Showing papers by "University of North Texas published in 1980"
TL;DR: The results indicate that while greater mean male height is associated with polygynous marriage, marriage practices did not exert an influence on the degree of sexual dimorphism of stature, and suggest that while sexualDimorphism in height has a strong genetic component, dietary factors can influence the degree.
Abstract: In this study, which is concerned with the varying degrees of sexual dimorphism of stature between human societies, adult male and female height measurements and male-female height ratios – the measure of sexual dimorphism – from 216 societies are statistically compared with several variables: marriage practices, protein availability, the presence of milking herds, settlement size, and climate. Our results indicate that while greater mean male height is associated with polygynous marriage, marriage practices did not exert an influence on the degree of sexual dimorphism of stature. On the other hand, the results suggest that while sexual dimorphism in height has a strong genetic component, dietary factors can influence the degree of dimorphism.
163 citations
95 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that as the dating relationship progresses, the relative difference in attractiveness between partners may become a more important determinant of attraction than overall level of attractiveness.
Abstract: Measures of physical attractiveness, romantic love, and dominance were given to a sample of 123 dating couples. Contrary to expectation, attractive subjects were not loved more than those judged as less attractive. As suggested by equity theory, however, subjects who believed that their partners were the more attractive member of the dyad loved their partners more (p < .05) and indicated greater submission in their relationships (p < .01) than those who believed that they were the more attractive member. The results suggest that as the dating relationship progresses, the relative difference in attractiveness between partners may become a more important determinant of attraction than overall level of attractiveness.
76 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship between competitive trait anxiety (CTA), state anxiety, and golf performance in a field setting and found that low, moderate, and high CTA collegiate golfers (N = 30) performed in a practice round on Day 1 and Day 2 of a competitive tournament.
Abstract: The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the relationship between competitive trait anxiety (CTA), state anxiety, and golf performance in a field setting. Ten low, moderate, and high CTA collegiate golfers (N = 30) performed in a practice round on Day 1 and Day 2 of a competitive tournament. State anxiety results indicated a significant CTA main effect with low CTA subjects displaying lower state anxiety than moderate or high CTA subjects. The competition main effect was also significant, with post hoc tests indicating higher levels of state anxiety during Day 1 and Day 2 than during the practice round. Performance results produced a significant CTA main effect with low CTA subjects displaying higher levels of performance than moderate or high CTA subjects. Correlations between SCAT and state anxiety indicated that SCAT was a good predictor of precompetitive state anxiety. The direction of state anxiety and performance CTA main effects provide support for Oxendine's (1970) contentions tha...
65 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss Affirmative Action in Higher Education and its role in the success of affirmative action in higher education, and present a survey of the available evidence.
Abstract: (1980). Affirmative Action in Higher Education. The Educational Forum: Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 204-210.
62 citations
50 citations
TL;DR: Shelton and Mahoney as mentioned in this paper found that half the weight lifters were instructed to ''psych themselves up'' while control subjects were asked to count backwards by sevens from a four-digit number.
Abstract: The importance of organismic or internal variables, as determinants of motor behavior is becoming increasingly recognized in both the psychological (Bandura, 1977a,b; Mahoney, 1974; Meichenbaum, 1977; Weiner, 1972) and the sport psychological (Fisher, 1976a,b; Mahoney, 1978; Nideffer, 1976a,b) literature. To date, however, only one study (Shelton & Mahoney, 1978) has been conducted to specifically investigate the effects of psyching up on motor performance. In empirically testing this relationship, Shelton and Mahoney measured the grip strength of 30 Olympic-style weight lifters using a hand dynamometer. Half the weight lifters were instructed to \"psych themselves up\" while control subjects were asked to count backwards by sevens from a four-digit number. Results indicated that those lifters who were told to \"psych up\" showed dramatic increases in performance, whereas control subjects actually showed a decrement in performance. Although Shelton and Mahoney (1978) have provided some initial data confirming the hypothesized facilitating effect of psyching up on performance, further research is needed. Psyching up facilitated performance on a strength task, but does psyching up influence performance on other types of tasks as well? The present investigation was designed to determine the generality of \"psych-up\" effects on motor task performance involving speed, strength, and balance and to gather exploratory data on the specific types of \"psych-up\" techniques subjects most commonly employed. Three
50 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study of communication apprehension (CA) impact in the instructional environment is extended through examination of all three CA levels relative to various performance situations in a basic communication course.
Abstract: The study of communication apprehension (CA) impact in the instructional environment is extended through examination of all three CA levels relative to various performance situations in a basic communication course. Results indicate significant differences in achievement indices between all three CA groups on final course grade and the first two of four performance assignments. Moderate and high CA groups were not significantly different from each other on the third and fourth performance tasks. Low and high CA groups were significantly different in all performance areas. No differences were indicated between CA groups on the final examination. Results are discussed relative to the naturalistic nature of the study.
