Showing papers by "University of Oklahoma published in 1984"
TL;DR: A rapid one-stage clotting assay for protein S to quantitate the level of protein S in their plasma is developed and suggests that protein S deficiency may result in recurrent thrombotic disease.
Abstract: Recent studies have demonstrated that protein C deficiency is associated with recurrent familial thrombosis In plasma, activated protein C functions as an anticoagulant This anticoagulant response requires a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein cofactor, referred to as protein S Since the anticoagulant activity of activated protein C is dependent on protein S, we hypothesized that patients lacking functional protein S might have associated thrombotic disease Two related individuals with otherwise normal coagulation tests are described whose plasma is not effectively anticoagulated with activated protein C Addition of purified human protein S to their plasma restores a normal anticoagulant response to activated protein C We have developed a rapid one-stage clotting assay for protein S to quantitate the level of protein S in their plasma Plasma is depleted of protein S by immunoadsorption with immobilized antiprotein S antibodies The resultant plasma responds poorly to activated protein C, but is effectively anticoagulated in a dose-dependent fashion upon addition of purified protein S or small quantities of plasma The affected individuals possess less than 5% protein S activity Using Laurell rockets, protein S antigen was detected in the plasma but was at reduced levels of 13 and 18% in the two individuals When the barium eluate of the patient plasma was chromatographed on quaternary aminoethyl Sephadex, a single peak of protein S antigen devoid of protein S anticoagulant cofactor activity was detected early in the chromatogram In contrast, the barium eluate from normal donors separated into two peaks, one emerging early and also devoid of anticoagulant cofactor, and the second peak with anticoagulant activity emerging later The first peak of protein S antigen, from both the normal donor and the patient, chromatographed in the region of the complement component C4-binding protein-protein S complex These studies suggest that protein S deficiency may result in recurrent thrombotic disease
602 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the major and trace element chemistry of components which are typical of various crustal levels and ages is considered. But the results of this paper differ from that of the "andesitic" model in being more siliceous and having a more fractionated rare earth element pattern.
Abstract: The continental crust has ultimately been extracted from the mantle and knowledge of its composition is therefore fundamental to an understanding of the chemical evolution of the Earth. Attempts to model its average chemistry are complicated by marked vertical and lateral chemical and lithological heterogeneity1–3 and by problems of sampling the deeper levels of the crust. We have adopted a different, empirical, approach to try and take account of geophysical and isotopic constraints by considering the major and trace element chemistry of components which are typical of various crustal levels and ages. Our estimate differs from that of the ‘andesitic’ model in being more siliceous and having a more fractionated rare earth element pattern. Its higher Th, U and K contents generate a higher heat production of 0.95 µW m−3 compared with previous estimates of 0.75–0.91 µW m−3.
503 citations
TL;DR: The data suggest that the determination of protein S levels will be useful in the evaluation of patients with recurrent thrombosis, and a functional assay for the plasma protein is developed.
Abstract: Protein S is an antithrombotic plasma protein that serves as a cofactor for another plasma protein, activated protein C. Protein S is required for the expression of the anticoagulant effect of activated protein C, which inhibits blood clotting at the levels of factors V and VIII in the blood-clotting cascade. We postulated that patients deficient in protein S would have inadequate regulatory control of the clotting cascade and would be prone to thrombotic disease in a manner similar to that of patients congenitally deficient in protein C. To determine whether protein S deficiency is associated with recurrent thrombosis, we developed a functional assay for the plasma protein. With this assay, the protein S activity of normal persons ranges from 63 to 160 per cent. Using this test, we have now identified six unrelated persons with severe recurrent venous thrombosis who were deficient in protein S, with levels between 15 and 37 per cent while they were not receiving warfarin therapy. Our data sugges...
485 citations
TL;DR: The ischemia-induced reduction in heart rate despite continuation of exercise suggests the presence in the dogs that survived of active vagal reflexes that may have played an important role in the maintenance of cardiac electrical stability.
