Showing papers by "University of North Carolina at Greensboro published in 1975"
TL;DR: In this paper, a self-recording experiment with 20 college students who recorded their own face-touching during a class was conducted, and a variable manipulated in the present study was the expectancy of this direction of behavior change given to selfrecorders; the expectancy conditions were increase, decrease, no change, and no expectancy.
48 citations
TL;DR: Biddle, an American artist, mural painter, and Groton schoolmate of that master reshuffler and reshaper of American life, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, reflected the faith of those who believed that inherent in the American dream of a more abundant life was the promise not only of economic and social justice but also of cultural enrichment as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: LIFE IS DRAB AND UGLY. LIFE CAN BE BEAUTIFUL" if only we can reshuffle the constituent parts that formed the dreary design of our national life" into a "picture of democratic justice and spiritual beauty."' The words are those of George Biddle, American artist, mural painter, and Groton schoolmate of that master reshuffler and reshaper of American life, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and they reflect the faith of those who believed that inherent in the American dream of a more abundant life was the promise not only of economic and social justice but also of cultural enrichment-in short, "Arts for the Millions." Individuals sharing that belief expressed it in a variety of phrases. "People's Theatre" was the term of those who saw in the federal theatre project the seeds of a national institution belonging to all the people. In the same spirit, Federal Art Project directors entitled a collection of essays on that project, "Art for the Millions."2 But it is the term "cultural democracy"3 which best encompasses the ideas and aspirations of a New Deal elite who sought to integrate the artist into the mainstream of American life and make the arts both expressive of the spirit of a nation and accessible to its people.4
41 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the dispersion curves of single crystal iodine at 77 K have been measured by one-phonon coherent inelastic neutron scattering techniques, and the data are analyzed in terms of two Buckingham-six intermolecular potentials; one to represent the shortest intermolescular interaction (3.5 A) and the other to represent more distant interactions.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed differentially the verbal extinction and reattribution elements of a cognitive therapy, Cognitive Restructuring (CR), and analyzed these differential effects on measures of fear behavior from three response modes (verbal, motoric, somatic).
33 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the utility of both standardized tests and direct observations of behavior, despite the problems related to each of these assessment procedures, is reiterated, and an additional assessment technique is recommended which combines the "best of both worlds"; this technique is the collection of normative data by means of observation procedures.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, scores on the Slosson Intelligence Test (SIT) and SORT were compared for reading disabled children from two samples of third grade children selected by three objective methods.
Abstract: Scores on the Slosson Intelligence Test (SIT) and the Slosson Oral Reading Test (SORT) were compared for reading disabled children from two samples of third grade children selected by three objective methods. The Years Below and the Bond and Tinker methods selected children whose SIT and SORT scores were below the means for the entire samples. The third method, the Z-score method, identified children with SIT scores above the sample means and SORT scores below the sample means. The Z-score method was discussed as a useful additional technique for identifying reading disabled children in the early elementary grades.
23 citations
23 citations
TL;DR: In the 1970s, the Nixon Administration used crime rates to support the claim that it was winning the war on crime and evidence submitted in support of this claim included the assertion that the rate of increase in crime had decreased, partly as a result of the millions of federal dollars allo cated to the states by the Law Enforcement Assistance Administra tion as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Evaluation techniques used to measure the success of federal anti crime programs are controlled exclusively by local police, who submit unaudited crime reports to the FBI. Numerous studies have criticized the FBI Uniform Crime Reports as a biased source of information on the extent of the crime problem, and government surveys have shown that FBI figures mirror only a portion of the total number of crimes committed. Notwithstanding these serious deficiencies, the FBI index is still used by politicians, police offi cials, and the mass media as the primary indicator of effectiveness of federal, state, and local anticrime programs. In 1972 the Nixon Administration used crime rates to support the claim that it was winning the war on crime. Evidence submitted in support of this claim included the assertion that the rate of increase in crime had decreased, partly as a result of the millions of federal dollars allo cated to the states by the Law Enforcement Assistance Administra tion. This article assesses the we...
