Showing papers by "University of Notre Dame published in 1971"
TL;DR: In this article, the generalization of the Breit interaction with rearrangement and its generalizations are reviewed with applications to heavy atoms in mind, and numerical results for the energy shifts of atomic ground states are presented for selected atoms in the range $Z = 2$ to $Z=102$.
Abstract: The Breit interaction is reviewed with applications to heavy atoms in mind. Generalizations of the Breit interaction which avoid expansion in powers of the electron velocities are discussed. Two-particle matrix elements of the Breit interaction and its generalizations are given in a form convenient for numerical applications. Expressions are derived for evaluating configuration-averaged atomic energy shifts for the Breit interaction and its generalizations. Numerical results for the energy shifts of atomic ground states are presented for selected atoms in the range $Z=2$ to $Z=102$; interpolated values of the energy shifts are given graphically for all atoms in the range considered. A breakdown of the interelectron contributions to the Breit energy shift is given for Ne and for $K$ electrons in Hg. "Frozenorbital" calculations of Breit corrections to electron binding energies in Hg are given. The binding of $K$ electrons in W, Hg, Pb, and Rn including the generalized Breit interaction with rearrangement are determined; when considered together with Lamb shift and correlation effects, these calculations reduce the discrepancy between theoretical and experimental $K$ binding energies to about 0.1 Ry.
201 citations
TL;DR: The intes inal nematode, Ascaris lumbricoides, has served as a model system for the elucidation of an anaerobic energy-yielding pathway of carbohydrate dissimilation which appears to beoperative in the an aerobic stages of a number of other invertebrates.
Abstract: SYNOPSIS. An increasing number of the invertebrates studied have been found to rely on an anaerobic energy metabolism during at least one stage in their development. Some of the bivalve mollusks, and particularly a relatively large number of parasitic nematodes, cestodes, trematodes and acanthocephala may be classified in this category. Regardless of the aerobic or anaerobic requirements of the parasitic helminths, two features appear to be common to all members of this group which have been examined. First, they are all capable of taking up oxygen. Second, none can oxidize substrates completely to CO2 and H2O; end-products of fermentation invariably accumulate, indicating either the complete absence or the presence of only a limited terminal respiratory pathway.
The intes inal nematode, Ascaris lumbricoides , has served as a model system for the elucidation of an anaerobic energy-yielding pathway of carbohydrate dissimilation which appears to beoperative in the anaerobic stages of a number of other invertebrates. This pathway differs in several major respects from those previously described for mammalian and other aerobic tissues. The Ascaris system is discussed in detail and is compared with other invertebrate and vertebrate metabolisms.
133 citations
TL;DR: The formation of a plasminogen-e-aminocaproic acid complex, which due to the altered conformation of plasmineogen, is not acted upon by streptokinase, is postulated involving the formation of an inactive complex which is rapidly reversible, yielding a fully strePTokinase reactive pl asminogen.
90 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a normal coordinate analysis was performed on chloro complexes employing a Urey-Bradley force field with resonance parameter and suitable general valence force field terms about the metal site.
89 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the infrared spectra of 2,2'-bipyridine and its deutero analogue were obtained from 4000 to 40 cm−1 and the absorption bands of these compounds were assigned by a comparison of their spectra to each other as well as to the structurally similar molecules: pyridine, 2-substituted pyridines and biphenyl.
85 citations
TL;DR: A class of rate 1/2 nonsystematic convolutional codes with an undetected decoding error probability verified by simulation to be much smaller than for the best systematic codes of the same constraint length, and a "quick-look-in" feature that permits recovery of the information sequence from the hard-decisioned received data without decoding simply by modulo-two addition of the received sequences.
Abstract: Previous space applications of sequential decoding have all employed convolutional codes of the systematic type where the information sequence itself is used as one of the encoded sequences. This paper describes a class of rate 1/2 nonsystematic convolutional codes with the following desirable properties: 1) an undetected decoding error probability verified by simulation to be much smaller than for the best systematic codes of the same constraint length; 2) computation behavior with sequential decoding verified by simulation to be virtually identical to that of the best systematic codes; 3) a "quick-look-in" feature that permits recovery of the information sequence from the hard-decisioned received data without decoding simply by modulo-two addition of the received sequences; and 4) suitability for encoding by simple circuitry requiring less hardware than encoders for the best systematic codes of the same constraint length. Theoretical analyses are given to show 1) that with these codes the information sequence is extracted as reliably as possible without decoding for nonsystematic codes and 2) that the constraints imposed to achieve the quicklook-in feature do not significantly limit the error-correcting ability of the codes in the sense that the Gilbert bound on minimum distance can still be attained under these constraints. These codes have been adopted for use in several forthcoming space missions.
