Showing papers by "University of Notre Dame published in 1969"
TL;DR: It is shown in this paper that the iterative algorithm introduced by Berlekamp for decoding BCH codes actually provides a general solution to the problem of synthesizing the shortest linear feedback shift register capable of generating a prescribed finite sequence of digits.
Abstract: It is shown in this paper that the iterative algorithm introduced by Berlekamp for decoding BCH codes actually provides a general solution to the problem of synthesizing the shortest linear feedback shift register capable of generating a prescribed finite sequence of digits. The shift-register approach leads to a simple proof of the validity of the algorithm as well as providing additional insight into its properties. The equivalence of the decoding problem for BCH codes to a shift-register synthesis problem is demonstrated, and other applications for the algorithm are suggested.
2,269 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the concept of inherent integration associated with a dynamical system, i.e., the number of integrations which no inverse system can remove unless ideal differentiators are introduced.
Abstract: The question of inverting linear time-invariant dynamical systems has been of interest to control engineers for many years. An example of the nonstate-variable approach and application of this concept is the very well known work of Bode and Shannon in 1950. With the integration of state-variable descriptions and techniques into systems problems, the question has recently reappeared in a somewhat more complicated guise. Basically, the problem of inverting such dynamical systems is to determine the existence of the inverse, its properties, and its construction in terms of the matrices which characterize its state description. The first general study of existence appears to be due indirectly to Brockett and Mesarovic in 1965, and the first general construction seems to have been proposed by Youla and Dorato in 1966. Neither of these works was intended to develop a substantial insight into the properties of the inverse. The present work introduces the concept of the inherent integration associated with a dynamical system, i.e., the number of integrations which no inverse dynamical system can remove unless ideal differentiators are introduced. The existence of the inverse is discussed in terms of a determination of the inherent integration, and the construction which realizes this minimum number of integrations is given. The existence tests introduced are at worst one-half as complex as that of Brockett and Mesarovic and the construction offers a substantial improvement in conceptual simplicity over that of Youla and Dorato. The results are made possible by recognizing an essential equivalence with an associated problem in real sequential circuits and appear to be applicable to related problems in sensitivity, estimation, and game theory.
491 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a relativistic Hartree-Fock-Slater (RHFS) electron theory was used to calculate the susceptibilities and shielding factors for closed-shell atomic systems.
Abstract: A calculation of electric and magnetic susceptibilities and shielding factors for closed-shell atomic systems based on relativistic Hartree-Fock-Slater (RHFS) electron theory is presented. Numerical results are given for the electric dipole and quadrupole, and for the magnetic dipole and octupole cases for closed-shell atoms and ions from $Z=2$ to $Z=92$. Comparison is made with previous nonrelativistic uncoupled Hartree-Fock calculations and with experiment.
391 citations
169 citations
TL;DR: The mechanism of chemically induced algal flocculation is interpreted in terms of bridging phenomena between the discrete algal cells and the linearly extended polymer chains, forming a three-dimensional matrix that is capable of subsiding under quiescent conditions.
Abstract: The feasibility of removing algae from water and wastewater by chemical flocculation techniques was investigated. Mixed cultures of algae were obtained from both continuous- and batch-fed laboratory reactors. Representative cationic, anionic, and nonionic synthetic organic polyelectrolytes were used as flocculants. Under the experimental conditions, chemically induced algal flocculation occurred with the addition of cationic polyelectrolyte, but not with anionic or nonionic polymers, although attachment of all polyelectrolyte species to the algal surface is shown. The mechanism of chemically induced algal flocculation is interpreted in terms of bridging phenomena between the discrete algal cells and the linearly extended polymer chains, forming a three-dimensional matrix that is capable of subsiding under quiescent conditions. The degree of flocculation is shown to be a direct function of the extent of polymer coverage of the active sites on the algal surface, although to induce flocculation by this method requires that the algal surface charge must concurrently be reduced to a level at which the extended polymers can bridge the minimal distance of separation imposed by electrostatic repulsion. The influence of pH, algal concentration, and algal growth phase on the requisite cationic flocculant dose is also reported.
157 citations
TL;DR: Gel filtration chromatography indicates matrone activity can be separated into at least two components, both macro-molecules, and at least one of the molecular components which make up active matrone is a protein.