Abstract: The relationship between activity of the autonomic nervous system, myocardial ischemia, and malignant arrhythmias has been investigated in a new experimental preparation for sudden death. Fifty-seven dogs were chronically instrumented and studied under control conditions (n = 15) and 1 month after production of an anterior myocardial infarction (n = 42). The protocol consisted in occluding the left circumflex coronary artery for 2 min, commencing at the last minute of an exercise stress test and extending through the first minute after cessation of exercise. With this protocol, ventricular fibrillation was observed in 40% of normal dogs and 66% of dogs with infarction. In 14 dogs with infarction, left stellectomy reduced the incidence of ventricular fibrillation to zero (p less than .001). The reflex changes in heart rate elicited within the first minute of ischemia during exercise in the animals that survived (from 204 +/- 14 to 198 +/- 31 beats/min, -6) were opposite those in animals that had ventricular fibrillation (from 208 +/- 24 to 229 +/- 30 beats/min, +21) (p less than .05). The ischemia-induced reduction in heart rate despite continuation of exercise suggests the presence in the dogs that survived of active vagal reflexes that may have played an important role in the maintenance of cardiac electrical stability. This preparation has the potential to induce ventricular fibrillation consistently in conscious animals by the interaction of a few clinically relevant factors (acute myocardial ischemia, submaximal exercise and its cessation, sympathetic and vagal reflexes, and heart rate) and offers the possibility of acquiring further insights into the mechanisms of malignant arrhythmias and evaluating novel strategies for targeted prevention.
441 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the casuality between GNP and energy consumption was examined by using updated US data for the period 1947-1979, and the causal relationship between energy consumption and employment was investigated.
440 citations
TL;DR: A national study found similarities in levels of job satisfaction, burnout, and intent to change jobs among child welfare, community mental health, and family service workers, although the determinants varied by field of practice.
Abstract: A national study found similarities in levels of job satisfaction, burnout, and intent to change jobs among child welfare, community mental health, and family service workers, although the determinants varied by field of practice. The data suggest that a universal approach aimed at increasing job satisfaction and reducing burnout is likely to be of minimal value; interventions must be conducted within each setting and must attend to the idiosyncracies of each group.
359 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that daily exercise prevents VF induced by acute myocardial ischemia in a subpopulation of dogs that were previously identified as susceptible to sudden cardiac death.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of daily exercise on susceptibility to sudden cardiac death. A 2 min coronary occlusion was initiated during the last minute of an exercise stress test and continued for 1 min after cessation of exercise in chronically instrumented dogs with a healed anterior wall myocardial infarction. Thirteen dogs developed ventricular fibrillation (VF; susceptible), while five did not (resistant). Before the exercise plus ischemia test, the baroreflex was evaluated with a bolus injection of phenylephrine (10 micrograms/kg). The changes in heart rate caused by a 30 mm Hg increase in systolic arterial pressure as well as the slopes of either heart rate or RR interval plotted against systolic arterial pressure were significantly lower in dogs that developed VR (resistant, -49.6 +/- 7.8; susceptible, -15.3 +/- 6.4 beats/min; p less than .001). Four resistant and eight susceptible animals were then placed on a 6 week daily exercise program, while eight susceptible dogs had an equal period of rest. At the end of the 6 week period the exercise plus ischemia test was repeated; no susceptible animal that performed daily exercise developed VF, and all but one of the rested animals did. Daily exercise improved baroreflex control of heart rate in the susceptible group but not in the resistant group. Rest did not alter baroreflex function (change in heart rate after 30 mm Hg increase in systolic arterial pressure: after 6 weeks of exercise, resistant -43.3 +/- 18.9 beats/min, susceptible -60.8 +/- 16.6 beats/min; after 6 weeks of rest, susceptible 27.4 +/- 11.0 beats/min). We conclude that daily exercise prevents VF induced by acute myocardial ischemia in a subpopulation of dogs that were previously identified as susceptible to sudden cardiac death. Exercise also altered the autonomic control of the heart, possibly decreasing sympathetic and/or increasing parasympathetic tone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
335 citations
TL;DR: The recently discovered similarity between the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and the avian erythroblastosis virus v-erb-B protein1 supports the hypothesis that viral oncogenes share a common evolutionary origin with genes encoding growth-regulating cell-surface receptors.
