Showing papers by "University of North Carolina at Greensboro published in 1985"
TL;DR: Heuristique de mesure de similitudes ponderees appliquée au probleme du groupement des machines en cellules dans la technologie de groupe as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Heuristique de mesure de similitudes ponderees appliquee au probleme du groupement des machines en cellules dans la technologie de groupe
165 citations
TL;DR: A survey of the literature on the concepts of Group Technology can be found in this article, where the authors categorize these topics in a natural manner, and link the processes, technology and experiences together.
Abstract: The recent use of the Group Technology concept of grouping parts into ‘families’ has received much notice due to the integration of this technique with the varied technologies of computer integrated manufacturing. This is but one of the facets of Group Technology, which is essentially a set of techniques and operating policies designed to improve the operational efficiency of manufacturing. With the exception of the parts grouping concept, the many facets of Group Technology have been largely neglected. This paper presents a survey of the literature on the concepts of Group Technology, attempts to categorize these topics in a natural manner, and link the processes, technology and experiences together. This paper reviews the problems addressed and the optimal and heuristic solution methodologies suggested in the literature. The conclusion indicate various areas and topics for future research/implementation activities.
133 citations
TL;DR: In this article, eight 50-word vignettes which portrayed either psychosocial or vocational mentoring functions were presented to 144 college students who rated the desirability of each function on a scale of 1 to 7.
Abstract: Eight 50-word vignettes which portrayed either psychosocial or vocational mentoring functions were presented to 144 college students who rated the desirability of each function on a scale of 1 to 7. A principal axis factor analysis with oblique rotation yielded two factors, one on which the psychosocial functions loaded more heavily (and which accounted for 33.4% of the variance) and one on which the vocational functions loaded more heavily (and which accounted for an additional 5.9% of the variance). The results may help researchers formulate different questions about mentoring than the basic questions which have guided prior work.
107 citations
TL;DR: Overall, the two experiments make more plausible the view that self-reinforcement procedures work by setting a socially available standard against which performance can be evaluated.
Abstract: Two studies were conducted to identify mechanisms responsible for observed "self-reinforcement" effects. In Experiment 1, using a studying task, self-reinforcement procedures did not work when they were private (i.e., when others are not aware of the goals or contingencies), but did work when they were public. Self-delivery of consequences added nothing to the effectiveness of the procedure. The data suggested that public goal setting was the critical element in the procedure's effectiveness. In Experiment 2, an applied extension, goal setting alone was effective in modifying over a long time period studying behaviors of people with significant studying difficulties, but only when the goals were known to others. Overall, the two experiments make more plausible the view that self-reinforcement procedures work by setting a socially available standard against which performance can be evaluated. The procedure itself functions as a discriminative stimulus for stringent or lenient social contingencies. The application of this mechanism to other problems of applied significance is briefly discussed.
79 citations
TL;DR: A study of battered women found that they experience stress from multiple sources but are deficient in coping skills; both men and women involved in marital violence fail to use problem-solving skills as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A study of battered women found that they experience stress from multiple sources but are deficient in coping skills; both men and women involved in marital violence fail to use problem-solving str...
75 citations
70 citations
TL;DR: This paper found that concrete and abstract sentences were remembered equally well when they were presented in paragraph order, and when presented in random order, the usual 2:1 recall advantage for concrete materials was observed.
63 citations
TL;DR: A generally stressful life context was more influential in the experience of perimenstrual symptoms than episodes of stressful experiences during a particular menstrual cycle phase.
Abstract: Major life events and daily stressors have been associated with women's experience of perimenstrual symptoms (PS). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of major life events and daily stressors to PS. Seventy-four women between 18 and 35 years of age kept daily recordings of stressors and symptoms for 2 months after which they completed the Schedule of Recent Events and the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ). Major life events were associated with PS reports on the MDQ but not with symptoms reported in the daily health diary. Daily stressors were more influential in perimenstrual symptoms than the cumulation of major life events. Moreover, a generally stressful life context was more influential in the experience of perimenstrual symptoms than episodes of stressful experiences during a particular menstrual cycle phase.
60 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a sample of 392 pictures of children with toys in 12 toy catalogs and 538 pictures of toddlers with toys on toy packages in four retail stores was coded according to toy type and sex of children shown.
Abstract: Forty-eight categories of toys were rated in terms of sex appropriateness by 48 students. A sample of 392 pictures of children with toys in 12 toy catalogs and 538 pictures of children with toys on toy packages in four retail stores was coded according to toy type and sex(es) of children shown. The rated sex stereotype of the toy category proved to be very strongly related to the sex(es) of the children shown with the toy in catalogs (r=.89) and on toy packages (r=.87). Toys rated as moderately sex typed by raters were just as strongly stereotyped in toy advertisements as those rated as strongly sex typed.
51 citations
TL;DR: The transition to cognitive theories and assumptions about learning which began in psychology a quarter of a century ago are slowly being implemented in the practice of educational technology as discussed by the authors, and instructional procedures need to be concerned with how learners are processing the information they contain.
