Showing papers by "University of North Carolina at Greensboro published in 1976"
TL;DR: The linear correlation of ligand basicity with oscillator strength of the lanthanide hypersensitive transitions has been shown to be of general utility and can be applied to lanthanides spectra of compounds in vapor, liquid solution or crystalline phases.
325 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the enumeration of pairs of sequences with given specification according to rises, falls and levels is studied, where RR,..., LL are the possibilities of generating functions in the general case and in a number of special cases simple explicit results are obtained.
Abstract: The paper is concerned with the enumeration of pairs of sequences with given specification according to rises, falls and levels. Thus there are nine possibilities RR, ..., LL. Generating functions in the general case are very complicated. However in a number of special cases simple explicit results are obtained.
63 citations
TL;DR: For instance, Craik et al. as mentioned in this paper found that first, third, and fifth graders (7.1, 8.8, 11.1 years old) performed semantic, acoustic and orthographic orienting activities to different words in a list.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental group of 13 teachers who were taught behavior modification by means of an inservice workshop was compared with a no-treatment control group, and the experimental group scored higher on a paper-and-pencil test of behavior modification.
42 citations
TL;DR: Questionnaire data pertaining to psychological and health variables were obtained from private obstetrical patients and compared with a no-complication control group on five psychological variables after variance due to the three health variables was partialled out statistically.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, trained observers (from behind a one-way mirror) recorded the face-touching frequency of 14 college students in a classroom situation through five experimental conditions: baseline, observer present, observer-absent, self-recording, and return-to-baseline.
29 citations
TL;DR: The results are consistent with the hypotheses that there are binocularly innervated size-specific channels located central to the optic chiasm and that saturation of such a channel by continuous stimulation of one eye, with the appropriate check size, will occlude responsivity of that channel to transient stimulation of the other eye.
26 citations
TL;DR: The interaction between Plectonema that was resistant to virus infection and the 3 LPP‐cyanophages resulted in rapid elimination of the viruses from the chemostat in the effluent, indicating spontancous induction.
Abstract: SUMMARY
Continuous culture techniques are used to study long-term population interactions between Plectonema boryanum Gomont, a filamentous bluegreen alga, and the LPP-viruses which infect it. After LPP-I (virulent cyanophage) infection of sensitive algae, 3 oscillations occur in cell density with concomitant oscillations in virus titer before final stabilization of both algal and viral concentrations. After LPP-ID and LPP-2 (temperate viruses) infection, oscillation in cell density occurred with burst of virus particles. Resistant algae always repopulated the chemostat; lysogeny was not established. The interaction between Plectonema that was resistant to virus infection and the 3 LPP-cyanophages resulted in rapid elimination of the viruses from the chemostat in the effluent. When lysogenic P. boryanum was tested, a law population of virus was present in the chemostat throughout the incubation period indicative of spontancous induction. Clones of lysogenic algae were isolated.
25 citations
TL;DR: When the data were reanalyzed eliminating variance due to health problems before and during pregnancy and age, several of the Psychological variables continued to discriminate multigravidae with and without complications, but none of the psychological variables discriminated between the two groups of primigravaceae.
24 citations
TL;DR: Baker as discussed by the authors argues that Gower's Genius is a complex and sophisticated assimilation of his two precursors in the literary tradition, namely Jean de Meun and Alain de Lille.