Abstract: The recently discovered similarity between the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and the avian erythroblastosis virus v-erb-B protein1 supports the hypothesis that viral oncogenes share a common evolutionary origin with genes encoding growth-regulating cell-surface receptors. To elucidate the relationship between receptors and malignant transformation, we have now used a fragment of v-erb-B as a probe to screen a cDNA library of mRNA from A431 human carcinoma cells, which possess a large number of EGF receptors2. Of the six clones isolated, the largest (pE7) contains an insert of 2.4 kilobase pairs (kbp) whose deduced amino acid sequence is homologous to the v-erb-B protein and identical to reported EGF receptor peptide sequences1. This pE7 cDNA hybridized to three prominent RNAs of ∼10, 5.6 and 2.9 kilobases (kb), and to three minor species of 6.3, 4.6 and 3.3 kb. All were present in elevated levels in A431 cells. The prominent 2.9-kb RNA was homologous only to the 5′ portion of the pE7 insert. This result raises the possibility that differential RNA processing is used by A431 cells to generate a variety of RNAs.
298 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it is suggested that the conduit metaphor implicitly engenders the assumption that successful communication is easy and requires little effort, and the practical and research implications of this argument are examined.
Abstract: Linguistic conceptions regarding what Reddy (1979) calls the “conduit metaphor” are applied to the teaching and practice of organizational communication. The argument is advanced that in “everyday” discourse and even current management textbooks, organizational communication frequently is explicated in terms of the conduit metaphor. Furthermore, it is suggested that the conduit metaphor implicitly engenders the assumption that successful communication is easy and requires little effort. The practical and research implications of this argument are examined.
298 citations
TL;DR: The chapter presents a unified treatment of various parallel sorting algorithms by bringing out clearly the relation between the architecture of parallel computers and the structure of algorithms.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter presents a survey on various parallel sorting algorithms. Sorting is a nontrivial problem and has widespread commercial and business applications. Serial algorithms for sorting have been available since the days of punched-card machines. At present, there is a considerable body of literature on serial sorting algorithms. Parallel algorithms for sorting are of a recent origin and came into existence over the past decade. The chapter presents a unified treatment of various parallel sorting algorithms by bringing out clearly the relation between the architecture of parallel computers and the structure of algorithms. In the design of parallel algorithms in general, and of parallel sorting algorithms in particular, two models have been widely used: (1) models based on fixed interconnection networks such as the same or single instruction on multiple data (SIMD) machine mesh-connected network and (2) models based on a global memory, which is shared by various processors. The special-purpose network-sorting algorithms are described. Algorithms for SIMD machines are given.
197 citations
TL;DR: It was observed that, contrary to the common belief, an ANB angle of 2 +/- 3.0 degrees is considered normal for a skeletal Class I relation, the calculated values of angle ANB will vary widely with changes in these four controlling factors under the same skeletal Class II and III conditions (Wits = 0 mm).
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of short and long-term low flow oxygen on transient arterial hypoxemia (TAH) associated with cardiopulmonary hemodynamics was examined in seven male subjects with COPD.
TL;DR: In this paper, the plate theory was extended to laminates and closed-form solutions of this theory, as well as those of Reissner-Mindlin plate theory with appropriate shear correction, Seide's discrete-layer plate theory, and the higher-order theory of Lo et al. were all compared with Pagano's elasticity-theory solution for the cases of cylindrical bending of a single orthotropic layer and a symmetric cross-ply (0°/90°/0°) laminate consisting of three equal-thickness layers
TL;DR: This article investigated whether there is structure in adolescent same-sex friendships along the dimension of sexual behavior and found that females both black and white tend to name friends whose sexual behavior is like their own even when grades other more visible deviant behaviors and a composite index of deviance proneness are taken into account.