95 citations
TL;DR: No significant correlation was found between the amount of coprosterols and the total amount of neutral sterols excreted by the conventional rats, which suggests that bacterial reduction of cholesterol is not an important mechanism of increasing neutral sterol excretion of conventional rats as compared to germfree rats.
91 citations
TL;DR: In this article, intersection theory for analytic subsets of complex analytic manifolds has been studied, and intersection theory has been applied to convert the tangent cone of an analytic set A at a point P into a cycle, and to compute the multiplicity of holomorphic maps in certain cases.
Abstract: This paper consists of two parts In Part I we construct intersection theory for analytic subsets of complex analytic manifolds In Part II we apply intersection theory: to convert the tangent cone of an analytic set A at a point P into a cycle; to compute the multiplicity of holomorphic maps in certain cases; and to prove that the Lelong number of A at P, the multiplicity of the local ring of A at P, and the degree of A at P are all equal
83 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the rotational energy and corresponding collective coordinate within the formalism of the random-phase approximation (RPA) for a two-dimensional deformed "nucleus" is presented.
78 citations
TL;DR: It is shown how the above algorithm can be modified slightly to produce codes with known free distance, and a comparison of probability of error with sequential decoding is made among the best known constructive codes of constraint length.
Abstract: A simple algorithm is presented for finding rate 1/n random-error-correcting convolutional codes. Good codes considerably longer than any now known are obtained. A discussion of a new distance measure for convolutional codes, called the free distance, is included. Free distance is particularly useful when considering decoding schemes, such as sequential decoding, which are not restricted to a fixed constraint length. It is shown how the above algorithm can be modified slightly to produce codes with known free distance. A comparison of probability of error with sequential decoding is made among the best known constructive codes of constraint length 36 .
75 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that the termination of feeding was initiated by segmental abdominal stretch receptors which act in concert and signal the presence of optimal blood meal volume to the brain.
TL;DR: A comparison of the intermediates of the mitochondrial and supernatant glutamate-aspartate transaminase indicates that the mitochondrial isozyme has a high affinity for 4-carbon substrates, whereas thesupernatant enzyme has no distinctive preference for either 4- or 5-carbon substrateates.
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TL;DR: An account of the genesis of a culture broker in a Yucatan peasant community suggests that ambiguity during the development of the innovator role may allow novel behavior while retarding negative sanction.
Abstract: Essential to the function of an innovator—particularly a group-straddling one such as a “marginal man” or “culture broker”—is the manner in which others view him and the genesis of his mandate to innovate. An account of the genesis of a culture broker in a Yucatan peasant community suggests that ambiguity during the development of the innovator role may allow novel behavior while retarding negative sanction. The case described may help us understand the manner in which culture-straddling brokers arise and receive permission to innovate.
TL;DR: In this paper, the properties of the deuteron-nucleus scattering in an exact three-particle model were studied in which the neutron, proton, and δ-ensuremath{\alpha}$ particle interact through separable two-body forces.
Abstract: The properties of ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}$ and deuteron---$\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle scattering are studied in an exact three-particle model in which the neutron, proton, and $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particle interact through separable two-body forces. The $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ particle is assumed to be structureless, and Coulomb effects are neglected. As a representation of the nucleon---$\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle interaction, a three-term separable potential fit to low-energy neutron-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle scattering is introduced in the partial waves ${s}_{\frac{1}{2}}$, ${p}_{\frac{3}{2}}$, and ${p}_{\frac{1}{2}}$. The ${s}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ interaction is taken to be repulsive, while the other two are attractive. The three-body formalism of Amado is generalized to allow spin-dependent two-body interactions in an arbitrary partial wave. Numerical solution of the resulting three-body equations gives the binding energies of the $T=0$ and $T=1$ states of ${\mathrm{Li}}^{6}$ as well as phase shifts, angular distributions, and deuteron polarization in $d\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ scattering, and also the total cross section for $d+\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n+p+\ensuremath{\alpha}$ up to 30 MeV. Most of the calculations have used only an $s$-wave $n\ensuremath{-}p$ interaction, but a limited number have been done with the $d$ state of the deuteron included in order to assess its importance. Given the assumptions of the model, the agreement of the calculated quantities with experiment is very good. Some discussion of the results with respect to phenomenological optical-model fits to deuteron-nucleus scattering is also given.
