Showing papers by "University of Oklahoma published in 1989"

Lack of Method Variance in Self-Reported Affect and Perceptions at Work: Reality or Artifact?

Abstract: Une reanalyse factorielle des donnees de Spector (1987) met a l'epreuve la validite de sa conclusion critique par rapport a la realite des variances des methodes dans un type de recherche sur les organisations

Characterization of the cDNA encoding human nucleophosmin and studies of its role in normal and abnormal growth.

Abstract: A cDNA encoding human nucleophosmin (protein B23) was obtained by screening a human placental cDNA library in {delta}gtll first with monoclonal antibody to rat nucleophosmin and then with confirmed partial cDNA of human nucleophosmin as probes. The cDNA had 1,311 bp with a coding sequence encoding a protein of 294 amino acids. The identity of the cDNA was confirmed by the presence of encoded amino acid sequences identical with those determined by sequencing pure rat nucleophosmin (a total of 138 amino acids). The most striking feature of the sequence is an acidic cluster located in the middle of the molecule. The cluster consists of 26 Asp/Glu and 1 Phe and Ala. Comparison of human nucleophosmin and Xenopus nucleolar protein NO38 shows 64.3% sequence identity. The N-terminal 130 amino acids of human nucleophosmin also bear 50% identity with that of Xenopus nucleoplasmin. Northern blot analysis of rat liver total RNA with a partial nucleophosmin cDNA as probe demonstrated a homogeneous mRNA band of about 1.6 kb. Similar observations were made in hypertrophic rat liver and Novikoff hepatoma. When the protein levels were compared with Western blot immunoassays, Navikoff hepatoma showed 20 times more nucleophosmin, while only about 5 times more nucleophosminmore » was observed in hypertrophic rat liver than in unstimulated normal liver.« less

Application of differential quadrature to static analysis of structural components

Abstract: The numerical technique of differential quadrature for the solution of linear and non-linear partial differential equations, first introduced by Bellman and his associates, is applied to the equations governing the deflection and buckling behaviour of one- and two-dimensional structural components. Separate transformations are used for higher-order derivatives, as suggested by Mingle, thus extending the method to treat fourth-order equations and to include multiple, boundary conditions in the respective co-ordinate directions. Results are obtained for various boundary and loading conditions and are compared with existing exact and numerical solutions by other methods. The application of differential quadrature to this class of problems is seen to lead to accurate results with relatively small computational effort.

Effect of ranitidine gastroduodenal mucosal damage induced by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs

Abstract: The effect of ranitidine in preventing mucosal damage caused by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was evaluated for eight weeks in a prospective study of 144 patients requiring NSAIDs. Patients with normal endoscopic findings were randomly assigned to receive either ranitidine 150 mg twice daily or placebo for eight weeks, along with either ibuprofen, indomethacin, naproxen, sulindac, or piroxicam. Duodenal damage was significantly less in the ranitidine group compared with the placebo group by weeks 4 and 8 (P≤0.01). Duodenal ulcers did not develop in any patients on ranitidine (0/57) compared with 4/49 patients (8%) on placebo (P=0.02). No significant difference was found between treatment groups with respect to gastric damage; 6/60 (10%) in the ranitidine group compared with 6/50 (12%) in the placebo group developed gastric ulcers. These findings suggest that acid suppression is of greater importance for mucosal protection in the duodenum than in the stomach, where other defense mechanisms may be operative. While ranitidine is an effective prophylaxis for NSAID-induced damage in the duodenum, further studies are needed to define specific risk groups and to assess the potential usefulness of more complete acid suppression in preventing gastric mucosal damage.

Quality of life as an outcome variable in the management of cancer pain

Abstract: Valid measurement tools are needed by oncology researchers to help in the evaluation of the effectiveness of pain relief methods used in the treatment of cancer patients. A study was conducted to assess the validity and reliability of a tool designed to evaluate quality of life as a measure of pain management outcome in the individual patient. Items in the tested quality of life survey represented the areas of psychologic well-being, physical well-being, general and specific symptom control, and degree of social support. Using the test instrument, two oncology nurses interviewed subjects in three groups, each consisting of 50 subjects: cancer patients with pain, cancer patients without pain, and subjects with no cancer. Statistical analysis of the interview results revealed that the instrument has test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and interrater reliability, as well as content and construct validity for the major factors, psychologic well-being, worry, and nutrition. Further revision of the instrument is needed to restructure its subscales. The quality of life tool will enable researchers to evaluate a treatment regarding not only its effect on pain intensity but also its impact on the total individual.