43 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the educational, occupational, and familial behavior a panel of sixty-four women exhibited during the first seven years following their college gradua tion, compared with the aspirations they held as seniors in college.
Abstract: This report describes the educational, occupational, and familial behavior a panel of sixty-four women exhibited during the first seven yearsfollowing their college gradua tion. Their career patterns are compared with the aspirations they held as seniors in college. The findings reveal high consistency between senior aspirations and actual behavior on some items, e.g., mariage and graduate school, but less consistency on others, including occupational choice. Generally the women worked more often and had children less frequently than they had anticipated. The actual life style patterns of these women and their aspirations for the future result from the fact that women pursue a contingency strategy in organizing their adult lives.
40 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Asiatic clam, Corbicula fluminea, was found to be more toxic to copper than zinc, and exhibited gaping response and cessation of filtering activity when copper bioaccumulation in the viscera.
Abstract: Population densities of the Asiatic clam, Corbicula fluminea, in the thermally influenced areas of the New River at the Glen Lyn power plant, Glen Lyn, Va., increased from zero before 1975 to approximately 11 522/m 2 by February 1978. Since their establishment, clams in the thermal effluent have served as a source of propagules for clam invasion into other areas of the New River during the warmer seasons. Copper was more toxic (LC 5 0 = 0.04 ppm) to the clam than zinc (LC 5 0 = 6.04 ppm) or copper-zinc simultaneously (LC 5 0 = 0.05 ppm) in 96-h static bioassays. Ninety-six-h LC 5 0 determinations in artificial stream bioassays were at least one order of magnitude higher when compared with the static test values (the LC 5 0 values for copper and copper-zinc combined were 0.49 and 3.06 ppm, respectively). The LC 5 0 values appeared also to be the effective concentration at which at least 50 percent of the clams demonstrated a gaping response and cessation of filtering activity. Elemental bioaccumulation of copper and zinc was more prevalent in the visceral tissue than in concentrations measured from clam valves or from the water in both laboratory bioassays and field determinations. When copper bioaccumulation in the viscera increased to approximately 275 to 400 ppm, gaping and a lack of filtering activity were evident in 96-h tests. Behavioral mechanisms-cessation of filtering activity and the closure of valves during stress-were considered to be likely factors in producing the higher LC 5 0 values, when compared with other invertebrate responses.
39 citations
TL;DR: In aquatic culture systems, ponds, laboratory holding systems, sewage plant receiving waters and natural systems where animal biomass is high, nitrite can reach lethal and/or limiting levels particularly if imbalances occur in the relative abundances of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobactor.
Abstract: Nitrite (NO~) is an intermediate compound formed during nitrification of ammonia which is the major nitrogenous waste product of aquatic animals. When excreted into water ammonia is biologically converted as follows: Ammonia--(Nitrosomonas) > Nitrite~(Nitroba ctor) >Nitrate. In aquatic culture systems, ponds, laboratory holding systems, sewage plant receiving waters and natural systems where animal biomass is high, nitrite can reach lethal and/or limiting levels particularly if imbalances occur in the relative abundances of Nitrosomonas and Nitrobactor.
TL;DR: This paper used a one-way analysis of covariance design (N = 179) to investigate possible score bias on the MMPI among Blacks and Mexican-Americans who were receiving Aid to Families with Dependent Children.
Abstract: Used a one-way analysis of covariance design (N = 179) to investigate possible score bias on the MMPI among Blacks and Mexican-Americans who were receiving Aid to Families with Dependent Children. With education treated as a covariate, no significant differences were found between Black and Anglo Ss. The Mexican-American welfare recipients differed from the Anglo Ss on scales Lie, Masculinity-Femininity, and Hypomania, and from the Black Ss on scales Lie, K, and Hypomania. The suggestion was made that further attention needs to be paid to the interaction of race with economic and situational variables.
TL;DR: In this paper, the probability of finding a harmonic oscillator in the ground state is calculated in the conventional way and in a gauge-invariant way, and the results compared.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported the generation of a picosecond forward-traveling phase-conjugate wave at 1.06 μm in thin germanium samples by degenerate four-wave mixing.
TL;DR: In this article, the damped coupled oscillator model is used to study the Fermi resonance between the methyl stretching mode ( v s ) and the first overtone of the symmetric deformation (2δ s ) in methanol as a function of concentration in aqueous solution.
TL;DR: It was predicted that the effects on self-esteem of membership is the homosexual community are in part a function of alienation form the openness within the general community, as well as of the importance and degree of homosexual membership.
