scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Institution

University of Notre Dame

EducationNotre Dame, Indiana, United States
About: University of Notre Dame is a education organization based out in Notre Dame, Indiana, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 22238 authors who have published 55201 publications receiving 2032925 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Notre Dame du Lac & University of Notre Dame, South Bend.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied whole-ecosystem metabolism in eight streams from several biomes in North America to identify controls on the rate of stream metabolism over a large geographic range.
Abstract: 'SUMMARY 1. We studied whole-ecosystem metabolism in eight streams from several biomes in North America to identify controls on the rate of stream metabolism over a large geographic range. The streams studied had climates ranging from tropical to cool-temperate and from humid to arid and were all relatively uninfluenced by human disturbances. 2. Rates of gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (R) and net ecosystem production (NEP) were determined using the open-system, two-station diurnal oxygen change method. 3. Three general patterns in metabolism were evident among streams: (1) relatively high GPP with positive NEP (i.e. net oxygen production) in early afternoon, (2) moderate primary production with a distinct peak in GPP during daylight but negative NEP at all times and (3) little or no evidence of GPP during daylight and a relatively constant and negative NEP over the entire day. ', 4. Gross primary production was most strongly correlated with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). A multiple regression model that included log PAR and stream water soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration explained 90% of the variation in log GPP. 5. Ecosystem respiration was significantly correlated with SRP concentration and size of the transient storage zone and, together, these factors,explained 73% of the variation in R. The rate of R was poorly correlated with the rate of GPP. 6. Net ecosystem production was significantly correlated only with PAR, with 53% of the variation in log NEP explained by log PAR. Only Sycamore Creek, a desert stream in Arizona, had positive NEP (GPP: R > I), supporting the idea that streams are generally net sinks rather than net sources of organic matter.

445 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that stronger and more innovative connections to data are required to address gaps in understanding, and that constrained predictions at ecologically relevant spatial and temporal scales will require a similar investment of effort and intensified inter-disciplinary communication.
Abstract: Numerous current efforts seek to improve the representation of ecosystem ecology and vegetation demographic processes within Earth System Models (ESMs). These developments are widely viewed as an important step in developing greater realism in predictions of future ecosystem states and fluxes. Increased realism, however, leads to increased model complexity, with new features raising a suite of ecological questions that require empirical constraints. Here, we review the developments that permit the representation of plant demographics in ESMs, and identify issues raised by these developments that highlight important gaps in ecological understanding. These issues inevitably translate into uncertainty in model projections but also allow models to be applied to new processes and questions concerning the dynamics of real-world ecosystems. We argue that stronger and more innovative connections to data, across the range of scales considered, are required to address these gaps in understanding. The development of first-generation land surface models as a unifying framework for ecophysiological understanding stimulated much research into plant physiological traits and gas exchange. Constraining predictions at ecologically relevant spatial and temporal scales will require a similar investment of effort and intensified inter-disciplinary communication.

445 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ultimate goal of using these systems to prepare practical photoelectrochemical devices is discussed, and a cell with a monochromatic efficiency of 8.5% conversion of light into current is illustrated.
Abstract: This Account presents recent advances in the design, synthesis, characterization, and potential applications of new hybrid materials based on carbon nanotube and electron donors. Fast charge separation and slow charge recombination are consistently observed in a variety of composites that contain porphyrin derivatives. The ultimate goal of using these systems to prepare practical photoelectrochemical devices is discussed, and a cell with a monochromatic efficiency of 8.5% conversion of light into current is illustrated.

445 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A basin-to-channel-scale implementation of the Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) unstructured grid hydrodynamic model has been developed that accurately simulates hurricane storm surge, tides, and river flow in this complex region as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Southern Louisiana is characterized by low-lying topography and an extensive network of sounds, bays, marshes, lakes, rivers, and inlets that permit widespread inundation during hurricanes. A basin- to channel-scale implementation of the Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) unstructured grid hydrodynamic model has been developed that accurately simulates hurricane storm surge, tides, and river flow in this complex region. This is accomplished by defining a domain and computational resolution appropriate for the relevant processes, specifying realistic boundary conditions, and implementing accurate, robust, and highly parallel unstructured grid numerical algorithms. The model domain incorporates the western North Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean Sea so that interactions between basins and the shelf are explicitly modeled and the boundary condition specification of tidal and hurricane processes can be readily defined at the deep water open boundary. The unstructured grid enables highly refi...

