University of Oklahoma

About: University of Oklahoma is a education organization based out in Norman, Oklahoma, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Radar. The organization has 25269 authors who have published 52609 publications receiving 1821706 citations. The organization is also known as: OU & Oklahoma University.

VI. Genome Structure and Cognitive Map of Williams Syndrome

Abstract: Williams syndrome (WMS) is a most compelling model of human cognition, of human genome organization, and of evolution. Due to a deletion in chromosome band 7q11.23, subjects have cardiovascular, connective tissue, and neurodevelopmental deficits. Given the striking peaks and valleys in neurocognition including deficits in visual-spatial and global processing, preserved language and face processing, hypersociability, and heightened affect, the goal of this work has been to identify the genes that are responsible, the cause of the deletion, and its origin in primate evolution. To do this, we have generated an integrated physical, genetic, and transcriptional map of the WMS and flanking regions using multicolor metaphase and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) and P1 artificial chromosomes (PACs), BAC end sequencing, PCR gene marker and microsatellite, large-scale sequencing, cDNA library, and database analyses. The results indicate the genomic organization of the WMS region as two nested duplicated regions flanking a largely single-copy region. There are at least two common deletion breakpoints, one in the centromeric and at least two in the telomeric repeated regions. Clones anchoring the unique to the repeated regions are defined along with three new pseudogene families. Primate studies indicate an evolutionary hot spot for chromosomal inversion in the WMS region. A cognitive phenotypic map of WMS is presented, which combines previous data with five further WMS subjects and three atypical WMS subjects with deletions; two larger (deleted for D7S489L) and one smaller, deleted for genes telomeric to FZD9, through LIMK1, but not WSCR1 or telomeric. The results establish regions and consequent gene candidates for WMS features including mental retardation, hypersociability, and facial features. The approach provides the basis for defining pathways linking genetic underpinnings with the neuroanatomical, functional, and behavioral consequences that result in human cognition.

Electroosmotic pumps and their applications in microfluidic systems

Abstract: Electroosmotic pumping is receiving increasing attention in recent years owing to the rapid development in micro total analytical systems. Compared with other micropumps, electroosmotic pumps (EOPs) offer a number of advantages such as creation of constant pulse-free flows and elimination of moving parts. The flow rates and pumping pressures of EOPs matches well with micro analysis systems. The common materials and fabrication technologies make it readily integrateable with lab-on-a-chip devices. This paper reviews the recent progress on EOP fabrications and applications in order to promote the awareness of EOPs to researchers interested in using micro- and nano-fluidic devices. The pros and cons of EOPs are also discussed, which helps these researchers in designing and constructing their micro platforms.

Effect of wavelength on low‐intensity laser irradiation‐stimulated cell proliferation in vitro

Abstract: Background and Objectives There exist contradictory reports about low-intensity laser light-stimulated cell proliferation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of wavelength on proliferation of cultured murine cells. Study Design/Materials and Methods Proliferation of primary cell cultures was measured after irradiation with varying laser wavelengths. Results Fibroblasts proliferated faster than endothelial cells in response to laser irradiation. Maximum cell proliferation occurred with 665 and 675 nm light, whereas 810 nm light was inhibitory to fibroblasts. Conclusions These observations suggest that both wavelength and cell type influence the cell proliferation response to low-intensity laser irradiation. Lasers Surg. Med. 36:8–12, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Vegetation Greening and Climate Change Promote Multidecadal Rises of Global Land Evapotranspiration.

Abstract: Recent studies showed that anomalous dry conditions and limited moisture supply roughly between 1998 and 2008, especially in the Southern Hemisphere, led to reduced vegetation productivity and ceased growth in land evapotranspiration (ET). However, natural variability of Earth’s climate system can degrade capabilities for identifying climate trends. Here we produced a long-term (1982–2013) remote sensing based land ET record and investigated multidecadal changes in global ET and underlying causes. The ET record shows a significant upward global trend of 0.88 mm yr−2 (P < 0.001) over the 32-year period, mainly driven by vegetation greening (0.018% per year; P < 0.001) and rising atmosphere moisture demand (0.75 mm yr−2; P = 0.016). Our results indicate that reduced ET growth between 1998 and 2008 was an episodic phenomenon, with subsequent recovery of the ET growth rate after 2008. Terrestrial precipitation also shows a positive trend of 0.66 mm yr−2 (P = 0.08) over the same period consistent with expected water cycle intensification, but this trend is lower than coincident increases in evaporative demand and ET, implying a possibility of cumulative water supply constraint to ET. Continuation of these trends will likely exacerbate regional drought-induced disturbances, especially during regional dry climate phases associated with strong El Nino events.

Chronic Exposure to a TLR Ligand Injures Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Abstract: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) can be harmed by disease, chemotherapy, radiation, and normal aging We show in this study that damage also occurs in mice repeatedly treated with very low doses of LPS Overall health of the animals was good, and there were relatively minor changes in marrow hematopoietic progenitors However, HSC were unable to maintain quiescence, and transplantation revealed them to be myeloid skewed Moreover, HSC from treated mice were not sustained in serial transplants and produced lymphoid progenitors with low levels of the E47 transcription factor This phenomenon was previously seen in normal aging Screening identified mAbs that resolve HSC subsets, and relative proportions of these HSC changed with age and/or chronic LPS treatment For example, minor CD150(Hi)CD48(-) populations lacking CD86 or CD18 expanded Simultaneous loss of CD150(Lo/-)CD48(-) HSC and gain of the normally rare subsets, in parallel with diminished transplantation potential, would be consistent with age- or TLR-related injury In contrast, HSC in old mice differed from those in LPS-treated animals with respect to VCAM-1 or CD41 expression and lacked proliferation abnormalities HSC can be exposed to endogenous and pathogen-derived TLR ligands during persistent low-grade infections This stimulation might contribute in part to HSC senescence and ultimately compromise immunity