Abstract: It was predicted that the effects on self-esteem of membership is the homosexual community are in part a function of alienation form the openness within the general community, as well as of the importance and degree of homosexual membership. Scores were obtained for 35 homosexual males contracted though members of homophile organizations in Dallas, Texas. A multiple regression indicated that alienation and openness were most important in predicting self-esteem. When alienation and openness were held constant, self-esteem was found to be positively and significantly related to the importance to the individual of membership in the homosexual group. Degree of homosexuality did not affect self-esteem. Artifacts in attempting to measure this last variable are also discussed.
TL;DR: This paper examined the effects of race of examiner and type of reinforcement upon the WISC-R performance of lower-class black children and found that children given culturally relevant social reinforcement by a black examiner obtained significantly higher scores than did children given socially relevant reinforcement by the white examiner.
Abstract: This study examined the effects of race of examiner and type of reinforcement upon the WISC-R performance of lower-class black children. A total of 120 black males were selected and assigned to either a white or black examiner to form two groups. Within each group, children were given no reinforcement, tangible reinforcement, traditional social reinforcement, or culturally relevant social reinforcement after each correct response. Children given tangible rewards, regardless of race of examiner, obtained significantly higher scores than did children given no reinforcement or children given traditional social reinforcement. Also, children given culturally relevant social reinforcement by a black examiner obtained significantly higher scores than did children given culturally relevant reinforcement by the white examiner.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors exposit a major concept from descriptive set theory, inductive definability, and present some of the major results concerning inductive operators concerning Bore1 sets.
TL;DR: This paper showed that neither socioeconomic nor political structural variables can account for as much of the variation in public policy as socioeconomic and structural variables, and in the absence of competing variables or a theoretical justification for their exclusion, it is difficult to asses the ultimate merits of one or the other approach.
Abstract: Much of the comparative research on state and local politics and public policy has focused on the relative importance of socioeconomic and political structural variables.' Yet the results remain contradictory and inconclusive, in part, because different measures and methodologies produce different results.2 These studies also examine different policy areas at different times. But it is quite possible that variables found to be important in one policy field or time period may be more or less important in others. Moreover, the research abstracts only a narrow range of possible variables from the universe of political life and in the absence of competing variables or a theoretical justification for their exclusion, it is difficult to asses the ultimate merits of one or the other approach. At present, neither socioeconomic nor political structural variables-nor both-account for as much of the variation in public
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used Raman spectra of the molecules ethylene glycol and 2-chloroethanol in DMSO and water to determine the relative stabilities of the trans rotamers of the two alcohols.
Abstract: Conformational energy differences have been determined from Raman spectra of the molecules ethylene glycol and 2-chloroethanol in DMSO and water. It was found that solvent effects on the relative stabilities of the gauche and trans rotamers of the two alcohols differ significantly. In addition, it was observed from spectra in the O-H stretching region that, unlike 2-chloroethanol, there is no significant intramolecular hydrogen bond formation in ethylene glycol in the neat liquid phase. Neither molecule was found to form intramolecular hydrogen bonds in either of the solvents studied.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects that various cognicive strategies had on the tennis serves of advanced and beginning tennis players were evaluated using a 2 X 2 X 4 (sex by ability level by cognitive strategy) repeated measure design.
Abstract: Summary.--The present study was designed to determine the effects that various cognicive strategies had on the tennis serves of advanced and beginning tennis players. 20 male and 20 female players of high and low ability performed a standard serving test under four different cognitive strategies in a 2 X 2 X 4 (sex by ability level by cognitive strategy) repeated-measures design. The four cognitive strategies included imagery, positive self-efficacy statements, attentional focus, and a control condition in which the subjects prepared as they normally would. The results showed that none of the cognitive strategies facilitated performance; only the main effect of ability reached significance. The lack of any significant cognicive strategy effects is discussed in terms of the nature of the task and the need to examine the possibility of prior training in using cognitive strategies.
TL;DR: This article examined some of these dispositional questions through the lens of political culture, in particular the theory developed by Daniel J. Elazar which suggests that American political culture is essentially a compound of three political subcultures termed moralistic, individualistic, and traditionalistic.
