University of Oklahoma

About: University of Oklahoma is a education organization based out in Norman, Oklahoma, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Radar. The organization has 25269 authors who have published 52609 publications receiving 1821706 citations. The organization is also known as: OU & Oklahoma University.

Relative Dominance of Gag p24-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Is Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Control

Abstract: Conflicting data on the role of total virus- and protein-specific cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses in the control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression exist. We present data generated from a Peruvian cohort of untreated, clade B-infected subjects, demonstrating that the proportion of Gag-specific, and in particular p24-reactive, CTL responses among the total virus-specific CTL activity is associated with individuals' CD4 counts and viral loads. Analyses in a second cohort in the United States confirm these findings and point towards a dominant role of Gag-specific immunity in effective control of HIV infection, providing important guidance for HIV vaccine development.

A Quarter Century of the Advocacy Coalition Framework: An Introduction to the Special Issue

Abstract: A Quarter Century of the Advocacy Coalition Framework : An Introduction to the Special Issue

Bond Rating Agencies and Stock Analysts: Who Knows What When?

Abstract: Both bond rating agencies and stock analysts evaluate publicly traded companies and communicate their findings and opinions to investors. This study compares the timeliness of each and explores Granger causality between the two. We find that bond rating downgrades are partially a response to information which both the market and earnings analysts already have and which they have already impounded in prices and earnings forecasts respectively. However, downgrades are also viewed by both earnings analysts and market participants as providing some new information - the market reacts negatively and analysts revise their forecasts sharply downward. Indeed, the reaction of earnings analysts to downgrades exceeds their response to other informational events as documented in previous studies. Controlling for pre-downgrade information releases, we find that analysts reduce their forecasts about 7% in the first month following a downgrade and about 13% over three months. We find that the post-downgrade earnings forecast revisions are partially predictable from the market response to the downgrade implying that those downgrades which are a surprise to market participants and which they view as providing new information are viewed the same way by earnings analysts. On the other hand, we find no evidence that the market response is partially predictable from the pre-downgrade earnings forecast revisions. While the market apparently views upgrades as providing no new information, since there is no market response to the announcement, we find that stock analysts tend to revise their earnings forecasts upward following upgrades. However, these upward revisions are much smaller than the downward revisions following downgrades. Throughout our analysis, we control for the tendency for analysts to be overly optimistic initially and to respond with a lag to public information.

Gout and hyperuricemia.

Abstract: Gout continues to be a health problem around the world despite the availability of effective therapies Although the prevalence is influenced by genetic factors, the associations of alcohol consumption, obesity, and hypertension appear to be partially responsible for the increased prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in African and Oriental countries The association between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular disease seems linked to insulin resistance This relation, in part, explains the common coexistence of hyperlipidemia and glucose intolerance in patients with gout Accordingly, it is recommended that one pay more attention to dietary manipulation in patients with gout in addition to managing hypertension, obesity, and other medical problems Although acute gout attacks can be treated, eliminating gout requires effective removal of urate from the body Allopurinol remains a dominant urate-lowering agent, however its use may be limited by allergic reactions Uricosuric agents are also effective urate-lowering agents and provide an alternative to allopurinol Strategies to treat patients who are sensitive to allopurinol continue to evolve