Abstract: This study investigates whether there is structure in adolescent same-sex friendships along the dimension of sexual behavior. Specifically are those who have (have not) had sexual intercourse more likely to name as friends adolescents who have (have not) had sexual intercourse? Data used in this analysis are a part of a larger study of biological and social factors affecting adolescent sexuality. In the fall of 1978 self-administered questionnaries were completed by 504 adolescents in their homes. This sample represents 81% of the eligible respondents at 1 junior high school in an urban area of North Carolina. The sample is representative of all the junior high schools in North Carolina and a wide range of socioeconomic levels. Log odds ratios and a nested contingency table model are used to investigate homogeneity bias in adolescent friendship choice along the dimension of sexual behavior. Females both black and white tend to name friends whose sexual behavior is like their own even when grades other more visible deviant behaviors and a composite index of deviance proneness are taken into account. In contrast neither sexual intercourse nor any other deviant behavior considered in this analysis is a significant factor in accounting for male adolescent friendship structure. It is suggested that the differential reputational consequences for males and females who have intercourse may account for the observed difference by sex in the friendship choice-sexual behavior relationships. With the nested contingency table approach variables could not be controlled simultaneously and grade control had to be dropped. Future studies of homogeniety bias for sexual behavior could include: 1) a longitudinal analysis to disentangle the selection and influence processes; 2) expanding of the concepts of sexual behavior and friends; 3) investigation of the homogeneity bias for the sexual behaviors other than intercourse; and 4) examination of the relationship between opposite-sex friends after eliminating males and females who have been sex partners. That there is no significant homogeneity bias along any dimension of deviant behavior for males leads one to question whether any characteristics e.g. athletic prowess account for friendship choice among this group other than such explicit selection criteria as race and grade. Athletic prowess or participation in organized sports could be a possible criterion for male adolescent friendship choice.
TL;DR: The technique of differential quadrature for the solution of partial differential equations, introduced by Bellman et al. as mentioned in this paper, is extended and generalized to encompass partial differential equation involving multiple space variables.
TL;DR: Pollen grains of Plumbago zeylanica L. were serially sectioned and examined using transmission electron microscopy to determine the three-dimensional organization of sperm cells within the microgametophyte and the quantity of membrane-bound organelles occurring within each cell.
Abstract: Pollen grains of Plumbago zeylanica L. were serially sectioned and examined using transmission electron microscopy to determine the three-dimensional organization of sperm cells within the microgametophyte and the quantity of membrane-bound organelles occurring within each cell. Sperm cells occur in pairs within each pollen grain, but are dimorphic, differing in size, morphology and organelle content. The larger of the two sperm cells (Svn) is distinguished by the presence of a long (approx. 30 μm) projection, which wraps around and lies within embayments of the vegetative nucleus. This cell contains numerous mitochondria, up to two plastids and, infrequently, microbodies. It is characterized by a larger volume and surface area and contains a larger nucleus than the other sperm cell. The second sperm cell (Sua) is linked by plasmodesmata with the Svn, but is unassociated with the vegetative nucleus. It is smaller and lacks a cellular projection. The Sua contains relatively few mitochondria, but numerous (up to 46) plastids and more microbodies than the other sperm. The degree of dimorphism in their content of heritable cytoplasmic organelles must at fertilization result in nearly unidirectional transmission of sperm plastids into just one of the two female reproductive cells, and preferential transmission of sperm mitochondria into the other.
29 Sep 1984-Journal of Comparative Physiology A-neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology
TL;DR: Intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase into physiologically identified E and I cells confirms the hypothesis that the anatomically identified basilar and non-basilar pyramidal cells correspond to the physiologically defined E andI cells.
Abstract: Previous anatomical and physiological studies of the gymnotoid electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELLL) suggest that the anatomically identified basilar and non-basilar pyramidal cells correspond to the physiologically defined E and I cells. Intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into physiologically identified E and I cells confirms this hypothesis. The morphologies and physiological responses of the basilar and non-basilar pyramidal cells were compared. Both types of pyramidal cells have extensive apical dendritic trees that interact with a parallel fiber network in the ELLL. The apical dendritic trees of the non-basilar pyramidal cells have a wider spread along the rostrocaudal axis of the ELLL than those of the basilar pyramidal cells. This difference is discussed in reference to the interaction of these cell types with the parallel fibers of the ELLL. The density of apical dendritic branches was measured and related to the distance of these branches from the cell body. No obvious differences were seen between the dendritic density patterns of basilar and non-basilar pyramidal cells. An interesting correlation, however, exists between the atypical physiological characteristics of two basilar pyramidal cells and their dendritic density patterns. Two cells of the medial (ampullary) segment of the ELLL were analyzed. Like the pyramidal cells of the three lateral (tuberous) regions of the ELLL, the physiology of these cells appears to be related to the presence of an extended basilar process. The ampullary cells, however, have apical dendritic trees that are oriented orthogonally to the dendritic trees of the pyramidal cells.