TL;DR: A denitrifying mutant of Bacillus stearothermophilus NCA 2184, strain 2184-D, was used to explore the development of nitrate respiration in relation to oxygen respiration and promoted rapid degradation of the existing nitrate reductase with or without the added amino acids.
Abstract: A denitrifying mutant of Bacillus stearothermophilus NCA 2184, strain 2184-D, was used to explore the development of nitrate respiration in relation to oxygen respiration. Aerobically grown wild-type cultures could acquire the ability to use nitrate as a result of selection of nitrate-respiring mutants by the presence of nitrate and a reduced oxygen tension. Fluctuation analysis has revealed that the frequency of occurrence of the nitrate-respiring mutant is about 7.5 × 10−8 per bacterium per generation. Nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase appeared to be induced sequentially in strain 2184-D by the addition of nitrate. The formation of both of these enzymes was repressed by oxygen so that cells grown aerobically with nitrate possessed a low basal level of nitrate reducatase and exhibited no denitrification. The rate of synthesis of nitrate reductase increased quickly after addition of nitrate and removal of oxygen. It then declined to a lower steady-state level. Cells grown anaerobically with nitrate retained approximately 30 to 40% of the respiratory activity of aerobically grown cells. Aeration of anaerobically grown cells in the presence of amino acids increased the respiratory activity to normal aerobic levels. This aeration promoted rapid degradation of the existing nitrate reductase with or without the added amino acids.
TL;DR: In this article, a simulation of adiabatic SO2 oxidation over supported platinum was carried out in which performance of partially impregnated catalysts (Pt deposited solely to within a fractional distance of total support radii) is compared to that of a totally impregnating support.
TL;DR: In this paper, the microwave spectra of 2-butanone and 2-Butanone-d5 have been investigated from 9 to 33 Ge. The assigned transitions are all doublets and are attributed to rotational absorption by the trans form of 2 butanone in the groundvibrational state.
TL;DR: In this article, the decays of 182 Ta (115 d), 182 Re (64 h) and 182 Re(13 h) to 182 W have been studied and the level structure of 182 W is discussed in terms of the collective model and the quasiparticle model.
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, a thermally stable polymeric azomethines synthesis by polycondensation reactions is described, where the synthesis process is described by poly-condensation reaction.
Abstract: Monograph on thermally stable polymeric azomethines synthesis by polycondensation reactions
TL;DR: Despite remission on the part of all treatment groups there was still significant reduction in their smoking behavior after a three month followup, Surprisingly, however, the control group also showed reduction in smoking and was not reliably different from the treatment groups at the three monthFollowup.
TL;DR: Enzyme comparisons of 12 species of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) were undertaken using the technique of starch gel electrophoresis for species-specific patterns and inter-specific relationships were examined by means of paired affinity indices and polygonal graphs.
Abstract: Enzyme comparisons of 12 species of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) were undertaken using the technique of starch gel electrophoresis. The 4th-stage larvae of 10 species of Aedes, 1 species of Culex, and 1 species of Anopheles were analyzed for acetate and butyrate esterases, alkaline and acid phosphatase, malic and lactic dehydrogenase.
Species-specific patterns for all 12 species were obtained with both esterase substrates and for alkaline phosphatase. Aedes aegypti (L.), and A. mascarensis (McGregor) share the same pattern for acid phosphatase and malic dehydrogenase. Both species belong in Group A, subgenus Stegomyia. A. albopictus (Skuse), A. pseudoscutellaris (Theobald), and A. scutellaris (Walker) have identical lactic dehydrogenase patterns; all occur in Group C, Stegomyia.
The overall patterns, i.e., obtained with all 6 substrates, were species specific but no clear generic differences were evident. This fact was probably a result of the small sampling of Culex and Anopheles.
Inter-specific relationships were examined by means of paired affinity indices and polygonal graphs. These instruments provided the basis for the following taxonomic inferences. A. pseudoscutellaris which is morphologically similar to A. scutellaris and supposedly more closely related to it on a phylogenetic basis, shows a higher degree of biochemical relationship to A. albopictus. On the basis of available data A. triseriatus (Say) seems to be the “biochemical type species” of the subgenus Finlaya. The placement of A. sierrensis (Ludlow) in the subgenus Finlaya on the basis of egg type was reaffirmed on a biochemical basis.
