Showing papers by "University of Oklahoma published in 1991"
TL;DR: In this article, applied linear regression models are used for linear regression in the context of quality control in quality control systems, and the results show that linear regression is effective in many applications.
Abstract: (1991). Applied Linear Regression Models. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 76-77.
1,811 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the trace element and isotopic constraints for the three OIB end-members suggest a relatively simple model for their origin, where the dominant component in all OIB is ancient recycled basaltic oceanic crust which has been processed through a subduction zone.
1,037 citations
TL;DR: This study shows that vagal stimulation, performed shortly after the onset of an acute ischemic episode in conscious animals with a healed myocardial infarction, can effectively prevent ventricular fibrillation.
Abstract: The interest for the antifibrillatory effect of vagal stimulation has been largely limited by the fact that this concept seemed restricted to acute experiments in anesthetized animals. To explore the potentially protective role of vagal stimulation in conscious animals we developed a chronically implantable device to be placed around the cervical right vagus. An anterior myocardial infarction was produced in 161 dogs; 1 month later an exercise stress test was performed on the 105 survivors. Toward the end of the test the circumflex coronary artery was occluded for 2 minutes. Fifty-nine (56%) dogs developed ventricular fibrillation and, before this test was repeated, were assigned either to a control group (n = 24) or to be instrumented with the vagal device (n = 35). Five dogs were excluded because of electrode malfunction. Compared with the heart rate level attained after 30 seconds of occlusion during exercise in the control test, vagal stimulation led to a decrease of approximately 75 beats/min (from 255 +/- 33 to 170 +/- 36 beats/min, p less than 0.001). In the control group 22 (92%) of 24 dogs developed ventricular fibrillation during the second exercise and ischemia test. By contrast, during vagal stimulation ventricular fibrillation occurred in only 3 (10%) of the 30 dogs tested and recurred in 26 (87%) during an additional exercise and ischemia test in the control condition (p less than 0.001 versus the vagal stimulation test; internal control analysis). Combined analysis of the tests performed in the control condition showed that ventricular fibrillation was reproducible in 48 (89%) of the 54 dogs tested. The protective effect of vagal stimulation was also significant in the group comparison analysis and even after exclusion of those four dogs in which ventricular fibrillation was not reproducible (92% versus 11.5%, control versus vagal stimulation, p less than 0.001). When heart rate was kept constant by atrial pacing, the vagally mediated protection was still significant (p = 0.015) as five (55%) of nine dogs survived the test. This study shows that vagal stimulation, performed shortly after the onset of an acute ischemic episode in conscious animals with a healed myocardial infarction, can effectively prevent ventricular fibrillation. This striking result seems to depend on multiple mechanisms having a synergistic action. The decrease in heart rate is an important but not always essential protective mechanism. The electrophysiological effects secondary to the vagally mediated antagonism of the sympathetic activity on the heart are likely to play a major role.
787 citations
TL;DR: Data from 1979 to 1990 for three salamander species and one frog species at a breeding pond in South Carolina showed fluctuations of substantial magnitude in both the size of breeding populations and in recruitment of juveniles, illustrating that to distinguish between natural population fluctuations and declines with anthropogenic causes may require long-term studies.
Abstract: Reports of declining amphibian populations in many parts of the world are numerous, but supporting long-term census data are generally unavailable. Census data from 1979 to 1990 for three salamander species and one frog species at a breeding pond in South Carolina showed fluctuations of substantial magnitude in both the size of breeding populations and in recruitment of juveniles. Breeding population sizes exhibited no overall trend in three species and increased in the fourth. Recent droughts account satisfactorily for an increase in recruitment failures. These data illustrate that to distinguish between natural population fluctuations and declines with anthropogenic causes may require long-term studies.
757 citations
TL;DR: Exposure of endothelial cells to oxygen radicals induces the prolonged expression of GMP-140 on the cell surface, which results in enhanced PMN adherence, and the effect of oxidants on this process was examined by treating human endothelial Cells with H2O2, t-butylhydroperoxide, or menadione.
