University of North Carolina at Greensboro

About: University of North Carolina at Greensboro is a education organization based out in Greensboro, North Carolina, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 5481 authors who have published 13715 publications receiving 456239 citations. The organization is also known as: UNCG & UNC Greensboro.

Development of an in vitro digestion method to assess carotenoid bioavailability from meals.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to develop a model for assessing the bioavailability of carotenoids from meals using an in vitro digestion procedure. A meal was prepared using baby food carrots, spinach, and a meat, plus tomato paste. The aqueous fraction was isolated from digesta to determine the quantity of carotenoids transferred from the food to micelles. The micellarization of lutein (25-40%) exceeded (p < 0.01) that of alpha- and beta-carotene (12-18%) and lycopene (<0.5%). Micellarization of carotenoids was not affected by elimination of the gastric phase of the digestive process. The absence of bile extract prevented the transfer of carotenoids from foods to micelles, whereas omission of pancreatin only reduced the micellarization of the carotenes. Differentiated cultures of Caco-2 human intestinal cells accumulated 28-46% of micellarized carotenoids from the medium after 6 h. These results support the usefulness of the in vitro digestion process as a rapid and cost-effective model for screening the bioavailability of carotenoids from meals.

What is interesting? Exploring the appraisal structure of interest.

Abstract: Relative to other emotions, interest is poorly understood. On the basis of theories of appraisal process and structure, it was predicted that interest consists of appraisals of novelty (factors related to unfamiliarity and complexity) and appraisals of coping potential (the ability to understand the new, complex thing). Four experiments, using in vivo rather than retrospective methods, supported this appraisal structure. The findings were general across measured and manipulated appraisals, interesting stimuli (random polygons, visual art, poetry), and measures of interest (self-reports, forced-choice, behavioral measures). Furthermore, the appraisal structure was specific to interest (it did not predict enjoyment, a related positive emotion), and appraisals predicted interest beyond relevant traits (curiosity, openness). The appraisal perspective offers a powerful way of construing the causes of interest.

The Search for "Optimal" Cutoff Properties: Fit Index Criteria in Structural Equation Modeling

Abstract: . This study is a partial replication of L. Hu and P. M. Bentler's (1999) fit criteria work. The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to determine whether cut-off values vary according to which model is the true population model for a dataset and (b) to identify which of 13 fit indexes behave optimally by retaining all of the correct models while simultaneously rejecting all of the misspecified models in a manner invariant across sample size and data distribution. The authors found that for most indexes the results do not vary depending on which model serves as the correct model. Furthermore, the search for an optimal cut-off value led to a new discovery about the nature of McDonald's measure of centrality and the root mean square error of approximation. Unlike all other indexes considered in this study, the cut-off value of both indexes actually decreases for incorrect models as sample size increases. This may suggest that power calculations are more likely to be optimal when based on those ind...

The development of self-control of emotion: Intrinsic and extrinsic influences.

Abstract: In this paper, we review evidence that supports the notion that intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to the development of self-control of emotions. Intrinsic factors include the infant's temperament, and cognitive processes such as attention and inhibitory control. Extrinsic factors involve the caregiving environment, sibling and peer relationships, and cultural expectations regarding emotional displays. Integrative approaches to the study of the development of self-control of emotion will be most fruitful if investigations examine the interplay, over time, among these internal and external factors.

Equivalence class formation in language-able and language-disabled children.

Abstract: Stimulus equivalence seems to have relevance to the study of semantics and of language more generally. If so, there may be a relation between language use and the demonstration of stimulus equivalence. This was examined in three groups of children ranging in chronological age and matched on a conventional measure of mental age: normally developing preschoolers, retarded children who used speech or signs spontaneously and appropriately, and retarded children who did not. All children were taught a series of four related discriminations and were then tested to determine if classes of equivalent stimuli had formed. All of the language-able children (retarded and normal) formed equivalence classes, whereas none of the language-disabled children did so. Although the exact nature of the relation between stimulus equivalence and language remains to be clarified, these results support the view that stimulus equivalence is a phenomenon with relevance to language.