University of Notre Dame

About: University of Notre Dame is a education organization based out in Notre Dame, Indiana, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 22238 authors who have published 55201 publications receiving 2032925 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Notre Dame du Lac & University of Notre Dame, South Bend.

Observation of a Narrow Meson State Decaying to Ds+π0 at a Mass of 2.32 GeV/c2

Abstract: We have observed a narrow state near 2.32 GeV/c(2) in the inclusive D(+)(s)pi(0) invariant mass distribution from e(+)e(-) annihilation data at energies near 10.6 GeV. The observed width is consistent with the experimental resolution. The small intrinsic width and the quantum numbers of the final state indicate that the decay violates isospin conservation. The state has natural spin-parity and the low mass suggests a J(P)=0(+) assignment. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 91 fb(-1) recorded by the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) storage ring.

Toward a theory of distinct types of "impulsive" behaviors: A meta-analysis of self-report and behavioral measures

Abstract: Impulsivity is considered a personality trait affecting behavior in many life domains, from recreational activities to important decision making When extreme, it is associated with mental health problems, such as substance use disorders, as well as with interpersonal and social difficulties, including juvenile delinquency and criminality Yet, trait impulsivity may not be a unitary construct We review commonly used self-report measures of personality trait impulsivity and related constructs (eg, sensation seeking), plus the opposite pole, control or constraint A meta-analytic principal-components factor analysis demonstrated that these scales comprise 3 distinct factors, each of which aligns with a broad, higher order personality factor-Neuroticism/Negative Emotionality, Disinhibition versus Constraint/Conscientiousness, and Extraversion/Positive Emotionality/Sensation Seeking Moreover, Disinhibition versus Constraint/Conscientiousness comprise 2 correlated but distinct subfactors: Disinhibition versus Constraint and Conscientiousness/Will versus Resourcelessness We also review laboratory tasks that purport to measure a construct similar to trait impulsivity A meta-analytic principal-components factor analysis demonstrated that these tasks constitute 4 factors (Inattention, Inhibition, Impulsive Decision-Making, and Shifting) Although relations between these 2 measurement models are consistently low to very low, relations between both trait scales and laboratory behavioral tasks and daily-life impulsive behaviors are moderate That is, both independently predict problematic daily-life impulsive behaviors, such as substance use, gambling, and delinquency; their joint use has incremental predictive power over the use of either type of measure alone and furthers our understanding of these important, problematic behaviors Future use of confirmatory methods should help to ascertain with greater precision the number of and relations between impulsivity-related components

A unified approach to statistical tomography using coordinate descent optimization

Abstract: Over the past years there has been considerable interest in statistically optimal reconstruction of cross-sectional images from tomographic data. In particular, a variety of such algorithms have been proposed for maximum a posteriori (MAP) reconstruction from emission tomographic data. While MAP estimation requires the solution of an optimization problem, most existing reconstruction algorithms take an indirect approach based on the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. We propose a new approach to statistically optimal image reconstruction based on direct optimization of the MAP criterion. The key to this direct optimization approach is greedy pixel-wise computations known as iterative coordinate decent (ICD). We propose a novel method for computing the ICD updates, which we call ICD/Newton-Raphson. We show that ICD/Newton-Raphson requires approximately the same amount of computation per iteration as EM-based approaches, but the new method converges much more rapidly (in our experiments, typically five to ten iterations). Other advantages of the ICD/Newton-Raphson method are that it is easily applied to MAP estimation of transmission tomograms, and typical convex constraints, such as positivity, are easily incorporated.

Relationships Among Risk, Incentive Pay, and Organizational Performance

Abstract: In this study, we extended agency-based research by examining the role of risk in the structure of managerial compensation and its relationship to organization performance. Our results suggest that...

Invertibility of linear time-invariant dynamical systems

Abstract: The question of inverting linear time-invariant dynamical systems has been of interest to control engineers for many years. An example of the nonstate-variable approach and application of this concept is the very well known work of Bode and Shannon in 1950. With the integration of state-variable descriptions and techniques into systems problems, the question has recently reappeared in a somewhat more complicated guise. Basically, the problem of inverting such dynamical systems is to determine the existence of the inverse, its properties, and its construction in terms of the matrices which characterize its state description. The first general study of existence appears to be due indirectly to Brockett and Mesarovic in 1965, and the first general construction seems to have been proposed by Youla and Dorato in 1966. Neither of these works was intended to develop a substantial insight into the properties of the inverse. The present work introduces the concept of the inherent integration associated with a dynamical system, i.e., the number of integrations which no inverse dynamical system can remove unless ideal differentiators are introduced. The existence of the inverse is discussed in terms of a determination of the inherent integration, and the construction which realizes this minimum number of integrations is given. The existence tests introduced are at worst one-half as complex as that of Brockett and Mesarovic and the construction offers a substantial improvement in conceptual simplicity over that of Youla and Dorato. The results are made possible by recognizing an essential equivalence with an associated problem in real sequential circuits and appear to be applicable to related problems in sensitivity, estimation, and game theory.