Prevalence of the epilepsies in children and adolescents.

Abstract: The prevalence of epilepsy in children and adolescents from birth through age 19 years was determined for residents of two counties in central Oklahoma. Cases, identified from hospitals, clinics, private physicians' offices, and EEG laboratory and emergency room records, numbered 1,159, yielding a prevalence rate of 4.71 per 1,000. The prevalence was highest in children aged 1-4 years. Overall, males had a slightly higher prevalence rate than females (M:F = 1.1). However, the male/female ratio varied by age, with the group aged less than 1 year having the highest ratio (M:F = 1.5), and by type of epilepsy, with males having higher rates of simple partial epilepsy (M:F = 1.8) and infantile spasms (M:F = 1.5). The prevalence of epilepsy was higher in blacks than in whites. Differences in prevalence by race were confined primarily to generalized epilepsies (B:W = 1.8). The most common types of epilepsy were tonic, clonic, and tonic-clonic (1.14 per 1,000), complex partial (0.39 per 1,000), and partial seizures secondarily generalized (0.33 per 1,000). Approximately 70% of cases were considered idiopathic. Among the presumed causes were perinatal factors (7%), trauma (4%), central nervous system (CNS) infection (3%), and congenital/developmental factors (3). Sixty-five percent of cases had at least one additional medical problem. The most common types of comorbidity were motor handicap (13%) and developmental delay (24%).

Geochemical Characterization of Evaporite and Carbonate Depositional Environments and Correlation of Associated Crude Oils in the Black Creek Basin, Alberta

Abstract: Biomarker and geochemical data obtained on crude oils and potential source rocks from the Black Creek Basin in northwestern Alberta indicate a local source for the oil consisting of bituminous carbonate units in the Muskeg Formation and bituminous mud-mound and deeper water units in the Lower Keg River Member. The crude oils and the Muskeg source rock exhibited biomarker distributions indicative of evaporitic environments. Samples with a strong evaporite signature had low Pr/Ph ratios (0.5), an abundance of pregnane, and a C24 tetracyclic terpane, and contained squalane, -carotane and aryl isoprenoids. In the Black Creek Basin, the biomarker parameters that could be associated with carbonate source environments are higher Pr/Ph ratios (0.6 - 1.0) and diasterane/sterane ratios and the presence of head-to-head long-chain isoprenoids. Geochemical characteristics indicative of both evaporite and carbonate environments in the Black Creek Basin are an abundance of organic sulphur compounds (OSC), specifically alkyldibenzothiophenes, and norhopane/hopane and C35/C34 extended hopane values greater than one. The mature nature of this basin was reflected in many of the biomarker parameters measured from the hydrocarbons present in the oils and extracts. A mechanism for vertical migration from the Muskeg formation to the Muskeg Reservoirs through local fracturing of anhydrites due to dissolution of Black Creek halite is proposed and discussed. RESUME Des donnees de biomarqueurs et geochimiques obtenues sur des petroles bruts et des roches meres potentielles dans le bassin Black Creek du nord-ouest de l'Alberta indiquent une source locale pour l'huile qui consiste en unites de roches carbonatees bitumineuses dans la formation Muskeg, et en unites de monticules de boue et d'eau plus profonde dans le membre Keg River inferieur. Les petroles bruts et les roches meres Muskeg montrerent une distribution de biomarqueurs qui indiquent un milieu de depot evaporitique. Des echantillons avec de forts indices evaporitiques avaient de faibles rapports Pr/Ph ( 0,5), une abondance de pregnane, et une terpane tetracyclique C24, et contenant de la squalane, de la beta-carotane et des isoprenoides aryliques. Dans le bassin Black Creek, les parametres des biomarqueurs qui pourraient etre associes a un milieu source carbonate sont plus eleves (Pr/Ph de 0,6 a 1,0) et des rapports diasterane/sterane et la presence de longues chaines isoprenoides. Des caracteristiques geochimiques qui indiquent un milieu evaporitique autant qu'un milieux carbonate dans le bassin Black Creek sont une abondance de composes organiques de souffre (COS), plus precisement les alkyldibenzothiophenes, et norhopane/hopane et des valeurs de hopane C35/C34 etendues plus grandes que un. La nature mature de ce bassin se refleta dans plusieurs parametres des biomarqueurs mesures a partir des hydrocarbures presents dans les huiles et les extraits. Un mecanisme de migration verticale de la formation Muskeg aux reservoirs Muskeg a travers des fractures localisees dans les anhydrites a cause de la dissolution de la halite Black Creek, est propose et discute. Traduit par Marc Charest