Abstract: The initial step in extravasation of neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMNs]) to the extravascular space is adherence to the endothelium. We examined the effect of oxidants on this process by treating human endothelial cells with H2O2, t-butylhydroperoxide, or menadione. This resulted in a surface adhesive for PMN between 1 and 4 h after exposure. The oxidants needed to be present only for a brief period at the initiation of the assay. Adhesion was an endothelial cell-dependent process that did not require an active response from the PMN. The adhesive molecule was not platelet-activating factor, which mediates PMN adherence when endothelial cells are briefly exposed to higher concentrations of H2O2 (Lewis, M. S., R. E. Whatley, P. Cain, T. M. McIntyre, S. M. Prescott, and G. A. Zimmerman. 1988. J. Clin. Invest. 82:2045-2055), nor was it ELAM-1, an adhesive glycoprotein induced by cytokines. Oxidant-induced adhesion did not require protein synthesis, was inhibited by antioxidants, and, when peroxides were the oxidants, was inhibited by intracellular iron chelators. Granule membrane protein-140 (GMP-140) is a membrane-associated glycoprotein that can be translocated from its intracellular storage pool to the surface of endothelial cells where it acts as a ligand for PMN adhesion (Geng, J.-G., M. P. Bevilacqua, K. L. Moore, T. M. McIntyre, S. M. Prescott, J. M. Kim, G. A. Bliss, G. A. Zimmerman, and R. P. McEver. 1990. Nature (Lond). 343:757-760). We found that endothelial cells exposed to oxidants expressed GMP-140 on their surface, and that an mAb against GMP-140 or solubilized GMP-140 completely blocked PMN adherence to oxidant-treated endothelial cells. Thus, exposure of endothelial cells to oxygen radicals induces the prolonged expression of GMP-140 on the cell surface, which results in enhanced PMN adherence.
614 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship of career mentoring to the promotions and compensation received by 404 early career managers and professionals working in a variety of organizations and found that the relationship between mentoring and career promotion was positively correlated.
Abstract: This study examined the relationship of career mentoring to the promotions and compensation received by 404 early career managers and professionals working in a variety of organizations. The result...
525 citations
TL;DR: A review of the basic physics underlying the r-process, the operation of the mechanisms for rprocess nucleosynthesis, the possible astrophysical sites, their time evolution in galactic evolution models, and the inferred ages of the Galaxy can be found in this article.
476 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a revised set of constructs designed to build on Dess and Beard's (1984) measurement of these constructs, and investigate the predictive validity of both their measures and Dess-and-Beard's by using them to predict industry performance.
434 citations
Harvard University1, Stanford University2, Tufts University3, Icos4, University of Washington5, Boehringer Ingelheim6, Genentech7, University of Oklahoma8, Cytel9, University of California, Berkeley10, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center11, University of Michigan12, University of California, San Diego13, University of Utah14
TL;DR: This paper proposes that a group of cell surface proteins, originally studied independently as lymphocyte homing receptors or as activation-induced surface proteins of platelets and/or endothelial cells, are structurally related and should be named selectins to reflect the involvement of carbohydrate recognition in their functions.
363 citations
TL;DR: A spatially intensive survey in 1989 of 52 sites in the Red River drainage in southwest Oklahoma and surveys in all years from 1978 to 1987 on four sites of the drainage provided evidence that construction of Altus Dam on the North Fork of Red River caused major changes in fish community structure in the river above the dam as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A spatially intensive survey in 1989 of 52 sites in the Red River drainage in southwest Oklahoma and surveys in all years from 1978 to 1987 on four sites in the drainage provided evidence that construction of Altus Dam on the North Fork of the Red River caused major changes in fish community structure in the river above the dam Pre-impoundment data on the fish communities were scanty, but the inferences they allowed were similar to those obtained by comparing fish assemblages in the North Fork above the dam with assemblages elsewhere in the drainage, particularly along Salt Fork, which had similar habitat characteristics Twenty-five species were collected in the North Fork above Altus Dam, compared to 33 in the Salt Fork and 34 in the North Fork below the dam The speckled chub Macrhybopsis (formerly Hybopsis) aestivalis and the chub shiner Notropis potteri were absent in the North Fork above Altus Dam but fairly common in similar streams elsewhere in the area The plains minnow Hybognathus pla
307 citations
TL;DR: The cause of inclusion body formation in Escherichia coli grown at 37°C is studied using statistical analysis of the composition of 81 proteins that do and do not form inclusion bodies using composition derived parameters as the basis for the prediction.
