University of Notre Dame

About: University of Notre Dame is a education organization based out in Notre Dame, Indiana, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 22238 authors who have published 55201 publications receiving 2032925 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Notre Dame du Lac & University of Notre Dame, South Bend.

Spatial Stochastic Models and Metrics for the Structure of Base Stations in Cellular Networks

Abstract: The spatial structure of base stations (BSs) in cellular networks plays a key role in evaluating the downlink performance. In this paper, different spatial stochastic models (the Poisson point process (PPP), the Poisson hard-core process (PHCP), the Strauss process (SP), and the perturbed triangular lattice) are used to model the structure by fitting them to the locations of BSs in real cellular networks obtained from a public database. We provide two general approaches for fitting. One is fitting by the method of maximum pseudolikelihood. As for the fitted models, it is not sufficient to distinguish them conclusively by some classical statistics. We propose the coverage probability as the criterion for the goodness-of-fit. In terms of coverage, the SP provides a better fit than the PPP and the PHCP. The other approach is fitting by the method of minimum contrast that minimizes the average squared error of the coverage probability. This way, fitted models are obtained whose coverage performance matches that of the given data set very accurately. Furthermore, we introduce a novel metric, the deployment gain, and we demonstrate how it can be used to estimate the coverage performance and average rate achieved by a data set.

Marital Conflict and Children: An Emotional Security Perspective

Abstract: Part I: New Directions in the Study of Children and Marital Conflict. Marital Conflict and Risky Families. The Emergence of Process-oriented Approaches: Emotional Security Theory. Part II: Child Effects of Exposure to Marital Conflict. Identifying Constructive and Destructive Marital Conflict. Testing Process-oriented Models of the Direct Effects of Exposure to Marital Conflict. Part III: Contextualizing Marital Conflict. The Role of Parenting in the Context of Marital Conflict: Indirect Pathways and Processes. Contextual Vulnerability and Protective Models. Development Over Time in Contexts of Marital Conflict. Part IV: Future Directions. Applications of Findings and Translational Research. Beyond the Marital Dyad: From Bowlby to Political Violence. Appendices: Coding Systems and Methodology. Appendix A: Conflict in the Interparental System (CIS)-observational Coding. Appendix B: Security in the Interparental Subsystem (SIS) Scale-child Report. Appensix C: Security in the Marital System-parent Report (SIMS-PR) Scale. Appendix D: Advanced Measurement and Research Design Issues for a Process-oriented Approach.

The future of ferroelectric field-effect transistor technology

Abstract: The discovery of ferroelectricity in oxides that are compatible with modern semiconductor manufacturing processes, such as hafnium oxide, has led to a re-emergence of the ferroelectric field-effect transistor in advanced microelectronics. A ferroelectric field-effect transistor combines a ferroelectric material with a semiconductor in a transistor structure. In doing so, it merges logic and memory functionalities at the single-device level, delivering some of the most pressing hardware-level demands for emerging computing paradigms. Here, we examine the potential of the ferroelectric field-effect transistor technologies in current embedded non-volatile memory applications and future in-memory, biomimetic and alternative computing models. We highlight the material- and device-level challenges involved in high-volume manufacturing in advanced technology nodes (≤10 nm), which are reminiscent of those encountered in the early days of high-K-metal-gate transistor development. We argue that the ferroelectric field-effect transistors can be a key hardware component in the future of computing, providing a new approach to electronics that we term ferroelectronics. This Perspective examines the use of ferroelectric field-effect transistor technologies in current embedded non-volatile memory applications and future in-memory, biomimetic and alternative computing models, arguing that the devices will be a key component in the development of data-centric computing.

Inter-regional comparison of land-use effects on stream metabolism

Abstract: SUMMARY 1. Rates of whole-system metabolism (production and respiration) are fundamental indicators of ecosystem structure and function. Although first-order, proximal controls are well understood, assessments of the interactions between proximal controls and distal controls, such as land use and geographic region, are lacking. Thus, the influence of land use on stream metabolism across geographic regions is unknown. Further, there is limited understanding of how land use may alter variability in ecosystem metabolism across regions. 2. Stream metabolism was measured in nine streams in each of eight regions (n = 72) across the United States and Puerto Rico. In each region, three streams were selected from a range of three land uses: agriculturally influenced, urban-influenced, and reference streams. Stream metabolism was estimated from diel changes in dissolved oxygen concentrations in each stream reach with correction for reaeration and groundwater input.