18 citations
TL;DR: A mathematical model is built that fits both the germination rate and the total number of seeds that germinate as a function of time and is the same autocatalytic reaction model that describes biochemical reactions in which enzymes play an important role.
17 citations
TL;DR: This paper found that reversal letters produced more errors than other types of graphic stimuli only for kindergarten children, and there was a similar pattern of errors in response to both reversal and other type of letter stimuli: number of errors deceased as grade level increased; there were no sex differences; and the eight response types produced differing numbers of errors.
Abstract: Kindergarten, first, second, and third grade children (n = 36 per grade level) gave eight types of responses to five categories of letter stimuli, including high and low confusion capital and lower-case letters and frequently reversed letters. An error analysis of these normative data revealed that reversal letters produced more errors than other types of graphic stimuli only for kindergarten children. There was a similar pattern of errors in response to both reversal and other types of letter stimuli: Number of errors deceased as grade level increased; there were no sex differences; and the eight response types produced differing numbers of errors. It was suggested that letter reversals be remediated by first ascertaining the response modes in which letter reversals occur for each child.
17 citations
TL;DR: The relation between time and reinforcement distributions appears to be invariant over a wide range of manipulations of responding maintained by concurrent schedules.
Abstract: Pigeons were trained on concurrent schedules in which key pecking was required by both schedules (concurrent variable-interval variable-interval schedules) and on concurrent schedules in which key pecking was required by only one of the schedules (concurrent variable-interval variable-time schedules). The distribution of reinforcements was systematically varied with both types of concurrent schedules. The distribution of time between the schedules depended on the reinforcement distribution and was independent of the symmetry of the response requirement. The relation between time and reinforcement distributions appears to be invariant over a wide range of manipulations of responding maintained by concurrent schedules.
TL;DR: The results indicated that the amplitude of VERs approximately 110 msec after stimulation was particularly sensitive to the presence and size of the pattern, and lends support to the notion that there are multiple visual channels, each selectively sensitive to a limited range of spatial frequencies.
TL;DR: The present data question the generality of previous reports that the rate of one response is independent of the amount of time allocated to the alternative response.
Abstract: In a two-key chamber, one key (the food key) was either red or green with different variable-interval schedules operating concurrently in each color and a second key (the changeover key) served to change the food-key color. Three pigeons were trained with either a 2-sec changeover delay or a 0-sec changeover delay and three birds with a fixed-ratio 2 on the changeover key instead of a changeover delay. The proportion of time spent in red approximated the proportion of reinforcers delivered in red for all birds. When the procedure was changed so that reinforcers were signalled in the green schedule, rates of reinforcement were unaltered, but the pigeons spent virtually the whole session in red. Changeovers to green were allowed only when a reinforcer was assigned by the schedule associated with green. For all pigeons with the fixed–ratio requirement on the changeover key or with a 0-sec changeover delay, the overall rate of red-key responses was higher during the signalling condition than during unsignalled, or baseline, condition. The present data question the generality of previous reports that the rate of one response is independent of the amount of time allocated to the alternative response.
TL;DR: In this article, a battery of seven subtests were constructed to measure musical behavior and a two-way analysis of variance was employed to test for significance of differences in music test scores between music and nonmusic majors and low and high hearing efficiency.
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to determine the association, if any, between hearing efficiency and performance on selected measures of musical behavior. Hearing efficiency was divided into three categories—acuity, diplacusis, and discrimination. Possible associations among these three aspects were also investigated. Sixty undergraduate university students served as subjects: 30 music and 30 nonmusic majors. A battery of seven subtests was constructed to measure musical behavior. These subtests were excerpts from well-known standardized tests by Gordon, Gaston, and Seashore. Music test scores from the eight most efficient and eight least efficient subjects as determined categorically by acuity, diplacusis, and discrimination scores, were used for statistical analysis. The music test scores served as the dependent variable. A two-way analysis of variance was employed to test for significance of differences in music test scores between music and nonmusic majors and low and high hearing efficiency as categoriz...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated construct validity of a clothing interest scale using Factor Analysis of Creekmore's Importance of Clothing questionnaire, a multidiensional measure containing nine subscales.