Abstract: We have studied the cause of inclusion body formation in Escherichia coli grown at 37 degrees C using statistical analysis of the composition of 81 proteins that do and do not form inclusion bodies. Six composition derived parameters were used. In declining order of their correlation with inclusion body formation, the parameters are charge average, turn forming residue fraction, cysteine fraction, proline fraction, hydrophilicity, and total number of residues. The correlation with inclusion body formation is strong for the first two parameters but weak for the last four. This correlation can be used to predict the probability that a protein will form inclusion bodies using only the protein's amino acid composition as the basis for the prediction.
TL;DR: Results reported in electrophysiological experiments confirm those reported in functional studies and the NA coeruleospinal system appears to play a significant role in spinal nociceptive processing.
Abstract: Multiple separate and distinct supraspinally organized descending inhibitory systems have been identified which are capable of powerfully modulating spinal nociceptive transmission. Until recently, brainstem sites known to be involved in the centrifugal modulation of spinal nociceptive transmission were few in number, being limited to midline structures in the midbrain and medulla (e.g., periaqueductal gray and nucleus raphe magnus). However, with continued investigation, that number has increased and brainstem sites previously thought to be primarily involved in cardiovascular function and autonomic regulation (e.g., nucleus tractus solitarius; locus coeruleus/subcoeruleus (LC/SC); A5 cell group; lateral reticular nucleus) also have been demonstrated to play a role in the modulation of spinal nociceptive transmission. Spinal monoamines (norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin) have been shown to mediate stimulation-produced descending inhibition of nociceptive transmission from these brainstem sites. The majority of NE-containing fibers and terminations in the spinal cord arise from supraspinal sources; thus, the LC/SC, the parabrachial nuclei, the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus and the A5 cell group have all been suggested as possible sources of the spinal noradrenergic (NA) innervation involved in the centrifugal modulation of spinal nociceptive transmission. Several lines of evidence suggest that the LC/SC plays a significant role in a functionally important descending inhibitory NA system. Focal electrical stimulation in the LC produces an antinociception and increases significantly the spinal content of NA metabolites. The inhibition of the nociceptive tail-flick withdrawal reflex produced by electrical stimulation in the LC/SC has been demonstrated to be mediated by postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the lumbar spinal cord. Similarly, electrical or chemical stimulation given in the LC/SC inhibits noxious-evoked dorsal horn neuronal activity. Thus, results reported in electrophysiological experiments confirm those reported in functional studies and the NA coeruleospinal system appears to play a significant role in spinal nociceptive processing.
TL;DR: In this article, it is argued that a number of important, and seemingly disparate, types of representation are species of a single relation, here called structural representation, that can be described in detail and studied in a way that is of considerable philosophical interest.
Abstract: It is argued that a number of important, and seemingly disparate, types of representation are species of a single relation, here called structural representation, that can be described in detail and studied in a way that is of considerable philosophical interest. A structural representation depends on the existence of a common structure between a representation and that which it represents, and it is important because it allows us to reason directly about the representation in order to draw conclusions about the phenomenon that it depicts. The present goal is to give a general and precise account of structural representation, then to use that account to illuminate several problems of current philosophical interest — including some that do not initially seem to involve representation at all. In particular, it is argued that ontological reductions (like that of the natural numbers to sets), compositional accounts of semantics, several important sorts of mental representation, and (perhaps) possible worlds semantics for intensional logics are all species of structural representation and are fruitfully studied in the framework developed here.
