility models for VANets are surveyed.
Abstract: Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is an emerging new technology integrating ad hoc network, wireless LAN (WLAN) and cellular technology to achieve intelligent inter-vehicle communications and improve road traffic safety and efficiency. VANETs are distinguished from other kinds of ad hoc networks by their hybrid network architectures, node movement characteristics, and new application scenarios. Therefore, VANETs pose many unique networking research challenges, and the design of an efficient routing protocol for VANETs is very crucial. In this article, we discuss the research challenge of routing in VANETs and survey recent routing protocols and related mobility models for VANETs.

1,147 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes.
Abstract: In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.

1,129 citations

Book
01 May 1991
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the development of Adaptive Optics Imaging Systems, which combines Nonlinear Optics with Linear Analysis of Random Wavefronts, and its applications in Wavefront Reconstruction and System Engineering.
Abstract: History and Background: Introduction. History. Physical Optics: Propagation with Aberrations. Imaging with Aberrations. Representing the Wavefront. Interference. Adaptive Optics Terms. Sources of Aberrations: Atmospheric Turbulence: Descriptions of Atmospheric Turbulence. Refractive Index Structure Constant. Turbulence Effects. Turbulence MTF. Thermal Blooming: Blooming Strength and Critical Power. Turbulence, Jitter, and Thermal Blooming. Non-atmospheric Sources: Optical Misalignments and Jitter. Thermally Induced Distortions of Optics. Manufacturing and Microerrors. Other Sources of Aberrations. Adaptive Optics Compensation: Phase Conjugation. Limitations of Phase Conjugation: Turbulence Spatial Error. Turbulence Temporal Error. Sensor Noise Limitations. Thermal Blooming Compensation. Artificial Guide Stars. Combining the Limitations. Linear Analysis of Random Wavefronts. Linear Analysis of Deterministic Wavefronts: Partial Phase Conjugation. Adaptive Optics Systems: Adaptive Optics Imaging Systems. Beam Propagation Systems: Local Loop Beam Cleanup Systems. Alternative Concepts. Pros and Cons of the Various Approaches. Unconventional Adaptive Optics: Nonlinear Optics. Elastic Photon Scattering, DFWM. Inelastic Photon Scattering. System Engineering. Wavefront Sensing: Directly Measuring Phase: The Non-uniqueness of the Diffraction Pattern. Determining Phase Information from Intensity. Modal and Zonal Sensing. Direct Wavefront Sensing--Modal: Importance of Wavefront Tilt. Measurement of Tilt. Focus Sensing. Modal Sensing of Higher-Order Aberrations. Direct Wavefront Sensing--Zonal: Interferometiric Wavefront Sensing. Hartman Wavefront Sensors. Curvature Sensing. Selecting a Method. Indirect Wavefront Sensing Methods: Multidither Adaptive Optics. Image Sharpening. Wavefront Sampling: Beamsplitters. Hole Gratings. Temporal Duplexing. Reflective Wedges. Diffraction Gratings. Hybrids. Sensitivities of Sampler Concepts. Detectors and Noise. WavefrontCorrection: Modal Tilt Correction. Modal Higher-Order Correction. Segmented Mirrors. Deformable Mirrors: Actuation Techniques. Actuator Influence Functions. Bimorph Corrector Mirrors. Membrane and Micromachine Mirrors. Edge Actuated Mirrors. Large Correcting Optics. Special Correction Devices: Liquid Crystal Phase Modulators. Spatial Light Modulators. Charged-large-array-mirrors. Reconstruction and Controls: Introduction. Single-Channel Linear Control: Fundamental Control Tools. Transfer Functions. Proportional Control. First- and Second-Order Lag. Feedback. Frequency Response of Control Systems. Digital Controls. Multivariate Adaptive Optics Controls: Solution of Linear Equations. Direct Wavefront Reconstruction: Phase from Wavefront Slopes. Modes from Wavefront Slopes. Phase from Wavefront Modes. Modes from Wavefront Modes. Zonal Corrector from Continuous Phase. Modal Corrector from Continuous Phase. Zonal Corrector from Modal Phase. Modal Correctors from Modal Phase. Indirect Reconstructions.Modal Corrector from Wavefront Modes. Zonal Corrector from Wavefront Slopes. Spatiotemporal Considerations. Subject Index.

1,094 citations


Authors

Showing all 8936 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Chao Zhang127311984711
E. Magnus Ohman12462268976
Staffan Kjelleberg11442544414
Kenneth L. Davis11362261120
David Wilson10275749388
Michael Bauer100105256841
David A. B. Miller9670238717
Ashutosh Chilkoti9541432241
Chi-Wang Shu9352956205
Gang Li9348668181
Tiefu Zhao9059336856
Juan Carlos García-Pagán9034825573
Denise C. Park8826733158
Santosh Kumar80119629391
Chen Chen7685324974
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202361
2022231
20211,470
20201,561
20191,489
20181,318