Abstract: The difficulty with Gower's Genius is his dual role as instructor of both love and virtue. How can Genius be a servant of Venus, and yet repudiate her in his role as orthodox priest? After a review of the criticism (highlighting studies by Knowlton, Lewis, Economou, and Schueler) Baker suggests the need for renewed study of Genius' allegorical meaning. Baker argues that Gower's Genius is "a complex and sophisticated assimilation of his two precursors in the literary tradition" (291) – namely Jean de Meun and Alain de Lille. In Alain de Lille, Genius does not simply embody the procreative (or, more broadly, generative) function, but is also a tutelary spirit who acts as a moral guide to mankind. This moral role (which Baker traces back to Bernardus Silvestris, Apuleius, and Martianus Capella), is subverted by Jean de Meun: "divorced from Raison, Natura and Genius become servants of Venus scelestis" (285). It is Gower, then, who seeks to reconcile the "dual priesthood" (286) of his sources. As "a priest of Venus, Gower's character is similar to Jean's; he is Genius as natural concupiscence, the amoral law of kinde" (287). But Gower's Genius also embodies reason, and Baker shows that the frequent distinction between "kinde" and "reson" in the CA mirrors Genius' dual role. In Book 3, for instance, we gradually see Genius assume his role as priest of reason and demonstrate the limitations of natural lust. For instance, in the tale of "Pyramus and Thisbe," Genius has Thisbe denounce the blindness of love. While early on, in the story of "Canace and Machaire," Genius may be "curiously sympathetic" (288) to the incest that comes about through "kinde," by the time of the story of "Orestes" Genius is willing to reverse his earlier position. Since Climestre's sin of homicide is incited by lust, Genius "teaches Amans that obeying the law of kinde can, paradoxically, lead to unkinde acts; through this tale the priest reveals the inadequacy of the natural law as a moral guide" (290). Gower thus "uses the dual priesthood of Genius to correct the unorthodox position enunciated by the false priest in Jean de Meun's poem and to restore to this figure the moral authority exercised by Alain's true priest" (290). Gower does not condemn all forms of love, for sexuality can be subject to reason. However, at a "psychomachic" (291) level, where the figure of Genius can be seen to represent some aspect of Amans' psychology, Genius is Amans' inner voice of reason, and not of love. [CvD]
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the synthesis of (C5H5)2Zr(BH4)2 via various procedures is discussed and the thermal decomposition of the compound has been characterized by TG-DTA techniques.
TL;DR: Results indicated that high self-disclosure from an experimenter elicited more intimacy than low and that friends tended to disclose most and strangers least and no sex differences were observed.
Abstract: The relationship between self-disclosure and degree of acquaintance was explored under the guise of collecting handwriting samples from 32 male and 36 female undergraduates. Results indicated that ...
TL;DR: The authors compared the efficacy of various group methods in reducing racial prejudice, black and white high school students were assigned to a no-treatment control group and to four experimental groups (n = 5 per group): game-playing, school-issues discussion, racial discussion, and racial role-playing.
Abstract: To compare the efficacy of various group methods in reducing racial prejudice, black and white high school students were assigned to a no-treatment control group and to four experimental groups (n = 5 per group): game-playing, school-issues discussion, racial discussion, and racial role-playing. After six sessions, all experimental groups reduced their verbal prejudice on the factor Respect of the Behavioral Differential, the game-playing group increased their interracial behavioral interactions, and the racial discussion and racial role-playing groups increased their interracial choices of project partners. The implications of these results, although in need of cross-validation, for various theories of the origin and treatment of prejudice were discussed.
TL;DR: Pigeons were trained on fixed-interval schedules of food delivery and it was revealed that pause termination was unaffected by the intermittent delivery of food during the pause, suggesting that the temporal control by fixed-Interval schedules is highly resistant to interference.
Abstract: Pigeons were trained on fixed-interval schedules of food delivery. In Experiments I and II, the fixed interval was initiated by the previous fixed-interval reinforcer; in Experiment III, the fixed interval was initiated by the first key peck following the preceding fixed-interval reinforcer (a chain fixed-ratio one, fixed-interval schedule). During the postreinforcement pause, variable-time schedules delivered food independent of any specific response. Rate of food delivery during the pause had only small effects on pause duration in Experiments I and II. In Experiment III, however, pause duration increased systematically with the rate of food delivery during the pause. These data suggest that the momentary proximity to reinforcement delivered via the fixed-interval schedule exerts potent control over pause termination. Additional analysis revealed that pause termination was unaffected by the intermittent delivery of food during the pause. Such data suggest that the temporal control by fixed-interval schedules is highly resistant to interference.
TL;DR: The results indicated that during Baseline conditions, performance across groups was comparable and that the performance of the Control group did not change across time, suggesting a facilitory effect of modelling procedures on reinforcement contingencies.