Ohio State University1, University of California, Santa Cruz2, Colgate University3, University of Texas at Austin4, University of Arizona5, Lowell Observatory6, Moscow State University7, National Research Council8, Carnegie Institution for Science9, Georgia State University10, University of California, Berkeley11, University of Florida12, University of California, San Diego13, University of Göttingen14, Harvard University15, Johns Hopkins University16, University of Michigan17, Space Telescope Science Institute18, Tel Aviv University19, University of California, Los Angeles20, University of British Columbia21, Mount Royal University22, University of Oklahoma23, Agnes Scott College24, Special Astrophysical Observatory25, Michigan State University26, National Central University27, Goddard Space Flight Center28, Max Planck Society29, University of Hawaii at Manoa30
TL;DR: In this paper, a large-scale ground-based optical spectroscopy and photometry of the variable Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548 undertaken in support of an IUE monitoring campaign is described.
Abstract: A large, international program of ground-based optical spectroscopy and photometry of the variable Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 5548 undertaken in support of an IUE monitoring campaign is described. This contribution presents the data base and describes the methods used to correct for systematic differences between spectra from different sources. Optical continuum and H-beta emission-line light curves are derived from the spectra. The behavior of the optical continuum is qualitatively the same as the behavior of the ultraviolet continuum. Cross-correlation of the ultraviolet and optical continuum measurements does not reveal any significant lag between them. The h-beta emission-line variations show the same basic pattern as seen in the continuum and ultraviolet emission lines, with H-beta lagging behind the continuum by about 20 days. This is significantly larger than the about 10 day lag deduced for Ly-alpha.
TL;DR: Ocean-island basalt (OIB) suites display significant and consistent differences in highly incompatible trace element ratios between islands which have end-member radiogenic isotope signatures as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Ocean-island basalt (OIB) suites display significant and consistent differences in highly incompatible trace element ratios between islands which have end-member radiogenic isotope signatures. OIB derived from sources with a high U/Pb ratio have trace element characteristics consistent with a source dominated by recycled ancient oceanic crust. OIB derived from the isotopically distinct enriched mantle sources have trace element characteristics best interpreted in terms of sources which are mixtures of high U/Pb OIB with minor amounts (a few percent) of recycled sedimentary (pelagic and terrigenous) components.
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between religiosity and involvement in illegal behavior overlooks Hirschi and Stark's original concern with religion as a sanctioning system, and thus overlooks the role of religion as an alternative to government.
Abstract: Previous research on the relationship between religiosity and involvement in illegal behavior overlooks Hirschi and Stark's original concern with religion as a sanctioning system. While Hirschi and...
TL;DR: In this paper, a higher-order plate theory is used in each individual layer to determine the natural frequencies and the relative stress and deflection distributions through the thickness of simply supported rectangular plates.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared high school chemistry students' applied and theoretical knowledge of selected concepts based on the particulate theory and found that more than 40% of the students displayed alternative conceptions (ACs) of the concepts covered in the PCCT.
Abstract: This study compares 183 high school chemistry students' applied and theoretical knowledge of selected concepts based on the particulate theory. The concepts are dissolution, diffusion, effusion, and states of matter. A two-form instrument called the Physical Changes Concepts Test (PCCT) was developed for this study. The application form measures students' knowlege using everyday language. The theoretical form measures students' knowledge using scientific language. Students' formal reasoning ability was measured using the Test Of Logical Thinking (TOLT). The overall results of the two forms of the PCCT indicate that more than 40% of the students displayed alternative conceptions (ACs) of the concepts covered in the PCCT. The study found that students' formal reasoning ability and their preexisting knowledge are associated with their conceptions and use of the particulate theory. The analysis of the nature of students' ACs and their use of the particulate theory revealed a significant difference between students' applied and theoretical knowledge.
TL;DR: The interactive methods developed for solving continuous multiple objective optimization problems and their applications are surveyed, based on the nature of preference assessments, functional assumptions and relationships between the methods.
01 Jan 1991
TL;DR: In the psychology of motivation the instrumental response is theoretically related in some way to the general wellbeing of the person whose motivation it is as mentioned in this paper. But the motivational structure of sympathy is different.