TL;DR: Perichondrial resurfacing arthroplasty should be considered contraindicated in the treatment of arthropathies resulting from healed pyarthrosis, systemic diseases with joint involvement, concomitant tendon reconstruction, and age over 40 years.
Abstract: A retrospective study of 36 perichondrial resurfacing arthroplasties, 16 metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints, and 20 proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints with a minimum follow-up of 3 years was conducted to further define indication and contraindication of this procedure. The overall results for MP joints were 56% good, 25% fair, and 19% revision, and for PIP joints, 55% good, 15% fair, and 30% revision. All arthroplasties for healed pyarthrosis failed. Concomitant tendon repair was a cofactor in the high failure rate. Patient age had a direct influence on the outcome of the arthroplasty. In MP joint arthroplasties, 100% of patients in their 20s had good results and 75% in their 30s had good results. In PIP joint arthroplasties, 75% of patients in their teens and 66% in their 20s had good results. Good results were not recorded in MP or PIP joints for patients older than 40 years of age. Perichondrial resurfacing arthroplasty should be considered contraindicated in the treatment of arthropathies resulting from healed pyarthrosis, systemic diseases with joint involvement, concomitant tendon reconstruction, and age over 40 years. The procedure is indicated and can be utilized in the treatment of traumatic arthritis of the MP and PIP joints of the hand in young individuals.
TL;DR: In Texas, great egret Casmerodius albus chicks attack younger nestmates, often fatally (siblicide), by contrast, the young of neighboring great blue herons Ardea herodias seldom strike or kill siblings.
Abstract: In Texas, great egret Casmerodius albus chicks attack younger nestmates, often fatally (siblicide). By contrast, the young of neighboring great blue herons Ardea herodias seldom strike or kill siblings. These interspecific differences seem related to prey size: only fish provided by egret parents are small enough for chicks to monopolize (a process facilitated by aggression). Experimentally cross-fostered heron chicks raised on small prey by egret parents became siblicidal, but the reverse procedure of cross-fostering egret chicks did not reduce aggression or siblicide.
TL;DR: This paper showed that through the use of neutralization strategies which justify tax evasion, the inhibiting effect of guilt feelings is sharply reduced, and the implications of this finding for tax compliance programs based on appeals to the moral obligation of paying taxes are discussed.
Abstract: The failure of individuals to pay their taxes in full is a serious budgetary problem for the federal government. Existing research (Schwartz and Orleans, 1967; Grasmick and Scott, 1982) suggests that efforts to increase the guilt feelings experienced for tax evasion might improve compliance. However, neutralization theory (Sykes and Matza, 1957) predicts that guilt feelings can be reduced by neutralization strategies which justify guilt-producing behavior, compromising the inhibiting effect of guilt feelings. Our research shows that through the use of neutralization strategies which justify tax evasion the inhibiting effect of guilt feelings is sharply reduced. The implications of this finding for tax compliance programs based on appeals to the moral obligation of paying taxes are discussed.
TL;DR: It is concluded that both brainwriting and brainstorming will be useful in different situations and should be viewed as supplemental rather than primary sources of new product ideas.
Abstract: Among the many different methods used to generate new product ideas, group brainstorming has been one of the most popular. However, brainstorming has fallen into disfavor with many practitioners and researchers on the basis of such factors as the necessity for a skilled group leader, the potential for conflicts among members which can disrupt the process, and the possibility of one or more members dominating the discussion. Brainwriting, which is the silent, written generation of ideas by a group, is proposed as an alternative to brainstorming. Six different group brainiwriting techniques are described and suggestions given for the most appropriate use of each. It is concluded that both brainwriting and brainstorming will be useful in different situations and should be viewed as supplemental rather than primary sources of new product ideas. Furthermore, it is noted that idea generation is only part of the process. The best ideas in the world will be of little value if they are not implemented successfully.