Abstract: Just as Madison described the American political system as a compound republic, partly national and partly confederal, so too is the United States a compound civil society, partly melting pot and partly salad bowl. In many respects, the republic has become more of both since Madison's day. While forces of nationalization, centralization, and homogenization have promoted a certain cultural commonality, countervailing forces of distinction, communalism, and individuation have also asserted rights to equal treatment as well as idiosyncratic consideration. Even groups well along the trails of assimilation and integration have stopped to take a second look at their beginnings. However, since few wish to return to their roots entirely, many groups and individuals have simply compounded their identities, being partly American and partly Catholic, German, Texan, and the like. As a result, continued imagination and communalistic attachments have given the affluent republic of the 1980s a far greater ethnic, racial, religious, cultural, social, and economic diversity than the struggling republic of the 1780s. Yet the same compound Constitution still serves 222 million people, in part, because it parallels the nation's mosaic of peoples with a federal mosaic now compounded to eighty thousand territorial levers of power. In this respect, the overall "constitution" of the American republic fits the "character" of its peoples. "Or do you suppose," asked Socrates, that "regimes arise fTrom an oak or rocks' and not from the dispositions of the men" and women who constitute them?' This issue of Publius examines some of these dispositional questions through the lens of political culture, in particular the theory developed by Daniel J. Elazar which suggests that American political culture is essentially a compound of three political subcultures termed moralistic, individualistic, and traditionalistic.2 These subcultures emerged from
TL;DR: Rats previously exposed to inescapable footshock were inferior to nonshocked rats in acquiring a shock-escape response but in three separate experiments, these response deficits were improved by electroconvulsive shock (ECS) given 1 h prior to testing.
Abstract: Rats previously exposed to inescapable footshock were inferior to nonshocked rats in acquiring a shock-escape response. In three separate experiments, these response deficits were improved by electroconvulsive shock (ECS) given 1 h prior to testing. Subsequent experiments suggested that this effect cannot be attributed to ECS-induced (1) retrograde amnesia, (2) decreased shock thresholds, or (3) increased general activity.
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of behavioral and cognitive change on an area targeted primarily by the other (e.g., cognitive) were assessed when a treatment strategy devoted to changing behavior alone was used.
TL;DR: Energy flow, life-history/density-biomass cycles, and patterns of metabolic compensation/acclimatization were determined for the mayfly and chironomids in a pond located in north-central Texas.
Abstract: Energy flow (A = R + P; assimilation = respiration + production) and life-history/density-biomass cycles were followed for 1 year in a mayfly (Brachycercus sp.) population and two chironomid (Procladius sp. and Tendipes decorus) populations in a 0.94 ha pond located in north-central Texas. Temperature (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C) effects on R and patterns of metabolic compensation/acclimatization were determined for the mayfly and chironomids. Chironomid and mayfly populations dominated the nine benthic macroinvertebrates identified in the pond, with greatest abundances in winter and winter-spring respectively. Annual energy flow was 51 kcal m−2 (R = 40 kcal, P = 11 kcal or 1.9 g) in Brachycercus sp., 23 kcal m−2 (R = 5 kcal, P = 18 kcal or 2.4 g) in Procladius sp. and 74 kcal m−2 (R = 17 kcal, P = 57 kcal or 6.0 g) in T. decorus. Each species metabolically compensated partially to temperatures en countered during their life histories.
TL;DR: The authors investigated the developmental and group differences in learning disabled and normally achieving children on measures of oral and written language and found significant and substantial correlations were found between the two measures for all groups except the normally achieving six-year-olds.
Abstract: The purpose of this research was to investigate the developmental and group differences in learning disabled and normally achieving children on measures of oral and written language. Sixty five-, six-, and seven-year-old learning disabled children and the same number of normally achieving children were administered the Test of Early Reading Ability (Reid, Hresko, & Hammill, 1981) and the Test of Early Language Development (Hresko, Reid, & Hammill, 1981). Multivariate and univariate analyses of variance indicated significant group differences with normally achieving children scoring higher, and significant age differences with older children scoring higher. Further, significant and substantial correlations were found between the two measures for all groups except the normally achieving six-year-olds. The results were interpreted as support for the view that oral and written language are interactive in their development, and that young children come to school with some reading abilities. The educational imp...
TL;DR: Results obtained indicated biofeedback training to be effective in decreasing the surface temperature of psoriatic tissue.
Abstract: The present study was designed to determine the effect of skin-temperature-biofeedback training on cellular proliferation in three psoriasis patients. It was hypothesized that (a) psoriasis patients would be able to consciously decrease skin temperature of psoriatic tissue, and (b) there would be a positive correlation between rate of cellular proliferation and temperature change.
Results obtained indicated biofeedback training to be effective in decreasing the surface temperature of psoriatic tissue. A 2 X 7 analysis of variance for two repeated measures indicated the change in skin temperatures as a function of sample period to be significant, F (6,26) = 3.29, p < .02. Generalization of temperature-training effects from the biofeedback to the no-feedback condition were observed. Rate of proliferation decreased from pretraining to posttraining biopsies.