445 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Magnus Manske1, Magnus Manske2, Olivo Miotto1, Olivo Miotto3, Susana Campino2, Susana Campino1, Sarah Auburn2, Sarah Auburn1, Sarah Auburn4, Jacob Almagro-Garcia1, Jacob Almagro-Garcia5, Jacob Almagro-Garcia2, Gareth Maslen2, Gareth Maslen1, John O'Brien1, John O'Brien5, Abdoulaye A. Djimde6, Ogobara K. Doumbo6, Issaka Zongo, Jean-Bosco Ouédraogo, Pascal Michon7, Ivo Mueller7, Peter Siba7, Alexis Nzila8, Steffen Borrmann8, Steven M. Kiara8, Kevin Marsh8, Hongying Jiang9, Xin-zhuan Su9, Chanaki Amaratunga9, Rick M. Fairhurst9, Duong Socheat, François Nosten3, François Nosten1, Mallika Imwong3, Nicholas J. White1, Nicholas J. White3, Mandy Sanders2, Elisa Anastasi2, Dan Alcock2, Eleanor Drury2, Samuel O. Oyola2, Michael A. Quail2, Daniel J. Turner2, Valentin Ruano-Rubio1, Valentin Ruano-Rubio2, Valentin Ruano-Rubio5, Dushyanth Jyothi2, Dushyanth Jyothi1, Lucas Amenga-Etego1, Lucas Amenga-Etego5, Christina Hubbart5, Anna E. Jeffreys5, Kate Rowlands5, Colin J. Sutherland10, Cally Roper10, Valentina D. Mangano11, David Modiano11, John C. Tan12, Michael T. Ferdig12, Alfred Amambua-Ngwa, David J. Conway10, Shannon Takala-Harrison13, Christopher V. Plowe13, Julian C. Rayner2, Kirk A. Rockett2, Kirk A. Rockett1, Kirk A. Rockett5, Taane G. Clark1, Taane G. Clark10, Taane G. Clark2, Chris I. Newbold1, Chris I. Newbold2, Matthew Berriman2, Bronwyn MacInnis1, Bronwyn MacInnis2, Dominic P. Kwiatkowski2, Dominic P. Kwiatkowski5, Dominic P. Kwiatkowski1 
19 Jul 2012-Nature
TL;DR: Methods for the large-scale analysis of genetic variation in Plasmodium falciparum by deep sequencing of parasite DNA obtained from the blood of patients with malaria, either directly or after short-term culture are described.
Abstract: methods for the large-scale analysis of genetic variation in Plasmodium falciparum by deep sequencing of parasite DNA obtained from the blood of patients with malaria, either directly or after short-term culture Analysis of 86,158 exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms that passed genotyping quality control in 227 samples from Africa, Asia and Oceania provides genomewide estimates of allele frequency distribution, population structure and linkage disequilibrium By comparing the genetic diversity of individual infections with that of the local parasite population, we derive a metric of within-host diversity that is related to the level of inbreeding in the population An open-access web application has been established for the exploration of regional differences in allele frequency and of highly differentiated loci in the P falciparum genome The genetic diversity and evolutionary plasticity of P falciparum are major obstacles for malaria elimination New forms of resistance against antimalarial drugs are continually emerging 1,2 , and new forms of antigenic variation are a critical point of vulnerability for future malaria vaccines Effective tools are needed to detect evolutionary changes in the parasite population and to monitor the spread of genetic variants that affect malaria control Here we describe the use of deep sequencing to analyse P falciparum diversity, using blood samples from patients with malaria The P falciparum genome has several unusual features that greatly complicate sequence analysis, such as extreme AT bias, large tracts of nonunique sequence and several large families of intensely polymorphic genes 3 Our aim was therefore not to determine the entire genome sequence of individual field samples—which would be prohibitively expensive with current technologies—but to define an initial set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed across the P falciparum genome, whose genotype can be ascertained with confidence in parasitized blood samples by deep sequencing An additional complication in the analysis of P falciparum genome variation is that the billions of haploid parasites that infect a single individual can be a complex mixture of genetic types Previous studies 4–8 have largely focused on laboratory-adapted parasite clones, but the within-host diversity of natural infections is of fundamental biological interest Parasites in the blood replicate asexually, but when they are taken up in the blood meal of an Anopheles mosquito they undergo sexual mating If the parasites in the blood are of diverse genetic types, this process of sexual mating can generate novel recombinant forms Deep sequencing provides new ways of investigating within-host diversity and the role of sexual recombination in parasite evolution

442 citations


Authors

Showing all 22586 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
George Davey Smith2242540248373
David Miller2032573204840
Patrick O. Brown183755200985
Dorret I. Boomsma1761507136353
Chad A. Mirkin1641078134254
Darien Wood1602174136596
Wei Li1581855124748
Timothy C. Beers156934102581
Todd Adams1541866143110
Albert-László Barabási152438200119
T. J. Pearson150895126533
Amartya Sen149689141907
Christopher Hill1441562128098
Tim Adye1431898109010
Teruki Kamon1422034115633
Network Information
Related Institutions (5)
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
225.1K papers, 10.1M citations

90% related

University of Maryland, College Park
155.9K papers, 7.2M citations

89% related

University of Texas at Austin
206.2K papers, 9M citations

89% related

Pennsylvania State University
196.8K papers, 8.3M citations

89% related

Princeton University
146.7K papers, 9.1M citations

89% related

Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023115
2022543
20212,777
20202,925
20192,774
20182,624