Vapor-undersaturated experiments with Macusani glass+H 2 O at 200 MPa, and the internal differentiation of granitic pegmatites

Abstract: Vapor-undersaturated fractional crystallization experiments with Macusani glass (macusanite), a peraluminous rhyolite obsidian, at 200 MPa yield mineralogical fabrics and zonation, and melt fractionation trends that closely resemble those found in zoned granitic pegmatites and other granitoids of comparable composition (typically peraluminous, Li-Be-Ta-rich deposits). The zonation from the edge of charges inward is characterized by: (1) fine-grained sodic feldspar-quartz border zones; (2) a fringe of very coarse-grained graphic quartz-feldspar intergrowths that flair radially toward melt and terminate with nearly monophase K-feldspar; (3) cores of very coarse-grained, nearly monominerallic quartz or virgilite (LiAlSi5O12)±mica; and (4) late-stage, fine-grained albite+mica intergrowths that are deposited from alkaline, Na-rich interstitial melt at vapor saturation. Similar experimental products have been observed in compositionally simpler, less evolved systems. Liquid lines of descent from initially H2O-undersaturated runs are marked by a decrease in SiO2, and increases in Na/K, B, P, F, H2O, and a variety of trace lithophile cations. These trends are believed to be governed by three factors: (1) disequilibrium growth of feldspars (±quartz) via metastable supersaturation; (2) fractionation of melt toward SiO2-depleted, Na-rich compositions due to increases in B, P, and F; and (3) changes in nucleation and growth rates, mostly as a function of the H2O content of melt (X w m ). In contrast, experiments that are cooled below the liquidus from the field of melt+aqueous vapor (London et al. 1988) fail to replicate pegmatitic characteristics in most respects. On the basis of these and other experiments, we suggest that the formation of pegmatite fabrics stems primarily from fractional crystallization in volatile-rich melts, and that enrichments in normally trace lithophile elements result from melt differentiation trends toward increasingly alkaline, silica-depleted compositions. Although vapor saturation at near-solidus and subsolidus conditions may promote extensive recrystallization, an aqueous vapor phase does not appear to be necessary for the generation of most of the salient characteristics of pegmatites.

Protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane: identification by photocross-linking of a 39-kD integral membrane glycoprotein as part of a putative translocation tunnel.

Abstract: The molecular environment of secretory proteins during translocation across the ER membrane was examined by photocross-linking. Nascent preprolactin chains of various lengths, synthesized by in vitro translation of truncated messenger RNAs in the presence of N epsilon-(5-azido-2-nitrobenzoyl)-Lys-tRNA, signal recognition particle, and microsomal membranes, were used to position photoreactive probes at various locations within the membrane. Upon photolysis, each nascent chain species was cross-linked to an integral membrane glycoprotein with a deduced mass of 39 kD (mp39) via photoreactive lysines located in either the signal sequence or the mature prolactin sequence. Thus, different portions of the nascent preprolactin chain are in close proximity to the same membrane protein during the course of translocation, and mp39 therefore appears to be part of the translocon, the specific site of protein translocation across the ER membrane. The similarity of the molecular and cross-linking properties of mp39 and the glyco-protein previously identified as a signal sequence receptor (Wiedmann, M., T. V. Kurzchalia, E. Hartmann, and T. A. Rapoport. 1987. Nature [Lond.]. 328: 830-833) suggests that these two proteins may be identical. Our data indicate, however, that mp39 does not (or not only) function as a signal sequence receptor, but rather may be part of a putative translocation tunnel.