TL;DR: Experiments show that the growth of microorganisms significantly reduces the permeability of porous rock, particularly for the correction of permeability variation.
Abstract: Experiments were conducted to study the feasibility of using microorganisms in EOR, particularly for the correction of permeability variation. The use of microorganisms requires the ability to transport viable cells as well as the nutrients required for cellular growth through reservoir formations. Nutrients such as glucose, peptone-protein, and phosphate and ammonium ions were transported through brine-saturated Berea sandstone cores in amounts sufficient to support microbial growth. Viable bacterial cells were transported through sandstone cores of 170-md permeability. Less than 1% of the influent cell concentration was recovered in the effluent, indicating a high degree of cell retention inside the core. The addition of nutrients to these cores and subsequent incubation to allow for microbial growth resulted in permeability reductions of 60 to 80%. These data show that the growth of microorganisms significantly reduces the permeability of porous rock.
TL;DR: Results indicate negative associations between support and perceived stress and strain and no evidence for the buffering effects of emotional support is found.
Abstract: This article uses a national sample of social workers to examine the relationship between work stress, strain, and emotional support. These results indicate negative associations between support and perceived stress and strain. The authors, however, found no evidence for the buffering effects of emotional support. The authors discuss the implications of these findings.
TL;DR: Marked prolongation of the electrocardiographic QT interval often is associated with a distinctive form of ventricular tachycardia characterized by the gradual oscillation around the baseline of the peaks of successive QRS complexes, named torsades de pointes, or "twisting of the points."
TL;DR: The program is used to compare three ranking algorithms provided by Agterberg and Nel as well as to determine whether the algorithms work as well for datasets combining lads and fads vs datasets for lads- only or fads-only.
TL;DR: Linearly independent, orthogonal, and uncorrelated are three terms used to indicate lack of relationship between variables in algebraic and geometric models of variables as discussed by the authors, respectively.
Abstract: Linearly independent, orthogonal, and uncorrelated are three terms used to indicate lack of relationship between variables. This short didactic article compares these three terms in both an algebraic and a geometric framework. An example is used to illustrate the differences.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a model for organizing family issues and family treatment based on Schutz's theory of group development, and propose that inclusion, control and affection constitute a logical hierarchy of core issues to be dealt with in treating multiproblem families.
Abstract: This paper presents a model for organizing family issues and family treatment. Schutz's FIRO model is offered as a framework for organizing family issues into inclusion, control and affection categories. Following Schutz's theory of group development, we propose that inclusion, control and affection constitute a logical hierarchy of core issues to be dealt with in treating multiproblem families-inclusion first, then control, and then affection (intimacy). Furthermore, we propose that the FIRO model can be used to organize theories of family therapy. We attempt to demonstrate that different family therapies are best suited for one of the three core issues of family interaction. We advocate an “intelligent eclecticism” based on the premise that when an issue is appropriately matched with a therapy, therapeutic effectiveness should be enhanced. We also discuss implications of our Family FIRO model for clinical practice.
TL;DR: The results suggest that 10-R2 serum possesses a heat-labile factor which specifically activate B. glabrata hemocytes to encapsulate and destroy sporocysts whereas PR albino serum lacks this factor.
TL;DR: In this paper, the momentum spectrum of leptons produced in semileptonic B-meson decays was used to set a 90%-confidence-level upper limit on GAMMA(b..-->..ul..nu..)/GAMMA( b..-->.cl..nu).
Abstract: We have used the momentum spectrum of leptons produced in semileptonic B-meson decays to set a 90%-confidence-level upper limit on GAMMA(b..-->..ul..nu..)/GAMMA(b..-->..cl..nu..) of 4%. We also measure the semileptonic branching fractions of the B meson to be (12.0 +- 0.7 +- 0.5)% for electrons and (10.8 +- 0.6 +- 1.0)% for muons.