79 citations
TL;DR: The general findings demonstrate the applicability of the training procedures for producing and maintaining instruction-following behaviors in severely retarded children and for facilitating appropriate responding to instructions not directly involved in training.
Abstract: Positive reinforcement, physical guidance, and fading procedures were used to teach two severely retarded children motor responses to a variety of verbal instructions. Subjects' responses to one set of instructions provided the focus for the training procedures. Their responses to a second set of instructions were used to assess the generalized effects of training. The frequency of responses to both sets of instructions was evaluated during Baseline 1, Training 1, Baseline 2, and Training 2 periods. During the training periods, this evaluation was made after the daily training sessions when no training procedures were in effect. Results indicated that the subjects showed pronounced increases in instruction-following behaviors (both trained and untrained) during training periods with decreases in such behavior occurring during the Baseline 2 period. The general findings demonstrate the applicability of the training procedures for producing and maintaining instruction-following behaviors in severely retarded children and for facilitating appropriate responding to instructions not directly involved in training.
70 citations
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TL;DR: The utility of such stereotypes for understanding curanderismo in an urban context is questioned in this article, where the concept of an "urban curing complex" is proposed to replace present over-reliance upon one model (peasant) of curer style and healing.
Abstract: Accounts of the curandero in Latin America indicate reliance upon a largely peasant-derived sterotype. The utility of such stereotypes for understanding curanderismo in an urban context is questioned. With Bogota, Colombia as an example, it is proposed that the concept of an “urban curing complex”—a holistic approach to curative facilities in the city—replace present over-reliance upon one model (peasant) of curer style and healing.
68 citations
TL;DR: 2H2O is much less efficient than H2O in influencing the trimethylammonium proton linewidth, suggesting that the interaction between the water and the micelles is dominated by hydrogen bonding rather than by electrostatic interactions.
63 citations
62 citations
TL;DR: The theory of micropolar fluids with stretch is used to analyze blood flow in comparatively small arteries, say 100 μ dia, and explicit expressions of the velocity, microrotation velocity, microstretch are obtained.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the usual Beliaev-Zelevinsky expansion is a generalization to the fermion-pair algebra of the Holstein-Primakoff expansion used for the SU(2) algebra.
TL;DR: The comparison of the dissociation constants of the enzyme-substrate complexes for the mitochondrial and supernatant isozymes confirms that, although there is competition between the anions and the substrates or dicarboxylic acid inhibitors for the active center of the enzymes, the anion independent Dissociation constants for substrates and inhibitors are intrinsically different in each isozyme.
TL;DR: For instance, this article found that Ss adjusted loudness and force of handgrip (and in one experiment apparent duration) to match the strength of their opinions regarding racism, occupational desirability, and pronunciability of trigrams.
Abstract: Ss adjusted loudness and force of handgrip (and in one experiment apparent duration) to match the strength of their opinions regarding racism, occupational desirability, and pronunciability of trigrams. For each stimulus item, median settings of one continuum were plotted as a function of median settings of the other. The resulting power-function exponents agree with previous cross-modality matches and with the results of a cross-modality match of loudness and duration produced by Ss in the present experiments. The results provide validation of ratio scales of opinion and further establish the direct scalingmethods used to obtain them.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduced heat-conducting micropolar fluids and derived the heat conduction equation and the field equations appropriate to describe the thermal and mechanical response of micropolastic fluids.
Abstract: In this paper heat-conducting micropolar fluids are introduced as an extension of the theory of micropolar fluids. Constitutive equations appropriate to describe the thermal and mechanical response of micropolar fluids are constructed. The heat conduction equation is derived and the field equations are obtained. The solution to the problem ofPoiseuille flow through a channel with flat walls is given.
TL;DR: Low concentrations of a number of anticestodal chemotherapeutic agents and the antinematodal agent, dithiazanine, markedly inhibit this system, providing additional evidence for the involvement of an electron transport associated phosphorylation in mammalian mitochondria.