Nonlinear bending analysis of orthotropic rectangular plates by the method of differential quadrature

Abstract: The behavior of thin, rectangular, orthotropic elastic plates, with immovable edges and undergoing large deflections, is investigated by the numerical technique of differential quadrature. Approximate results are obtained, using the Newton-Raphson method and, alternatively, a finite-difference-based method to solve the nonlinear systems of equations. Bending stresses, membrane stresses, and deflections are calculated for plates with fully clamped and simply supported flexural edge conditions under uniform pressure loading. Results are compared with existing analytical, numerical, and experimental ones. The present method gives good accuracy and is computationally efficient.

Nebulized albuterol for acute hyperkalemia in patients on hemodialysis.

Abstract: Study objective To determine the efficacy and safety of nebulized albuterol in the acute treatment of hyperkalemia in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Design Prospective, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. Setting Outpatient hemodialysis clinic at a university medical center. Patients Ten patients on maintenance hemodialysis who had chronic hyperkalemia. Interventions Patients received nebulized albuterol therapy (10 mg or 20 mg) or placebo (saline) on three separate occasions, serial measurements of plasma potassium levels, blood pressure, and pulse were then taken for a 2-hour period. Measurements and main result Patients had a significant decrease in plasma potassium concentrations that was evident by 30 minutes and sustained for at least 2 hours after albuterol treatment. After the administration of 10- and 20-mg doses of albuterol, the maximal decrease in the plasma potassium levels was 0.62 +/- 0.09 and 0.98 +/- 0.14 mmol/L (SE), respectively. Nebulized saline administration did not produce a significant change in the plasma potassium concentrations. Patients did not develop symptoms or significant changes in blood pressure or heart rate with albuterol treatment. Conclusions In the doses used, nebulized albuterol therapy resulted in a prompt and significant decrease in the plasma potassium concentrations in patients on hemodialysis, and caused no adverse cardiovascular effects. This treatment should be considered as an important adjunct for acute treatment of serious hyperkalemia in this population of patients.

Experimental reactions of amphibolite with boron-bearing aqueous fluids at 200 MPa: implications for tourmaline stability and partial melting in mafic rocks

Abstract: Reactions between hornblende-plagioclase amphibolite and acidic and alkaline B-bearing aqueous fluids have been investigated by experiments at 475°–600° C and 200 MPa. At 600° C, hornblende+calcic plagioclase react to form tourmaline+danburite+clinopyroxene+quartz in acidic fluids containing ≥0.5–1.0 wt% B2O3.Tourmaline is precipitated directly from acidic fluids, and the reaction is driven by neutralization of fluids by Na±Ca derived from the breakdown of reactant solids. The concentration of B2O3 in fluids needed to stabilize tourmaline increases as pH increases (above approximately 6.0), and tourmaline is unstable in alkaline fluids (pH > approximately 6.5–7.0) regardless of B concentration. In addition to acid-base relations, tourmaline stability is favored by comparatively higher activity coefficients for Al species in acidic fluids. The concentrations of Al and Si in fluid increase with alkalinity, with the eventual production of felsic borosilicate melts through partial melting of the plagioclase component of the amphibolite. In seeded experiments, tourmaline also contributes components to melt. Partial melting is evident in the range 500°–525° C at 200 MPa in experiments with ≥8wt% B2O3 in fluid as Na2B4O7. The experimental results are applied primarily to metasomatic reactions between mafic rocks and borate fluids derived from granitic magmas, but tourmaline stability and partial melting in mafic regional metamorphic systems are also discussed briefly.

Management of femoral shaft fractures in the adolescent.

Abstract: Forty-four patients (45 fractures) with open physes (age range 11-16 years) underwent treatment for femoral shaft fractures. Seven malunions occurred in the 24 fractures in the nonoperative group; none occurred in the 21 fractures treated by intramedullary nailing. Hospital stay was significantly shorter in the operatively treated patients. There was no premature growth arrest in the surgical group.

