Institution
University of North Carolina at Greensboro
Education•Greensboro, North Carolina, United States•
About: University of North Carolina at Greensboro is a education organization based out in Greensboro, North Carolina, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 5481 authors who have published 13715 publications receiving 456239 citations. The organization is also known as: UNCG & UNC Greensboro.
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01 Jan 2010TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the nature of self-efficacy beliefs of individuals and show how it is embedded within a theory of personal and collective agency that helps regulate human well-being and attainment.
Abstract: This article describes the nature of the self-efficacy beliefs of individuals. Following a brief overview of social cognitive theory, we define self-efficacy and show how it is embedded within a theory of personal and collective agency that helps regulate human well-being and attainment. Self-efficacy is distinguished from related conceptions of personal competence, and the sources and effects of self-efficacy beliefs are identified. We trace the familial, social, and educational influences on self-efficacy development, and conclude with an overview of empirical results that address the relationship between self-efficacy beliefs and academic motivation and achievement.
122 citations
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TL;DR: The authors identified two paths from threats to disagreement: threats to attitudinal freedom directly motivate disagreement; negative cognitive responses mediate the threat's effect on disagreement, and two experiments demonstrated the causes and consequences of each path from threat to persuasion.
Abstract: Many experiments show that threats to attitudinal freedom create reactance, but the underlying dynamics of reactance-based disagreement have not received much attention. The present experiments identified two paths from threats to disagreement. In one path, threats to attitudinal freedom directly motivate disagreement; in the other, negative cognitive responses mediate the threat’s effect on disagreement. Two experiments demonstrated the causes and consequences of each path from threat to persuasion. When a communicator threatened freedom at the beginning of the message, unfavorable cognitive responses (counterarguing, negative perceptions of the source’s credibility) fully mediated the effect of threat on disagreement. When the threat appeared at the end of the message, however, threat had a direct, unmediated effect on disagreement (Experiment 1). The two paths had different consequences for sleeper effects: disagreement rooted in negative cognitive responses persisted, whereas disagreement directly motivated by the threat declined when the threat was removed (Experiment 2). Implications for reactance and for threat-based sleeper effects are discussed.
122 citations
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Smithsonian Environmental Research Center1, Johns Hopkins University2, Marquette University3, University of Minnesota4, Eastern Michigan University5, Wichita State University6, University of North Carolina at Greensboro7, Virginia Institute of Marine Science8, University of Wyoming9, Qatar University10, New Mexico State University11, VU University Amsterdam12, Southern Illinois University Carbondale13, University of Maryland, College Park14, United States Department of Agriculture15, University of Bayreuth16, The Wilderness Society17, Kansas State University18, Institut national de la recherche agronomique19, University of Central Florida20, University of Alberta21, Archbold Biological Station22, University of Colorado Boulder23, James Hutton Institute24, University of Buenos Aires25, Stanford University26, Northwest A&F University27, University of New Mexico28, Lanzhou University29, University of Oulu30, Queensland University of Technology31, University of Kansas32, Towson University33, Michigan State University34, University of Oregon35, Chinese Academy of Sciences36, University of Tasmania37, Jönköping University38, Norwegian University of Life Sciences39, Colorado State University40, University of Greifswald41, Northern Arizona University42, University of Kentucky43, University of Texas at El Paso44, La Trobe University45, University of Houston46, Charles Sturt University47, University of Sydney48, University of Manchester49, Arizona State University50, Leiden University51, University of Oklahoma52, University of California, Santa Cruz53, Oregon State University54, University of British Columbia55, Inner Mongolia University56, Utrecht University57, Georgia Institute of Technology58
TL;DR: An unprecedented global synthesis of over 100 experiments that manipulated factors linked to GCDs shows that herbaceous plant community responses depend on experimental manipulation length and number of factors manipulated, and finds that plant communities are fairly resistant to experimentally manipulated G CDs in the short term.