Abstract: The objective of this research was to investigate construct validity of a clothing interest scale. Factor analysis of Creekmore's Importance of Clothing questionnaire, a multidi mensional measure containing nine subscales, resulted in an extraction of eight factors, interpreted to represent the basic dimensions of clothing interest as measured by the instru ment. Factor and subscale scores were compared by means of product-moment correla tions. Significant correlations indicated strong associations between the two sets of scores. Items assigned to factors and to subscales were compared by means of phi coefficients and point-biserial correlations. Highly significant correlations indicated strong associations. The null hypothesis, that there was no association between factors and subscales, was rejected. This close proximity between factor and subscale scores was interpreted as an indication of construct validity for the instrument.
TL;DR: Pitch perception in the human was examined with respect to the level of neural analysis and pitch strength of various complex tones and the importance of peripheral encoding for pitch perception was supported.
Abstract: Pitch perception in the human was examined with respect to the level of neural analysis and pitch strength of various complex tones. In binaural conditions, three‐component complex stimuli were presented to each ear in such a way that if a central processor determined pitch from the combined information from the two ears, one pitch would be perceived. If the pitch processor attended to the information from each ear separately, two pitches would be perceived (corresponding to the fundamental at each ear). Two pitches were perceived and the importance of peripheral encoding for pitch perception was supported. Subjects judged the strength of monaurally and binaurally presented stimuli as a function of the spectral region of the frequency components, number of components per complex, and the spacing between components. Pitch strength was discussed in terms of recent theoretical models of pitch.Subject Classification: 65.54, 65.56, 65.62.
TL;DR: In this paper, the relationship between pecking and keylight termination was systematically varied to assess possible conditioned reinforcement effects of key light termination in negative automaintained pecking, and the results provide little support for the notion that key-light termination functions as a conditioned reinforcer in the negative automaintenance paradigm.
Abstract: The relationship between pecking and keylight termination was systematically varied to assess possible conditioned reinforcement effects of keylight termination in negative automaintained pecking. Pecking was observed under conditions where pecking produced sustained keylight termination, brief keylight termination, or had no effect on key illumination. The proportion of trials with a peck was unrelated to the peck-termination contingency. The latency on trials with a peck was shortest in the sustained termination condition. The rate of pecking on trials with a peck was highest in the condition where termination was independent of pecking. Overall, the results provide little support for the notion that keylight termination functions as a conditioned reinforcer in the negative automaintenance paradigm.
TL;DR: In this paper, examples of ultrametrics are presented. But they do not specify the properties of the ultrameter and do not discuss the relationship between ultrameters and their properties.
Abstract: (1975). Examples of Ultrametrics. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 82, No. 7, pp. 749-752.
TL;DR: This article found that the amount of task relevant infor mation sought by internals and externals would not differ in situations in which the degree of control was specific, but that internals would seek more information than external participants when the degree was vague.
Abstract: Rotter's (1966) internal-external control scale was administered to 182 students enrolled in introductory psychology. The data supported the hypothesis that the amount of task relevant infor mation sought by internals and externals would not differ in situations in which the degree of control was specific, but that internals would seek more information than externals when the degree of control was vague. The hypothesis that subjects who were informed that their outcome depended entirely on their own task performance would seek more information than subjects who were informed that their outcome was a function of chance was not supported.
TL;DR: In this article, a FORMAC program is described which calculates the derivatives of appropriate generating functions to obtain the matrix elements with respect to the Burnett functions of the linearized Boltzmann cross-collision operators of a gaseous mixture.
TL;DR: In this article, the degrees of the irreducible factors of Q(H(x)) in GF(qi)[x], and the number of IRQ factors of each degree are given.