Anaerobic metabolic processes in the deep terrestrial subsurface

Abstract: Anaerobic microorganisms were enumerated and metabolic activities measured in deep Coastal Plain sediments sampled from three water‐bearing formations at depths down to 300 m. Aseptically obtained sediment cores harbored the potential for anaerobic biodegradation of various substrates in almost all samples. Although the sediments were not predominantly anaerobic, viable methanogens and sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) were present almost throughout the depth profile. Coliform organisms were also found at various locations, but were not recoverable from drilling muds or water used to slurry the muds. The anaerobic metabolism of lactate and formate was easily detected in most samples. However, acetate and benzoate were degraded only in portions of the subsurface that harbored methanogens. The water‐saturated transmissive zones harbored the highest numbers of SRB and the potential for the widest variety of anaerobic metabolic activities. Small or negligible anaerobic microbial activity was associated...

Mechanisms of microbial movement in subsurface materials

Abstract: The biological factors important in the penetration of Escherichia coli through anaerobic, nutrient-saturated, Ottawa sand-packed cores were studied under static conditions. In cores saturated with galactose-peptone medium, motile strains of E. coli penetrated four times faster than mutants defective only in flagellar synthesis. Motile, nonchemotactic mutants penetrated the cores faster than did the chemotactic parental strain. This, plus the fact that a chemotactic galactose mutant penetrated cores saturated with peptone medium at the same rate with or without a galactose gradient, indicates that chemotaxis may not be required for bacterial penetration through unconsolidated porous media. The effect of gas production on bacterial penetration was studied by using motile and nonmotile E. coli strains together with their respective isogenic non-gas-producing mutants. No differences were observed between the penetration rates of the two motile strains through cores saturated with peptone medium with or without galactose. However, penetration of both nonmotile strains was detected only with galactose. The nonmotile, gas-producing strain penetrated cores saturated with galactose-peptone medium five to six times faster than did the nonmotile, non-gas-producing mutant, which indicates that gas production is an important mechanism for the movement of nonmotile bacteria through unconsolidated porous media. For motile strains, the penetration rate decreased with increasing galactose concentrations in the core and with decreasing inoculum sizes. Also, motile strains with the faster growth rates had faster penetration rates. These results imply that, for motile bacteria, the penetration rate is regulated by the in situ bacterial growth rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Selective delivery of an acardiac, acephalic twin.

Abstract: THE acardius fetal malformation, occurring once in every 35,000 births, was first described by Benedetti in an account published in 1533.1 This rare, lethal malformation of one of twin fetuses has ...

Problem-Solving Appraisal and Coping Style: The Influence of Sex-Role Orientation and Gender

Abstract: In this study, 138 subjects were administered the Bern Sex-Role Inventory (Bem, 1974), the Problem-Solving Inventory (Heppner, 1986), and the FIRO-Cope (Schutz, 1962) to assess the relationships among sex-role orientation, gender, problem-solving appraisal and coping style choices. Using a stepwise multiple regression approach, findings revealed that masculinity and maleness are positively related to problem-solving appraisal, confidence, and willingness to approach problem-solving situations. Choice of coping strategies was mediated by gender and sex-role orientation. Maleness was positively related to the use of denial, whereas femaleness was related to the greater utilization of turning against self. These results point to the need for a reconceptualization of androgyny and its impact on an individual's psychological well-being.

The Perception of Statistical Graphs

Abstract: Graphs have been an essential tool for the analysis and communication of statistical data for about 200 years. Despite widespread use and their importance in science, business, and many other walks of life, relatively little is known about how people perceive and process statistical graphs. This article reviews several empirical studies designed to explore the suitability of various graphs for a variety of purposes, and discusses the relevant theoretical psychological literature. The role of traditional psychophysics is considered, especially in connection with the long-running dispute concerning the relative merits of pie and bar charts. The review also discusses experiments on the perception of scatterplots and the use of multivariate displays, and points out the need for more empirical work.