University of Notre Dame

About: University of Notre Dame is a education organization based out in Notre Dame, Indiana, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 22238 authors who have published 55201 publications receiving 2032925 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Notre Dame du Lac & University of Notre Dame, South Bend.

Radiolytic Control of the Size of Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles

Abstract: Solutions containing KAu(CN)2 (∼5 × 10-4 M), methanol (0.3 M), and nitrous oxide (2.5 × 10-2 M) are γ-irradiated in the presence of colloidal gold (∼6 × 10-5 M; mean particle size, 15 nm). The hydroxymethyl radicals, •CH2OH, which are generated in these solutions, reduce Au(I) in Au(CN)2-, and the reduced gold is completely deposited on the gold seeds to yield larger particles. The particle growth is followed spectrophotometrically and by electron microscopy. A mechanism is proposed in which the radicals transfer electrons to the gold particles and Au(CN)2- is subsequently reduced by the stored electrons directly at the surface of the particles. In further steps of particle enlargement, Au(CN)2- is reduced in solutions in which the gold particles synthesized in the preceding step serve as seeds, the result being larger and larger gold particles up to 120 nm. The reduction yield is discussed with respect to side reactions of the radicals, such as mutual deactivation and gold-catalyzed H2 formation. The rad...

Nudges for Privacy and Security: Understanding and Assisting Users’ Choices Online

Abstract: Advancements in information technology often task users with complex and consequential privacy and security decisions A growing body of research has investigated individuals’ choices in the presence of privacy and information security tradeoffs, the decision-making hurdles affecting those choices, and ways to mitigate such hurdles This article provides a multi-disciplinary assessment of the literature pertaining to privacy and security decision making It focuses on research on assisting individuals’ privacy and security choices with soft paternalistic interventions that nudge users toward more beneficial choices The article discusses potential benefits of those interventions, highlights their shortcomings, and identifies key ethical, design, and research challenges

Religiosity and Deviance: Toward a Contingency Theory of Constraining Effects

Abstract: Perspectives on the relationship between individual religiosity and deviance are examined and contextual properties thought to condition the relationship are identified. Hypothesized linkages between these contextual variables and the strength of relationship between religiosity and nine types of deviant behavior are tested. Results indicate the religiosity-deviance relationship varies predictably across sociodemographic contexts, but not always in directions suggested by extant theories. Individual religiosity appears to constrain deviant behavior most effectively in environments characterized by general normative ambiguity, low social integration, generalized perceptions of low peer conformity, and a relatively high proportion of religious nonaffiliates. An integrated interpretation of these counterintuitive findings suggests religious participation can operate as a unique deviance inhibitor only when conformity inducing mechanisms characteristic of religious communities are not reproduced in the larger community. Hence the impact of religious constraints is increased where secular controls are absent or weak.

Recent Advances in Quantum Dot Surface Chemistry

Abstract: Quantum dot (QD) surface chemistry is an emerging field in semiconductor nanocrystal related research. Along with size manipulation, the careful control of QD surface chemistry allows modulation of the optical properties of a QD suspension. Even a single molecule bound to the surface can introduce new functionalities. Herein, we summarize the recent advances in QD surface chemistry and the resulting effects on optical and electronic properties. Specifically, this review addresses three main issues: (i) how surface chemistry affects the optical properties of QDs, (ii) how it influences the excited state dynamics, and (iii) how one can manipulate surface chemistry to control the interactions between QDs and metal oxides, metal nanoparticles, and in self-assembled QD monolayers.

Search for supersymmetry at the LHC in events with jets and missing transverse energy

Abstract: A search for events with jets and missing transverse energy is performed in a data sample of pp collisions collected at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The analyzed data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.14 inverse femtobarns. In this search, a kinematic variable, alphaT, is used as the main discriminator between events with genuine and misreconstructed missing transverse energy. No excess of events over the standard model expectation is found. Exclusion limits in the parameter space of the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model are set. In this model, squark masses below 1.1 TeV are excluded at 95% CL. Gluino masses below 1.1 TeV are also ruled out at 95% CL for values of the universal scalar mass parameter below 500 GeV.