Abstract: In the psychology of motivation the instrumental response is theoretically related in some way to the general wellbeing of the person whose motivation it is. But the motivational structure of sympathy is different. The orientation of sympathetic behavior is not the welfare of the person who is sympathetically motivated, but that of the person who is the object of that sympathy. This distinction is not about “satisfaction” or “happiness,” although both may sometimes be involved. It is about the dependent variable for which sympathy is the motivation. Take, for example, the intake of food. Taking food may be equally “satisfying” to the person whose motivation is hunger and to the person whose motivation is sympathy, except that in the first case the food is eaten by the hungry person, and in the second case the food is eaten by the person who is the object of sympathy. The logic of this distinction was set forth many years ago by Bishop Butler (see Broad, 1979), and I will consider it further in Chapter 4.
TL;DR: This article examined 7th grade life science students, 10th-grade biology students, and college zoology students for understanding of the concept of diffusion and found no appreciable difference among grade levels in sound or partial understanding, misconceptions, or no understanding.
Abstract: This study examined 7th-grade life science students, 10th-grade biology students, and college zoology students for understanding of the concept of diffusion. Responses from 100 students from each grade level were randomly selected for data analysis. Each student responded to a test packet consisting of a biographical questionnaire, two Piagetian-like developmental tasks, and a Concept Evaluation Statement (CES). The CESs were used to measure the students' understandings of the concept of diffusion. None of the 300 students across the three grade levels exhibited complete understanding of the diffusion concept. There was no appreciable difference among the grade levels in sound or partial understanding, misconceptions, or “no understanding.” An analysis of the misconceptions exhibited by the college sample showed that many of the misconceptions could be traced to a misapplication of scientific terminology.
TL;DR: In this article, the ability of two fluorescent dyes (rhodamine WT and fluorescein) to mimic the adsorptive behavior of two herbicides (atrazine and alachlor) with alluvial aquifer sands was evaluated.
Abstract: Fluorescent dyes are being used as adsorbing ground-water tracers for conducting solute transport studies for adsorbing organic chemicals (e.g., pesticides). In this research, the ability of two fluorescent dyes (rhodamine WT and fluorescein) to mimic the adsorptive behavior of two herbicides (atrazine and alachlor) with alluvial aquifer sands was evaluated. Laboratory studies (batch and column) indicated the following order of increasing adsorption: fluorescein, atrazine, alachlor, and rhodamine WT. Thus, the use of fluorescein and rhodamine WT as adsorbing ground-water tracers was observed to delimit the appearance of the atrazine and alachlor (fluorescein appeared before and rhodamine WT after the herbicides). Several adsorption characteristics of the fluorescent dyes differed from those commonly observed for pesticides. The levels of adsorption for the dyes were several orders of magnitude greater than predicted from empirical relationships based on Kow and foc. The presence of divalent cations was observed to increase the level of rhodamine WT adsorption. The rhodamine WT breakthrough curves were not of the conventional sigmoidal shape but instead leveled off at a C/CO value of 0.5 for a number of pore volumes prior to increasing again towards a C/CO value of 1.0. These characteristics indicate that the adsorptive mechanisms for the fluorescent dyes differed from the adsorptive mechanisms for most pesticides. These variations in fundamental adsorptive mechanisms raise concerns as to the transferability of the results of this research (fluorescein and rhodamine WT delimiting the appearance of atrazine and alachlor) to other subsurface media.
TL;DR: In this article, a model of intergovernmental service contracting is tested for U.S. cities of 25,000 and over population, and the decision process is assumed to be shaped by many of the same forces that affect contracting to the private sector, namely, cost considerations, fiscal pressures, and political influences.
Abstract: A model of intergovernmental service contracting is tested for U.S. cities of 25,000 and over population. In this model, the decision process is assumed to be shaped by many of the same forces that affect contracting to the private sector, namely, cost considerations, fiscal pressures, and political influences. Considerable support is found for the model, although fiscal stress is not a major impetus for contracting with other jurisdictions. The presence of a city manager facilitates greater intergovernmental contracting, although restrictive state laws limit such arrangements. Above all, when local officials fear loss of service control, less intergovernmental contracting occurs.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a model of the context of interorganizational collaboration, made up of driving and restraining forces from both the competitive and institutional sectors of the economy.