Abstract: Questioning is an important skill, particularly for retarded children with deficits in accumulated information. Recent strategies for modifying a variety of verbal behaviors have included both token reinforcement systems and modelling procedures. However, the relative effectiveness (i.e., the rate of behavior change) of certain reinforcement procedures, especially with low base-rate behavior (used alone) have recently been questioned. The present study, using an ABAB design, compared the effect of a Token reinforcement system, a Trainer-Model procedure, and a combination of the two procedures on increasing the rate of question-asking. Each condition was in effect for six sessions. Groups of four mildly retarded children (mean age: 10.1 yr) were prompted to ask questions about large photographs, and each of their questions was immediately answered. For the Model group, the Trainer modelled four questions for each subject for each photograph. For the Token group, each question earned the subject a point, which was exchangeable after the session for various items (e.g., candy, ice cream) from a “store”. For the Modelling plus Token group, the procedures were combined. The Model and the Control groups were yoked to receive the same amount of candy as the Token and the Model plus Token groups for behaviors other than question-asking (i.e., being polite). The results indicated that during Baseline conditions, performance across groups was comparable and that the performance of the Control group did not change across time. The Model procedure had only minimal effects on the rate of question-asking, while both the Model plus Token and the Token groups showed significant performance increments. The only significant difference between the Model plus Token and the Token groups was a faster rate of increase early in the first Training condition for the Model plus Token group. This difference, and the low level of performance change for the Model group, was interpreted as suggesting a facilitory effect of modelling procedures on reinforcement contingencies. The discrepancy between previous findings showing relatively minimal changes following reinforcement of low base-rate responses and the present results were discussed in terms of various procedural differences. Educational implications of the present results were also discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the acceptance or rejection of the sweet potato in or from the diet in a North Carolina community in transition from a rural to a suburban way of life.
Abstract: As part of a larger community nutrition study,t one section of our research was devoted to the examination of sweet potato consumption in a North Carolina community in transition from a rural to a suburban way of life. One key question guided our research: What social and cultural factors affect the acceptance or rejection of this vegetable in or from the diet? Since sweet potatoes are an important crop in North Carolina and a valuable source of the provitamin A carotenoids, the decline in its use deserves immediate and serious scientific attention. This study should shed some light on the probable causes for the decline of the sweet potato in the North Carolina and national dietaries. INDEX TERMS OR WORDS: sweet potatoes; sweet potato consumption, attitudes toward … , changes in … ; and nutritional anthropology.
TL;DR: The effects of tangible reinforcement on a set of four different intelligence test measures for 72 trainable mentally retarded children was investigated in this paper, where the Lorge-Thorndike vocabulary, WISC arithmetic, picture arrangement, and comprehension subtests were administered.
Abstract: The effects of tangible reinforcement on a set of four different intelligence test measures for 72 trainable mentally retarded children was investigated. Performance under a standard and reinforced (M & M) condition, differences in split-half reliability, power estimates, as well as the effect size resulting from treatments, were considered. The Lorge-Thorndike vocabulary, WISC Arithmetic, Picture Arrangement, and Comprehension subtests were administered. Reinforced administration resulted in significantly superior performance on all but the Comprehension test, although magnitude of treatment effects was low. Reliabilities under the reinforced condition were higher for all but the Lorge-Thorndike measures. Confidence bounded effect sizes even at their maximal value did not result in “meaningful” differences in performance, however.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found that subjects with noncooperative partners (i.e., those who refused to use high shocks) suggested less intense shock than subjects with cooperative partners and that aggressive suggestions increased as a function of increasing attack from the opponent when partners were cooperative, but not when uncooperative.
Abstract: Forty females suggested which shock intensity a partner should set for an opponent in a reaction time competition. Results re vealed subjects with noncooperative partners (i.e., those who refused to use high shocks) suggested less intense shock than subjects with cooperative partners and that aggressive suggestions increased as a function of increasing attack from the opponent when partners were cooperative, but not when uncooperative. However, sex of the partner did not influence instigative aggression.
TL;DR: Comparison of the poor readers with control groups matched for IQ and sex gave only minimal evidence for WISC subtest patterns as characteristic of poor readers.