Abstract: 1. 1. A rapid anaerobic, malate dependent, net esterification of inorganic radioactive phosphate (32Pi) has been demonstrated in muscle mitochondria obtained from the intestinal nematode, Ascaris lumbricoides var. suum. Of a number of substrates tested, the system was essentially specific for malate or fumarate. 2. 2. 32Pi/malate ratios obtained approximated 0.5. These findings and the observed inhibitory effect of malonate on 32Pi esterification are in accord with the previously postulated mitochondrial dismutation of malate to pyruvate and succinate. 3. 3. Oligomycin, rotenone and other uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation in mammalian mitochondria also inhibit the anaerobic incorporation of 32Pi in Ascaris mitochondria, providing additional evidence for the involvement of an electron transport associated phosphorylation. Antimycin, however, has little inhibitory effect. 4. 4. Low concentrations of a number of anticestodal chemotherapeutic agents and the antinematodal agent, dithiazanine, markedly inhibit this system.
TL;DR: It was demonstrated that the parasite lowered egg production in all six strains examined, and it was shown that the several strains of host varied in the degree to which they were affected by the parasite.
TL;DR: In this article, a technique for establishing complete normal slope compatibility at the interfaces of triangular plate bending elements is presented, where nodal connections result in a deficiency of one parameter per common boundary for providing automatic conformity.
Abstract: A technique for establishing complete normal slope compatibility at the interfaces of triangular plate bending elements is presented. The nodal connections result in a deficiency of one parameter per common boundary for providing automatic conformity. Each deficiency is compensated by a constraint, imposed by the Lagrange multiplier method, which forces compatibility at the midside. The element displacement is described by a complete cubic interpolation polynomial. Nodal freedoms are the displacement tv, slopes wX9 Wy at each corner and w at the centroid. Derivation of the stiffness and other matrices required for the basic element is straightforward. Results presented, including deflections, critical loads and vibration frequencies are in general more accurate than from other available elements of equivalent complexity.
TL;DR: It is concluded that cholic acid, which is produced in conventional mice by hydrolyzing enzymes of bacterial origin, has a regulatory effect on intestinal mucosal cell turnover.
Abstract: SummaryWhen germfree mice are fed a diet supplemented with cholic acid, the turnover of intestinal mucosal cells is reduced from 4.44 to 2.12 days, which is the turnover time in conventional mice. It is concluded that cholic acid, which is produced in conventional mice by hydrolyzing enzymes of bacterial origin, has a regulatory effect on intestinal mucosal cell turnover.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors combine techniques of fast Fourier transform, recent results of Baggeroer and Schwartz, and the classic methods of Karhunen-Loeve to present what seem to be the first published curves of such densities.
Abstract: When linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) control problems are solved, the performance measure takes on a probability density function Of a type which has received very little attention in the literature because of the nonzero-mean multidimensional character of the state process. This paper combines techniques of the fast Fourier transform, recent results of Baggeroer and Schwartz, and the classic methods of Karhunen-Loeve to present what seem to be the first published curves of such densities. As a vehicle for discussion, a one-parameter family of LQG control systems of the minimal variance type serves both to provide examples of the new density curves and to display certain controlled behaviors of the moments of the densities.
TL;DR: In this article, Kain's data are for geographic areas in Detroit (1957) and Chicago (1956), with ninety-eight observations for each city, and he runs regressions using the Negro percentage of total employment in the area as the dependent variable w.r.t.
Abstract: The purpose of this note is (1) to criticize Kain's methodology with regard to testing hypotheses (2) and (3), and (2) to present alternative results that conflict with hypothesis (2). Kain's data are for geographic areas in Detroit (1957) and Chicago (1956), with ninety-eight observations for each city. With these data he runs regressions using the Negro percentage of total employment in the area as the dependent variable w. The independent variables are R, the Negro percentage of (employed) residents in the areaused as a proxy for employers' propensity to discriminate, and d, the airline distance from the area to either the nearest Negro residence area (more than 2 percent Negro) or to the nearest point in the Negro ghettowith this variable used as a proxy for transportation costs and effects of such costs on job information. The regression coefficients have the expected signs and are statistically significant. Over 75 percent of the total variance is explained for Chicago, and over 35 percent for Detroit. Kain estimates the effect of housing segregation on the level of black employment by assuming that with no housing segregation the proportion of Negro workers would be the same mR for each geographical area. Consequently, for each area R=mR and d=0. Substituting these values into the regression equation (1) (1) w==aR+bd+c,
TL;DR: In this paper, the decay of 152 Tb(17.5 h) has been studied using Ge(Li) detectors to obtain single spectra and to perform γ-γ coincidence experiments.