Abstract: This article presents a model of the context of interorganizational collaboration. The model is made up of driving and restraining forces from both the competitive and institutional sectors of the ...
TL;DR: This paper describes a new class of algorithms for embedding the Hamiltonian cycle, the set of all even cycles and a variety of two- and multi-dimensional grids in a star graph and derives an algorithm for the ranking and the unranking problem with respect to theHamiltonian cycle.
Abstract: The use of the star graph as a viable interconnection scheme for parallel computers has been examined by a number of authors in recent times An attractive feature of this class of graphs is that it has sublogarithmic diameter and has a great deal of symmetry akin to the binary hypercube In this paper we describe a new class of algorithms for embedding (a) Hamiltonian cycle (b) the set of all even cycles and (c) a variety of two- and multi-dimensional grids in a star graph In addition, we also derive an algorithm for the ranking and the unranking problem with respect to the Hamiltonian cycle
TL;DR: In this paper, a cost function is defined to measure the difference between the model solutions of the observed variables and the observations, and a set of adjoint equations is constructed to determine the sensitivity of the cost function to initial state errors.
Abstract: A method for recovering the full three-dimensional wind and temperature fields from single-Doppler radar data is developed and demonstrated. This method uses a dynamic model, and attempts to determine the initial conditions of the unobserved flow and thermodynamic fields that have generated the time sequence of observed fields. A cost function is defined to measure the difference between the model solutions of the observed variables and the observations. A set of adjoint equations is constructed to determine the sensitivity of the cost function to initial state errors in those not observed. The initial state variables are then adjusted to minimize those errors. Several experiments are conducted using simulated observations produced by a control run of a dry convection model. It is shown that the method is able to determine the spatial structures of the unobserved velocity components and temperature effectively; and the performance is enhanced by the use of a temporal smoothness constraint. The me...
TL;DR: Experimental manipulations of bass in natural stream pools showed that responses of other fishes to adult bass were highly dependent on prey size, and that both direct and indirect effects of adult bass influence the distribution and abundance of other stream fishes.
Abstract: Adult largemouth bass alter habitat use by, and abundances of, other fishes in small streams. Experimental manipulations of bass in natural stream pools (Brier Creek, Oklahoma) showed that responses of other fishes to adult bass were highly dependent on prey size, and that both direct and indirect effects of adult bass influence the distribution and abundance of other stream fishes. Experiments measuring the distributional responses of members of natural pool assemblages to adult bass revealed differences among adult sunfishes, “small” fishes (16–80 mm SL), and larval sunfish and minnows. Adult sunfishes (Lepomis spp.) did not detectably alter their depth distribution in response to adult bass, but changes in abundance of adult Lepomis on the whole-pool scale appeared positively related to changes in the number of bass. Small fishes tended to occupy shallower water when adult bass were present; changes in abundance of small fishes were negatively related to the number of adult bass. Larval minnows and larval Lepomis occupied primarily deep, mid-regions of pools, and were found only in pools which contained, or had contained, adult bass. A second set of experiments was motivated by censuses of small prairie-margin streams which revealed co-occurrence of larval fishes (of both minnow and sunfish species) and adult largemouth bass. Experimental manipulation of bass and Lepomis larvae on the whole-pool scale showed that adult bass enhanced short-term survival of Lepomis larvae. This effect appears to be an indirect result of habitat shifts by small fishes in response to bass; additional experiments indicated that these small fishes are potentially important predators of larvae. The interactions suggested in this study are analogous to those hypothesized for bass and sunfish in lakes by Werner and Hall (1988).
TL;DR: The structural change far from Ser-195 was only elicited by thrombomodulin species that stimulate thrombin-dependent activation of protein C, and no fluorescence changes were observed when the fluorescein and ANSThrombin derivatives were titrated with GF5-6.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors draw from theories in criminology which suggest that threats of shame, a self-imposed punishment, and threats of embarrassment, a socially imposed punishment, function much better than those of shame and embarrassment.
Abstract: The present research draws from theories in criminology which suggest that threats of shame, a self-imposed punishment, and threats of embarrassment, a socially imposed punishment, function much li...