Abstract: The WISC and Spache Reading Diagnostic Scales were administered to 119 third-grade children. Groups of reading disabled children were selected by three objective methods (Below Grade Level, Bond and Tinker, and the Erickson Z-score Discrepancy). The Below Grade Level and Bond and Tinker methods tended to identify the same children whose IQs and reading achievement scores were below average. The Z-score method identified children with IQs at or above the group average. Comparison of the poor readers with control groups matched for IQ and sex gave only minimal evidence for WISC subtest patterns as characteristic of poor readers.
TL;DR: In this article, the purpose was to determine thiamin and riboflavin retention in retail cuts of turkey, beef, and pork, either wrapped in cooking film or unwrapped.
Abstract: The purpose was to determine thiamin and riboflavin retention in retail cuts of turkey, beef, and pork, either wrapped in cooking film or unwrapped. Five replications of roasting meats by electric, gas, or electronic heat were made. Moisture content of all samples was determined and thiamin and riboflavin analyses were made by standard fluorometric procedures. Shear force values were recorded from cores taken in three positions of a cooked sample. Data were analyzed by three-way analysis of variance.
Conventional cooking required five times the cooking time used for electronic cooking. Wrapping of meats increased cooking losses with conventional ovens; however, moisture losses from meats cooked unwrapped by electronic heat were significantly higher than by any other method.
Thiamin and riboflavin retention of the cooked meats did not vary significantly whether the samples were cooked wrapped or unwrapped. Shear force values appeared lowest in meats cooked in film by electric heat; values differed according to the position in the cut.
TL;DR: The melts of p-n-butyloxy and hexylxyaniline hydrochlorides exhibit smectic liquid crystallinity as discussed by the authors, and the methoxy, ethoxy and n-propyloxy homologs are not mesomorphic.
Abstract: The melts of p-n-butyloxy - and hexylxyaniline hydrochlorides exhibit smectic liquid crystallinity. The methoxy, ethoxy and n-propyloxy homologs are not mesomorphic.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that narrow statistical relevance does not provide an adequate basis for explanatory classification, and that explanatory classification must provide at least a partial account of the nature of a thing and such an account will generally go beyond what is required as a basis for correct expectation.
Abstract: Numerous philosophers, among them Carl G. Hempel and Wesley C. Salmon, have attempted to explicate the notion of explanatory relevance in terms of the statistical relevance of various properties of an individual to the explanandum property itself (or what is here called narrow statistical relevance). This approach seems plausible if one assumes that to explain an occurrence is to show that it was to be expected or to exhibit its degree of expectability and the factors which influence its expectability. But considerations of narrow statistical relevance do not provide an adequate basis for explanatory classification, and the aforementioned views of explanation are accordingly mistaken. Explanatory classification must provide at least a partial account of the nature of a thing, and such an account will generally go beyond what is required as a basis for correct expectation.
TL;DR: In this article, 28 preschool children were trained in letter discrimination using three different types of matching-to-sample alternatives: (1) highconfusion alternatives; (2) low-confusion alternative; or (3) a sequence of low-, middle-, and high-confusions alternatives.
Abstract: Within Gibson's framework of teaching children to discriminate the distinctive features of letters, 28 preschool children were trained in letter discrimination using three different types of matching-to-sample alternatives: (1) high-confusion alternatives; (2) low-confusion alternatives; or (3) a sequence of low-, middle-, and high-confusion alternatives. On posttest 1, given after a criterion of two consecutive errorless training days, only the high-confusion and sequence groups significantly improved over their pretest scores as compared with the no-treatment control group. On posttest 2, however, given after a standard number of 20 training days, the performance of all three training groups, including low-confusion, was superior to the control group; no differences were found among the three training groups. The implications of these and other findings for letter discrimination training were discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an excellent anthology of papers relevant to the measurement and evaluation of efforts to promote the rehabilitation of clients who are defective or disabled in various ways, including mental retardation and psychiatric disorders.
Abstract: This is an excellent anthology of papers relevant to the measurement and evaluation of efforts to promote the rehabilitation of clients who are defective or disabled in various ways, including mental retardation and psychiatric disorders. Excellent discussions are given of the various ways that test and other measurement data should be used in counseling. The fundamentals of measurement are comprehensively explained. These include scores and norms, types of reliability and validity estimates, extensive reviews of numerous instruments: intelligence tests, interest inventories, and projective techniques. The book as a whole is a notable text in the general fields of measurement and evaluation.