TL;DR: In this article, the selfconsistent perturbation theory of the preceding paper is simplified for the use in semi-empirical valence-shell SCF calculations, and the validity and limitations of the procedure are tested f...
Abstract: The self-consistent perturbation theory of the preceding paper is simplified for the use in semi-empirical valence-shell SCF calculations. The validity and limitations of the procedure are tested f...
TL;DR: In this article, a general self-consistent perturbation formalism for two interacting closed-shell molecules is developed, where the zero-order many-electron wave function of the coupled system is represented by an antisymmetrized product of the mutually orthogonal single-determinant wavefunctions of the constituent parts.
Abstract: A general self-consistent perturbation formalism is developed for two interacting closed-shell molecules. The zero-order many-electron wavefunction of the coupled system is represented by an antisymmetrized product of the mutually orthogonal single-determinant wavefunctions of the constituent parts. The method involves the application of perturbation theory directly to the Fock-Dirac density matrix and thus avoids the calculation of perturbed orbitals. Self-consistency to first order is maintained by an iterative determination of the matrix elements of the Hartree-Fock perturbation operator. Explicit expressions are given for the matrix elements of the one-electron and two-electron perturbations and for the energy changes to first and second order.
TL;DR: Females of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, are refractory to insemination for about 2 days after emergence, which can be significantly reduced by topical application of a synthetic analog of juvenile hormone.
TL;DR: In this article, a magnetic method for the measurement of residual longitudinal stress in the outer portions of cylindrical bars is developed and applied to nickel and steel, which involves measurement of the reversible effective permeability over a range of frequency of the applied alternating field.
Abstract: A magnetic method for the measurement of residual longitudinal stress in the outer portions of cylindrical bars is developed and applied to nickel and steel. It involves measurement of the reversible effective permeability over a range of frequency of the applied alternating field. Special composites specimens, in which any desired level of residual stress can be produced, serve as idealized test specimens. Magnetic stress measurements made on cold-drawn, machined and quenched rods are compared with measurements by X-ray diffraction and mechanical relaxation (slitting). A combination of magnetic and X-ray measurements yields qualitative information about the stress gradient in the outer portion of a bar.
TL;DR: The degree to which the lineage and phenetic relationships diverge may be used as an assay of the amount of parallel evolution that has occurred in Haplopappus.
Abstract: Numerical phenetics, based on indiscriminate choice of characters and equal weighting, does not directly reflect cladistic or lineage relationships in some taxa ofHaplopappus. However, the degree to which the lineage and phenetic relationships diverge may be used as an assay of the amount of parallel evolution that has occurred. Several numerical taxonomic methods were employed. For each method a change in the number of characters from 31 to 29, by deletion of two karyotypic characters, yielded a significant change in the results. Uses of numerical techniques for the study of character dines and adaptive character complexes are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the rate of mass transfer during drop formation and coalescence for three phase-controlled liquid systems, one binary (ethyl acetate-water) and two ternary (acetic acid-chlorobenzene-water and acetic acid 50% by volume mixture of carbon tetrachloride and nujol-water).
Abstract: Rates of mass transfer during drop formation and coalescence were investigated for three dispersed phase-controlled liquid systems, one binary (ethyl acetate-water) and two ternary (acetic acid-chlorobenzene-water and acetic acid-50% by volume mixture of carbon tetrachloride and nujol-water). A calculation procedure was devised to isolate these end effects. The measured rates during drop formation were in general greater than predicted by various theoretical models, including those by Heertjes et al. and Ilkovic; and measurements during drop coalescence were in general lower than predicted by the simplified penetration theory model of Johnson and Hamielec. The results were statistically correlated with average absolute deviations of 26.2 and 25.4%, respectively, for drop formation and coalescence.
TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that if P ∈ Syl 2 (G) and the commutator group P' is cyclic, then one of the three conditions holds: (1) O 2 ', 2 G > O 2, (G), (2) O G 1 -theorem, the focal subgroup theorem, and theorem of Alperin concerning fusion.