Abstract: The transition to cognitive theories and assumptions about learning which began in psychology a quarter of a century ago are slowly being implemented in the practice of educational technology. Educational technology and instructional design are also in transition. Although the descriptive bases of educational technologies are accepted to be in cognitive psychology, the practical, predictive implications of it that form the processes of educational technologies are not obvious. However, the trend is ineluctable. The failure to provide generalizable instructional techniques and media has forced us to shift our emphasis from what we do to what the learners do. Instructional procedures need to be concerned with how learners are processing the information they contain. Educational technologies need to become learner‐oriented. Our task is to improve learners’ integration and reorganization of knowledge ‐‐ not simply to convey material or control behaviour. The goal of new technologies, such as learning...
50 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that in the natural situation, where potentially interfering social stimulation is provided by siblings, continual exposure to the mother may be necessary to maintain the maternal bond even after it has been established.
Abstract: If Peking ducklings are given social experience with agemates after their initial exposure to a maternal imprinting model (a stuffed mallard hen) their subsequent maternal preferences in simultaneous choice tests are different from those of isolate-reared ducklings. Early in development (at 48 hr after hatching), they show a visual preference for the mallard over a redhead model, a difficult discrimination that isolated birds do not make (Experiment I). However, later in development (at 72 hr after hatching) the social experience interferes with the birds' maternal preferences, in that socially reared birds do not show a visual preference for the mallard over a pintail model, a preference that isolated birds do show at that age (Experiment II). It was found that it is the later social experience with agemates (between 48 and 72 hr) that actively interferes with the preference for the mallard model, because birds that have had only early social experience with agemates (between 24 and 48 hr) prefer the familiar mallard to the pintail model at both 48 and 72 hr (Experiment III). The conventional view of visual imprinting is that it serves to establish a maternal bond that does not require further experience with the mother to be maintained. Our results suggest that in the natural situation, where potentially interfering social stimulation is provided by siblings, continual exposure to the mother may be necessary to maintain the maternal bond even after it has been established.
TL;DR: In this paper, three major areas of stress, Physical/Psychological Threat, Evaluation Systems, and Lack of Support were identified in police officers via factor analysis, which were related to bureau, age, years...
Abstract: Three major areas of stress, Physical/Psychological Threat, Evaluation Systems, and Lack of Support were identified in police officers via factor analysis. These were related to bureau, age, years ...
TL;DR: These and other results supported previous suggestions that memory for metaphor involves wholistic representations akin to metaphoric grounds and revealed consistent differences in the roles of several variables in comprehension and memory for metaphors.
Abstract: Three experiments investigated how metaphors are represented in memory and the effects on memory of variables known to affect metaphor comprehension. Ten theoretically relevant dimensions were examined. In Experiments 1 and 2, free recall across a variety of orienting tasks was consistently and positively predicted by the rated imageability of metaphoric topics (sentence subjects) and the rated number of interpretations for each metaphor. The number of interpretations effect was reversed in the cued recall task of Experiment 3, as metaphors with fewer interpretations were remembered better. These and other results supported previous suggestions that memory for metaphor involves wholistic representations akin to metaphoric grounds. They also revealed consistent differences in the roles of several variables in comprehension and memory for metaphor.
TL;DR: While recent legislation provides the legal basis for the development of American export trading companies, the law leaves decisions regarding operating characteristics and export services to the p... as mentioned in this paper, the authors of this paper
Abstract: While recent legislation provides the legal basis for the development of American export trading companies, the law leaves decisions regarding operating characteristics and export services to the p...
TL;DR: This paper found that the quality of public schooling, as measured by reading achievement, is a strong, statistically significant determinant of community housing values, independent of student racial mix or socioeconomic background.
Abstract: This paper provides further evidence on the relationship between public schools and housing values. Drawing on data from the Los Angeles and San Francisco areas, the paper presents estimates of an Oates-type model of community housing values. Included in the model are measures of both student achievement and racial composition. The quality of public schooling, as measured by reading achievement, is found to be a strong, statistically significant determinant of community housing values, independent of student racial mix or socioeconomic background. Estimates of the model suggest that changes in achievement scores have substantial impacts on community housing values.
TL;DR: In this paper, a sample of 204 poetic metaphors was rated along 10 scales by 300 participants (30 different people for each of the scales) and the scales were identical to ones previously used in a study involving ratings of artificially constructed metaphors, and were chosen on the basis of their relevance to current models of metaphor processing.
Abstract: A sample of 204 poetic metaphors was rated along 10 scales by 300 participants (30 different people for each of the scales). The scales were identical to ones previously used in a study involving ratings of artificially constructed metaphors, and were chosen on the basis of their relevance to current models of metaphor processing. Three major findings emerged. First, the overall pattern of findings was identical to the one obtained earlier using constructed metaphors, and aspects of it provided support for each major metaphor model without completely onfirming any one of them. Models that attribute an important role to perceptual like processes provided the most successful fit to the data. Second, all of the 10 scales were positively intercorrelated, although the correlations were generally moderate enough to permit independent experimental manipulations of the variables defined by the different scales. These results, too, are similar to those obtained earlier with constructed metaphors. Third, we identify and discuss some suggestive differences between the results of the two studies.