TL;DR: In this article, females, assigned to one of four conditions defined in terms of a confederate's behavior, suggested which level of shock intensity to set for an opponent during a reaction time competition, should the opponent lose the trial.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared two remedial reading programs, both administered by paraprofessionals, using the Sullivan Programmed Reading Series (SPS) and star charts; parents of the children subsequently exchanged these stars for accurate reading for rewards.
Abstract: An alternative to professional intervention is the administration of remedial reading programs by non-professional volunteers. The present study compared two remedial reading programs, both administered by paraprofessionals. The first program used the Sullivan Programmed Reading Series ( 1 ) and star charts; parents of the children subsequently exchanged these stars earned for accurate reading for rewards. The paraprofessionals were college students enrolled in a seminar on reading behavior. Ss who received this program were referred for reading problems; there were 6 males and 1 female, who ranged in age from 5 to 15 yr., grades kindergarten to tenth. Ss were tutored in their own homes or at the university. The second program was less structured; volunteer women who were high school graduates were given a variety of reading materials and were to use their best judgment as to an appropriate tutoring procedure for seven secondand thirdgrade students who had been identified as having reading difficulties ( 3 boys and 4 girls). Ss were tutored at their own elementary school. All Ss were preand posttested with the Spache Diagnostic Reading Scales ( 2 ) . Ss were tutored individually three times per week (30to 45-min. sessions) for 3 mo. The results favored the first program, based on the Sullivan series and star charts. The mean scores for the two groups on the eight subtests of the Spache test, prior to and after tutoring, are reported in the table. An analysis of variance, performed on data transformed to percentages of correct subtest responses, showed a significant main effect for method. with the mean favoring the Sullivan-star-chart method ( F = 7.73, dJ = 1/12, p < .O5), and a significant interaction between the type of tutoring procedure and particular Spache subtest ( F = 3.04, df = 7/84, p < .01). A Newman-Keuls test for multiple comparisons among means showed that Ss exposed to the Sullivan-star-chart performed significantly better than the less structured group on four Spache subtests: Vowel Sounds, Consonant Blends, Common Syllables, and Blending. all of which are phonics subtests.
TL;DR: The lost letter technique was used as a predictor of the outcome of the 1973 “liquor by the drink” referendum in Greensboro, North Carolina when voters are reluctant to state publicly their position on an issue, and when the issue has arosed strong feelings in the population.
Abstract: Summary The lost letter technique (2) was used as a predictor of the outcome of the 1973 “liquor by the drink” referendum in Greensboro, North Carolina. Three hundred letters with a note, “Found by your car—thought it might be yours,” were placed under the windshield wipers of automobiles selected at random. One hundred letters were addressed to a committee favoring passage of the referendum, 100 to a committee opposed to its passage, and 100 to a neutral third party. The return rate of the letters accurately predicted the outcome of the election. It was recommended that the lost letter technique be used as a nonreactive predictor of the outcome of an election when two conditions are met: (a) when voters are reluctant to state publicly their position on an issue, and (b) when the issue has arosed strong feelings in the population.
TL;DR: This paper showed that stimulus distinctiveness produced a greater effect on backward associations than did forward associative strength, and the correlation between the number of correct forward anticipations and the subsequent probability of a correct backward association accounted for less than 6% of the variance.
Abstract: In two paired-associate experiments, one stimulus was made a distinctive item by making this stimulus a different color from all other items. In subsequent backward-association tests, the distinctive stimulus was emitted as a correct backward association significantly more frequently than other items. In other analyses, the number of correct forward anticipations was computed for each of the nondistinctive pairs and used as a measure of forward associative strength. These analyses showed that stimulus distinctiveness produced a greater effect on backward associations than did forward associative strength. For the nondistinctive pairs, the correlation between the number of correct forward anticipations and the subsequent probability of a correct backward association accounted for less than 6% of the variance.