Abstract: Global change drivers (GCDs) are expected to alter community structure and consequently, the services that ecosystems provide. Yet, few experimental investigations have examined effects of GCDs on plant community structure across multiple ecosystem types, and those that do exist present conflicting patterns. In an unprecedented global synthesis of over 100 experiments that manipulated factors linked to GCDs, we show that herbaceous plant community responses depend on experimental manipulation length and number of factors manipulated. We found that plant communities are fairly resistant to experimentally manipulated GCDs in the short term (<10 y). In contrast, long-term (≥10 y) experiments show increasing community divergence of treatments from control conditions. Surprisingly, these community responses occurred with similar frequency across the GCD types manipulated in our database. However, community responses were more common when 3 or more GCDs were simultaneously manipulated, suggesting the emergence of additive or synergistic effects of multiple drivers, particularly over long time periods. In half of the cases, GCD manipulations caused a difference in community composition without a corresponding species richness difference, indicating that species reordering or replacement is an important mechanism of community responses to GCDs and should be given greater consideration when examining consequences of GCDs for the biodiversity–ecosystem function relationship. Human activities are currently driving unparalleled global changes worldwide. Our analyses provide the most comprehensive evidence to date that these human activities may have widespread impacts on plant community composition globally, which will increase in frequency over time and be greater in areas where communities face multiple GCDs simultaneously.
122 citations
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TL;DR: A study of wellness among 263 graduate students in counseling revealed that counseling students experienced greater wellness than the general population; however, significant within-group variability existed. as discussed by the authors reported significantly greater wellness in most areas measured by the Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle (J. E. Myers, T. Sweeney, & J. M. Witmer, 1996).
Abstract: A study of wellness among 263 graduate students in counseling revealed that counseling students experienced greater wellness than the general population; however, significant within-group variability existed. Doctoral students reported significantly greater wellness in most areas measured by the Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle (J. E. Myers, T. J. Sweeney, & J. M. Witmer, 1996) as compared with entry-level students. Moderate effect resulted for Sense of Control, Intellectual Stimulation, Work, and Total Wellness. Students who were not Caucasian reported greater wellness in Cultural Identity than did Caucasian counseling students.
122 citations
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TL;DR: Cellulose pellicles provided significant protection to A. xylinum cells from the killing effects of UV light and provided protection from competitors which use the same substrate as a source of nutrients.
Abstract: The cellulose-producing bacterium Acetobacter xylinum has been considered a strict aerobe, and it has been suggested that the function of cellulose is to hold cells in an aerobic environment. In this study, we showed that A. xylinum is capable of growing microaerophilically. Cellulose pellicles provided significant protection to A. xylinum cells from the killing effects of UV light. In experiments measuring colonization by A. xylinum, molds, and other bacteria on pieces of apple, cellulose pellicles enhanced colonization of A. xylinum on the substrate and provided protection from competitors which use the same substrate as a source of nutrients. Cellulose pellicles produced by A. xylinum may have multiple functions in the growth and survival of the organism in nature.
122 citations
Authors
Showing all 5571 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Douglas E. Soltis | 127 | 612 | 67161 |
John C. Wingfield | 122 | 509 | 52291 |
Laurence Steinberg | 115 | 403 | 70047 |
Patrick Y. Wen | 109 | 838 | 52845 |
Mark T. Greenberg | 107 | 529 | 49878 |
Steven C. Hayes | 106 | 450 | 51556 |
Edward McAuley | 105 | 451 | 45948 |
Roberto Cabeza | 94 | 252 | 36726 |
K. Ranga Rama Krishnan | 90 | 299 | 26112 |
Barry J. Zimmerman | 88 | 177 | 56011 |
Michael K. Reiter | 84 | 380 | 30267 |
Steven R. Feldman | 83 | 1227 | 37609 |
Charles E. Schroeder | 82 | 234 | 26466 |
Dale H. Schunk | 81 | 162 | 45909 |
Kim D. Janda | 79 | 731 | 26602 |