TL;DR: A one-step silylation reaction using triethoxysilylpropyl-p-nitrobenzamide is shown to produce nitrobenZamide silica gel (NBSG) and azo-coupled material equivalent to that obtained by the former two-step process, and significant time saving is realized.
TL;DR: In this article, the theoretical and empirical support available for retention and social promotion of the exceptional child is examined, with a special reference to the exceptional children, and a review and commentary is provided.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper was to examine the theoretical and empirical support available for retention and social promotion, with special reference to the exceptional child. A review and commentary...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the intertemporal behavior of economic profits and found evidence of profit rate adjustment patterns roughly consistent with neoclassical theory for negative profits in some but not all cases.
TL;DR: Voluntary diving is not accompanied by any reduction in standard metabolic rate; these results and those of others suggest that the "diving reflex" of alligators is probably employed only in emergencies.
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: The basic premise of this text is that maximally effective clinical intervention is dependent upon an accurate understanding of the factors that cause and maintain disordered behavior.
Abstract: The basic premise of this text is that maximally effective clinical intervention is dependent upon an accurate understanding of the factors that cause and maintain disordered behavior. Despite the presentation of this clinical position over two decades ago (Wolpe, 1958), professional obsession with treatment technology has predominated.
TL;DR: Iridium complexes have been found to be active as catalysts for hydrosilylation reactions, especially for those involving 1,3-dienes and 1-alkynes.
TL;DR: The hypothesis that thermal acclimation necessarily exerts the same effect on resting metabolism and on aerobic and anaerobic activity metabolism in Anolis carolinensis and Sceloporus jarrovi, diurnally active iguanid lizards, is tested.
TL;DR: When muted hatchlings were exposed to the rates typical of the postnatal period, or even the more widely variable rates of the embryonic period, they failed to show a preference for the normal maternal call at 24 or 48 h after hatching; the precise developmental linkage involves maturational stage as well as the representativeness of the stimulation.
TL;DR: A second portion of this study lent support to the social-skills deficit and physical attractiveness models of social inadequacy, which tended to be less attractive than their skilled counterparts.
TL;DR: Far from being an exceptional aspect of development, apparently nonliteral language should be considered a fundamental tool in the young child's construction of both internal and external worlds (McCune-Nicolich, 1981).
Abstract: Consideration of the age-related changes in children's language and cognitive development suggests qualitative changes in their creative language use. Many, if not most, researchers in the area have argued that some metaphoric competence emerges far earlier than would be expected on the basis of explanation or interpretation tasks alone. These same researchers, however, appear largely to have neglected consideration of the cognitive prerequisites for such abilities and differences between what is nonliteral for the adult and nonliteral for the child. If figurative language is defined as involving intentional violation of conceptual boundaries in order to highlight some correspondence, one must be sure that children credited with that competence have (1) the metacognitive and metalinguistic abilities to understand at least some of the implications of such language (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980; Nelson, 1974; Nelson & Nelson, 1978), (2) a conceptual organization that entails the purportedly violated conceptual boundaries (Lange, 1978), and (3) some notion of metaphoric tension as well as ground. Having stacked the definitional cards, we doubt that many investigators would assert that 2-year-old children at nonverbal symbolic play are doing anything that is literally metaphorical in our terms. But neither will we deny that one can observe creative components in the verbal and nonverbal play of the young child that are precursors of later nonliteral language skills (see McCune-Nicolich, 1981, for discussion). We simply do not see these creative abilities as specific to language in any way that justifies calling them metaphoric competence. Rather, the child's abilities to deal flexibly with the world, to "play" with possible alternative organizations of it, and to see similarity in diversity represent the bases of subsequent cognitive as well as language development. Far from being an exceptional aspect of development, apparently nonliteral language should be considered a fundamental tool in the young child's construction of both internal and external worlds (McCune-Nicolich, 1981; Vygotsky, 1978). If one is willing to accept that children's conceptual organization might not match that of adults, then what is appropriately called nonliteral language in the young child must be reexamined. We find it strange that researchers acknowledge differences, for example, in children's notions of animacy, and yet assume that errors of animacy attribution are figurative constructions indicative of an ability to supercede a level of analysis the child does not have.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
TL;DR: The language flexibility and creativity of deaf children was investigated by having four deaf and four hearing 12-15-year-olds generate stories to experimenter-supplied themes and subjects here showed considerable use of creative language devices when evaluated in sign rather than vocal language.
Abstract: The language flexibilty and creativity of deaf children was investigated by having four deaf and four hearing 12–15-year-olds generate stories to experimenter-supplied themes. These were videotaped...
TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis of sterically hindered isocyanide, 2,6-di-isopropyl-phenylisocyanides, was described.