TL;DR: In this paper, the collision lifetimes τ c have been calculated numerically for ion-molecule collision via a computer-plotter system and the interaction has been studied via computer-aided visualization.
TL;DR: Mild acid hydrolysis liberates newly incorporated mannose residues and allows the 32P-phosphate to be released as inorganic phosphate by phoshomonoesterase, and the synthesis of a 1, 6′-Phosphodiester linkage between 2 mannosed residues is proposed.
TL;DR: Faulkner and DeJong as discussed by the authors defined five dimensions of religiosity: experiential (feeling, emotion), ritualistic (religious behavior), ideological (beliefs), intellectual (knowledge), and consequential (the effects in the secular world of the prior four dimensions).
Abstract: T ^ he equivocation which may result from violation of natural language or face validity is manifested in an article by Faulkner and DeJong (1966), "Religiosity in 5-D: An Empirical Analysis." The authors (1966:246-247) claim to be measuring and testing the associations among Glock's (1962) five dimensions of religiosity. They adequately refer to his dimensions as "experiential (feeling, emotion), ritualistic (religious behavior, i.e., church attendance), ideological (beliefs), intellectual (knowledge), and consequential (the effects in the secular world of the prior four dimensions) ." The empirical "definition" of the dimensions, however, is given by the items used to measure them. It cannot be overemphasized that precisely at the juncture of the epistemic correlation, or the operationalization, the question of validity is not to be denied. The gap between stimulus and concept is one major arena for the sociology of social science. Qua sociologist, the relevant explanation for the acceptance or rejection of a posited link between the concept and a measured event, i.e., the event as known, is the prevailing norms and expectations of the scientific community concerning the nature of evidence and the form of inference. In the Faulkner and Dejong article, these expectations are violated. The items which they used to operationalize the ideological (belief) dimension correctly include such stimulus words as "believe, idea, opinion, and view" (all the items are listed on pages 252-254 of their article). The face validity of these stimuli is acceptable. What conclusions about validity can be drawn, however, when the same semantic category of stimuli, viz., "view, opinion, believe," is found in three out of four items on the intellectual (knowledge) dimension? Campbell and Magill (1968: 83) also note that the knowledge dimension which Faulkner and Dejong present contains three "belief" items. The only knowledge (in the usual sense of the term) item is a question asking for the names of the four Gospels or the first five books of the Old Testament. The ritualistic (religious practice, e.g., church attendance) five-item scale includes the following two items (italics added): "Do you feel it is possible for an individual to develop a well-rounded religious life apart from the institutional church?" and "Do you believe that for your marriage the ceremony should be performed by: . . . ?" The experiential (feeling, religious emotion) five-item scale includes only one item which asks about "feeling 'close'" to the Divine. The other items ask whether you would "say" that religious commitment gives a certain purpose to life; or a sense of security in the face of death; how you would "respond" to a statement that religion provides a nonrational interpretation of existence; and whether you agree that faith is essential to a religious life. These items are proffered as operationalizations of real emotional or felt experiences of a Divine presence (Glock, 1962). Most of the stimuli reported above are akin
TL;DR: Results are consistent with the hypothesis that the two forms of Esterase 6 are controlled by a single pair of codominant alleles at a single gene locus (Est 6a and Est 6b), and linkage tests with marker genes have demonstrated that Est 6 is on linkage group 2.
Abstract: Zymograms of single individuals of Aedes aegypti were obtained by means of starch gel electrophoresis, using alpha-naphthyl acetate as substrate. Inbred lines gave consistently homogeneous patterns; earlier results from random-breeding laboratory strains had shown considerable variability. Six distinct bands were observed. The furthest moving band, designated Esterase 6, showed differential migration in two inbred lines. Reciprocal crosses between these lines gave F1 progeny showing both bands. Backcrosses of F1 to either parental line gave a 1:1 segregation. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the two forms of Esterase 6 are controlled by a single pair of codominant alleles at a single gene locus (Est 6a and Est 6b). Linkage tests with marker genes have demonstrated that Est 6 is on linkage group 2, with the following alignment: spot-abdomen (9.0±1.0) yellow-larva (17.4±1.3) Est 6. Crosses with another inbred line demonstrated a third band with intermediate mobility, designated Est 6c. An additional electrophoretic variant which seems to have a simple Mendelian basis was found in esterase band 1.